Distribution characteristics of microplastics in the surface seawater of the Jinzhou Bay
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摘要: 海洋微塑料是全球关注的新兴环境问题，海湾由于特殊的地理环境特征，成为微塑料分布研究的热点区域。本研究以锦州湾为研究海域，于2017年10月布设了11个点位开展表层海水微塑料样品采集，在实验室采用湿式氧化法开展样品前处理，应用傅立叶变换显微红外光谱仪分析鉴定微塑料成分。研究结果表明，锦州湾表层水体微塑料平均丰度为(0.93±0.59)个/m3，微塑料数量占全部塑料样品的96.2%。微塑料的主要成分为聚丙烯和聚乙烯，分别占55.0%和23.5%；线状和片状塑料的比例最高，分别占41.7%和26.2%；白色、蓝色和半透明微塑料分别占35.1%、26.0%和21.4%。受水动力条件和陆域河流输入等影响，锦州湾表层水体中微塑料的空间分布整体呈现北部偏高，向南部递减的趋势。Abstract: Marine microplastics pollution is an emerging marine environmental issue and has attracted worldwide attention. Due to the special geographical environment characteristics, the coastal bays become the hotspot for microplastics distribution research. Here we report data on the abundance and characteristics of microplastics collected from surface seawater of the Jinzhou Bay. Samples were collected from 11 sites by horizontal trawling of a plankton net in October 2017. Wet peroxide oxidation process and micro Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectroscopy were conducted to remove the organic material mixed in the sample and identified the composition of microplastics. The research results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in the Jinzhou Bay was (0.93±0.59) items/m3, and accounting for 96.2% of the total plastic debris. Polypropylene and polyethylene were the main components of microplastics, accounting for 55.0% and 23.5%, respectively. The main types of microplastics were lines and fragments, accounting for 41.7% and 26.2%, respectively. White, blue and translucent was the most common color, accounting for 35.1%, 26.0% and 21.4%, respectively. Affected by hydrodynamic conditions and riverine input, the spatial distribution of microplastics in the surface seawater of the Jinzhou Bay was higher in the north areas than that in the south.
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Key words:
- Jinzhou Bay /
- surface seawater /
- plastic debris /
- microplastics /
- distribution
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图 1 锦州湾海水表层微塑料监测站位及微塑料空间分布
Fig. 1 Sampling sites and distribution characteristics of microplastics in the surface seawater of the Jinzhou Bay
图 2 锦州湾表层水体微塑料物理化学特征
Fig. 2 Physical and chemical characteristics of microplastics in the surface seawater of the Jinzhou Bay
图 3 锦州湾表层水体微塑料形状
Fig. 3 The types of microplastics in the surface seawater of the Jinzhou Bay
图 4 表层海水中不同尺寸的聚丙烯、聚乙烯与微塑料的数量分布对比
Fig. 4 Comparison of the distribution of polypropylene，polyethylene and microplastics of different sizes in the surface seawater
图 5 锦州湾各站位表层水体微塑料的形状分布
Fig. 5 Types distribution of microplastics at sites in the surface seawater of the Jinzhou Bay
表 1 锦州湾各站位采样信息
Tab. 1 Sampling information of each site in the Jinzhou Bay
站位 采集时长/min 过水体积/m3 采集塑料
样品个数采集微塑料个数 微塑料丰度/(个·m−3) JZ01 12 507 432 414 0.82 JZ02 10 426 1 025 1 007 2.36 JZ03 10 426 681 668 1.57 JZ04 10 524 646 610 1.16 JZ05 12 396 258 247 0.62 JZ06 12 362 299 290 0.80 JZ07 11 383 265 261 0.68 JZ08 11 397 179 165 0.42 JZ09 10 414 153 139 0.34 JZ10 11 489 449 413 0.85 JZ11 10 363 211 209 0.58 
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表 2 不同海湾表层海水中微塑料的丰度对比
Tab. 2 Abundance comparison of microplastics in the surface seawater in different sea areas
调查海域 网具类型 网衣孔径/μm 丰度/(个·m−3) 主要形状 主要成分 文献 伊朗恰巴哈尔海湾 Neuston网 333 0.49±0.43 纤维 聚丙烯、聚乙烯 [17] 墨西哥托多斯桑托斯湾 Manta 网 333 0.19±0.21 碎片、纤维 − [18] 法国布列塔尼布雷斯特湾 Manta 网 335 0.24±0.35 碎片 聚乙烯 [19] 巴西瓜纳巴拉湾 浮游生物网（直径0.6 m） 300 7.1±7.3 碎片、薄膜 聚乙烯 [20] 佛罗里达州坦帕湾 浮游生物网（直径0.5 m） 330 4.5±2.3 纤维 − [21] 象山湾 浮游生物网（直径0.2 m） 330 8.91±4.70 泡沫 聚乙烯 [22] 渤海 Manta网 330 0.35±0.13 线、碎片 聚乙烯、聚丙烯 [16] 锦州湾 Manta 网 330 0.93±0.59 线、碎片、颗粒 聚丙烯、聚乙烯 本研究 注：−代表文献中未提及成分。
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