基于DNA条形码的长江口鱼类浮游生物形态分类研究

刘守海; 杨旖祎; 何彦龙; 季晓; 王宇坛; 张海景; 毛如意; 蒋晓山; 程祥圣

doi:10.12284/hyxb2021062

基于DNA条形码的长江口鱼类浮游生物形态分类研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021062

刘守海^{1, 2,},
杨旖祎^{1, 2},
何彦龙^{1, 2},
季晓^{1, 2},
王宇坛^{1, 2},
张海景³,
毛如意^{1, 2},
蒋晓山^{1, 2},
程祥圣^{1, 2, ,}

1.
国家海洋局东海环境监测中心，上海 201206
2.
自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室，上海 201206
3.
国家海洋局东海海洋环境调查勘察中心，上海 200137

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFC1402305，2016YFC1402103，2016YFC1402201，2016YHC1402405)；自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室开放基金课题(202007，202010)；东海分局青年海洋科技基金(201801)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘守海(1986-)，男，浙江省温岭市人，工程师，从事海洋鱼类浮游生物研究。E-mail：liush@ecs.mnr.gov.cn

通讯作者:
程祥圣，男，教授级高级工程师，主要从事海洋生态环境研究。E-mail：chengxs@ecs.mnr.gov.cn

中图分类号: Q954.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-21
- 修回日期: 2020-12-25
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-25

Morphological classification of ichthyoplankton in the Changjiang River Estuary based on DNA barcoding

Liu Shouhai^{1, 2
,},
Yang Yiyi^{1, 2},
He Yanlong^{1, 2},
Ji Xiao^{1, 2},
Wang Yutan^{1, 2},
Zhang Haijing³,
Mao Ruyi^{1, 2},
Jiang Xiaoshan^{1, 2},
Cheng Xiangsheng^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
East China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 201206, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 201206, China
3.
East Sea Marine Environmental Investigating and Surveying Center, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 200137, China

摘要

摘要: DNA条形码技术是利用一段较短的DNA序列实现快速准确物种鉴定的工具。本研究采用传统形态学和DNA条形码技术相结合，对长江口及其邻近水域的鱼类浮游生物种类进行准确鉴定，并对部分种类仔稚鱼进行了形态学描述。结果表明：2016年春、夏季和2017年夏季共获得鱼类浮游生物55种，隶属9目19科。其中鲈形目种类数最多，为35种。鱼类浮游生物在类群上季节变化不明显，但在种类上有明显的季节变化。仅有凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、日本鳀(Engraulis japonius)和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)在春、夏季同时出现。首次描述了龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)仔、稚鱼阶段的形态特征；对龙头鱼、前鳞龟鰉(Chelon affinis)、四指马鲅(Eleutheronema tetradactylum)、少鳞鱚(Sillago japonica)和日本须鳎(Paraplagusia japonica)这5种仔、稚鱼的可量性状、鳍的发育、黑色素的分布等情况进行了描述，绘制了仔、稚鱼形态图。以上研究可为河口鱼类育幼场的研究提供科学依据，也为鱼类早期发育阶段分类资料的积累探索新途径。
- 长江口 /
- 鱼卵仔鱼 /
- 形态学 /
- DNA条形码
Abstract: DNA barcoding technology is a tool for rapid and accurate species identification using short orthologous DNA sequence. In this study, both traditional morphology and DNA barcoding technology was used to accurately identify ichthyoplankton species in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent waters. Morphological description was carried out at the same time. The results showed that in spring and summer of 2016 and summer of 2017, 55 species of ichthyoplankton were obtained, belonging to 9 orders and 19 families. Among them, there were 35 species of Perciformes at most. The seasonal variation of ichthyoplankton in fish group was not obvious, while there was significant seasonal variation in species. Only Coilia mystus, Engraulis japonius and Larimichthys polyactis appeared both in spring and summer. It was the first time to describe the morphological characteristics of Harpadon nehereus larva and juvenile. In addition, the quantifiable characters, fin development and melanin distribution of larvae and juvenile of Harpadon nehereus, Chelon affinis, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Sillago japonica and Paraplagusia japonica, were described and drew. The research could provide a scientific basis for the study of fish nursery in estuaries, and also provide a new way for the accumulation of taxonomic data in the early stage of fish development.
- Changjiang River Estuary /
- fish eggs and larvae /
- morphology /
- DNA barcoding

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图 1 长江口海域采样站位图

Fig. 1 Sampling stations in the Changjiang River Estuary

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A1 龙头鱼仔稚鱼

A1 Larvae and juvenile stages of Harpadon nehereus

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A2 前鳞龟鰉稚鱼

A2 Juvenile stage of Chelon affinis

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A3 四指马鲅稚鱼

A3 Juvenile stage of Eleutheronema tetradactylum

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A4 少鳞鱚稚鱼

A4 Juvenile stage of Sillago japonica

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A5 日本须鳎仔鱼

A5 Larvae stage of Paraplagusia japonica

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表 1 长江口鱼类浮游生物种名录（2016年春季（5月）、夏季（8月）和2017年夏季（8月））

Tab. 1 List of ichthyoplankton species of Changjiang River Estuary（spring (May), summer (August) 2016 and summer (August) 2017）

类群	中文名	拉丁名	样品数	Genbank登录号	引用序列	2016年5月	2016年8月	2017年8月
鳗鲡目	海鳗	Muraenesox cinereus	2	MW402970−MW402971	HM068279,HM068292	−	−	+
鲱形目	凤鲚	Coilia mystus	12	MW389037−MW389048	JX534238,KF951600	+	+	+
鲱形目	日本鳀	Engraulis japonius	8	MW389049−MW389056	KF765500AP017957	+	+	+
鲱形目	黄鲫	Setipinna taty	5	MW401817−MW401821	KC439458	−	−	+
鲱形目	康氏侧带小公鱼	Stolephorus commersonnii	10	MW401803−MW401812	KM236093,KM236094,KM236095	−	+	+
鲤形目	鲢鱼	Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	1	MW401813	HM776359	+	−	−
鲤形目	青鱼	Mylopharyngodon piceus	2	MW401814−MW401815	HQ236003	+	−	−
鲤形目	鳊	Parabramis peknensis	1	MW402946	KF857485	+	−	−
鲤形目	寡鳞飘鱼	Pseudolaubuca engraulis	22	MW389006−MW389027	KC429670	−	+	+
鲤形目	银飘鱼	Pseudolaubuca sinensis	1	MW402945	KY471356,KR862140	−	+	−
鲤形目	飘鱼属	Pseudolaubuca sp.	1	−	−	−	+	−
仙女鱼目	龙头鱼	Harpadon nehereus	13	MW402947−MW402959	JX534239,KP112261	−	+	+
鲻形目	前鳞龟鰉	Chelon affinis	4	MW402960−MW402963	JF911709	+	−	−
鲻形目	龟鰉	Chelon haematocheilus	6	MW402964−MW402969	KJ622047	+	−	−
鲉形目	虎鲉	Minous monodactylus	1	MW388799	EU595221,KP330538	−	−	+
鲉形目	鲬	Platycephalus indicus	1	MW388798	HM180794	+	−	−
鲈形目	中国花鲈	Lateolabrax maculatus	3	MW402972−MW402974	EF143385	+	−	−
鲈形目	鳜	Siniperca chuatsi	1	MW402975	KU049658	+	−	−
鲈形目	少鳞鱚	Sillago japonica	3	MW388965−MW388967	AP017438HM180882	−	−	+
鲈形目	四指马鲅	Eleutheronema tetradactylum	4	MW388968−MW388971	KC878730	−	+	+
鲈形目	棘头梅童鱼	Collichthys lucidus	13	MW388972−MW388984	JN857362	−	+	+
鲈形目	梅童鱼属	Collichthys sp.	1	−	−	−	+	−
鲈形目	皮氏叫姑鱼	Johnius belangerii	4	MW388985−MW388988	KU754054	−	+	+
鲈形目	叫姑鱼	Johnius grypotus	1	MW402985	KC491206	−	+	−
鲈形目	叫姑鱼属	Johnius sp.	1	−	−	−	+	−
鲈形目	小黄鱼*	Larimichthys polyactis	6	MW403045−MW403050	HM068242,FJ618559,GU586227	+	+	+
鲈形目	鮸	Miichthys miiuy	2	MW403055−MW403056	EU266377,HM447240	−	−	+
鲈形目	斜棘鴨属	Repomucenus sp.	5	−	−	+	−	−
鲈形目	斑尾刺虾虎鱼	Acanthogobius ommaturus	2	MW403061−MW403062	KM891736	+	−	−
鲈形目	舟山缰虾虎鱼	Amoya chusanensis	1	MW388861	KC196075	−	−	+
鲈形目	大弹涂鱼	Boleophthalmus pectinirostris	29	MW388810−MW388838	JN631352,JN033333	−	+	+
鲈形目	矛尾虾虎鱼	Chaeturichthys stigmatias	1	MW402982	KC495071	+	−	−
鲈形目	多鳞真颌虾虎鱼	Eugnathogobius polylepis	1	MW388864	MG744345	−	−	+
鲈形目	睛尾蝌蚪虾虎鱼	Lophiogobius ocellicauda	4	MW403057−MW403060	KC480264	+	−	−
鲈形目	斑点竿虾虎鱼	Luciogobius guttatus	1	MW402986	KU234481	+	−	−
鲈形目	阿部氏鲻虾虎鱼	Mugilogobius abei	6	MW403063−MW403068	KF128984	−	+	+
鲈形目	鲻虾虎鱼属	Mugilogobius sp.	1	−	−	−	−	+
鲈形目	拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼	Odontamblyopus lacepedii	22	MW388839−MW388860	KR815520	−	+	+
鲈形目	大鳍弹涂鱼	Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus	2	MW388862−MW388863	KT284931	−	−	+
鲈形目	褐吻虾虎鱼	Rhinogobius brunneus	1	MW402981	HQ536456	+	−	−
鲈形目	髭缟虾虎鱼	Tridentiger barbatus	22	MW388916−MW388937	JX536694	−	+	+
鲈形目	孔虾虎鱼	Trypauchen vagina	19	MW388865−MW388883	JQ027694	−	+	+
鲈形目	虾虎鱼科1	−	17	−	−	−	+	+
鲈形目	虾虎鱼科2	−	3	−	−	−	+	+
鲈形目	虾虎鱼科3	−	1	−	−	−	+	−
鲈形目	虾虎鱼科4	−	1	−	−	−	−	+
鲈形目	虾虎鱼科5	−	1	−	−	−	+	−
鲈形目	带鱼	Trichiurus lepturus	19	MW388778−MW388796	JX477078	−	+	+
鲈形目	扁鮀鰹	Auxis thazard	1	MW388797	AB105447	−	+	−
鲽形目	日本拟鳎	Pseudaesopia japonicus	2	MW396779−MW396780	KJ433568	+	−	−
鲽形目	焦氏舌鳎	Cynoglossus joyneri	11	MW396781−MW396791	KF979127,KU754054,KY008569	−	+	+
鲽形目	半滑舌鳎	Cynoglossus semilaevis	1	MW388770	DQ116751,EU366230	−	+	−
鲽形目	日本须鳎	Paraplagusia japonica	1	MW388771	JQ639066	−	−	+
鲀形目	横纹多纪鲀	Takifugu oblongus	3	MW388774−MW388776	AP009535	−	+	−
鲀形目	黄鳍多纪鲀	Takifugu xanthopterus	2	MW388772−MW388773	AP009533	+	−	−
注：−表示该种类未出现; +表示该种类出现；小黄鱼为黑鳃梅童鱼（Collichthys niveatus）或小黄鱼（Larimichthys polyactis），最后定为小黄鱼（有1条序列结果）；鲻虾虎鱼属为阿部氏鲻虾虎鱼（Mugilogobius abei）或粘皮鲻虾虎鱼（Mugilogobius myxodermus）；虾虎鱼科1为大鳍弹涂鱼（Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus）或青弹涂鱼（Scartelaos histophorus）；虾虎鱼科2为鳗虾虎鱼（Taenioides anguillaris）或拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼（Odontamblyopus lacepedii）；虾虎鱼科3为弹涂鱼（Periophthalmus modestus）或小头栉孔虾虎鱼（Paratrypauchen microcephalus）；虾虎鱼科4为大青弹涂鱼（Scartelaos gigas）或孔虾虎鱼（Trypauchen vagina*）；以上5组的序列分别与两个物种相似度为99%。

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