Occurrence and Carbon Sequestration Implications of Black Carbon in Coral Sands of the South China Sea: Evidence from Weizhou Island and Yongle Atoll
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摘要: 黑碳（BC）主要是化石燃料或生物质不完全燃烧产生的惰性有机碳，其在海洋沉积物中的埋藏构成了重要的稳定碳汇。目前对海洋沉积BC的研究多集中于泥质或砂质沉积物，而高钙质珊瑚砂关注较少。本研究采用盐酸预处理去除碳酸盐干扰后，基于苯多羧酸分子标记物法（BPCA），系统分析了南海近岸涠洲岛及远岸永乐环礁珊瑚砂中BC的赋存特征。结果表明，BC在珊瑚砂中普遍存在，其中涠洲岛珊瑚砂BC含量显著高于永乐环礁，呈现“近岸高、远岸低”的空间分异，指示陆源输入是涠洲岛BC的主要来源。BPCA组成表明，生物质燃烧是影响两区域的区域性背景来源；但涠洲岛受近岸人类活动影响，叠加了强烈的化石燃料等高温燃烧源输入，呈现出更高的芳环缩合度。粒径分析表明，BC在珊瑚砂破碎过程中存在“先释放、后吸附”的动态行为。本研究表明珊瑚砂是BC的有效埋藏载体，初步估算显示其具备可观的黑碳封存通量，这对于全面评估珊瑚礁生态系统的碳汇功能具有重要意义。Abstract: Black carbon (BC), an inert organic carbon primarily produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels or biomass, constitutes an important stable carbon sink when buried in marine sediments. Current research on sedimentary BC largely focuses on muddy or sandy deposits, while highly calcareous coral sands have received limited attention. In this study, using hydrochloric acid pretreatment to remove carbonate interference, the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) molecular marker method was applied to systematically investigate the occurrence characteristics of BC in coral sands from the nearshore Weizhou Island and the offshore Yongle Atoll in the South China Sea. The results demonstrate that BC is ubiquitous in coral sands. The BC content at Weizhou Island is significantly higher than at Yongle Atoll, exhibiting a spatial pattern of being higher in nearshore and lower in offshore areas, which indicates that terrestrial input is the dominant source of BC at Weizhou Island. BPCA composition reveals that biomass burning serves as a regional background source affecting both areas; however, influenced by nearshore anthropogenic activities, Weizhou Island is superimposed with strong high-temperature combustion inputs, such as fossil fuels, resulting in a higher degree of aromatic condensation. Grain-size analyses suggests a dynamic behavior characterized by “initial release followed by re-adsorption” of BC during the fragmentation of coral sands. This study demonstrates that coral sands serve as an effective burial medium for BC. Preliminary estimates indicate substantial black carbon sequestration fluxes, which is of great significance for comprehensively evaluating the carbon sink function of coral reef ecosystems.
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Key words:
- Black carbon /
- Coral sand /
- Carbon sink /
- Benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) /
- Weizhou Island /
- Yongle Atoll
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图 1 涠洲岛和永乐环礁珊瑚砂采样站位图
Fig. 1 Samping stations of coral sands from Weizhou Island and Yongle Atoll
图 2 涠洲岛和永乐环礁珊瑚砂中的碳酸盐（IC）和有机碳（TOC和TOCIC）含量
Fig. 2 Contents of carbonate (IC), total organic carbon (TOC and TOCIC,)in coral sands from Weizhou Island and Yongle Atoll
图 3 涠洲岛和永乐环礁珊瑚砂中的黑碳（BC和BCIC）含量及BPCAs组成
Fig. 3 Contents of black carbon (BC and BCIC) and BPCA composition in coral sands from Weizhou Island and Yongle Atoll
图 4 涠洲岛和永乐环礁不同粒径珊瑚砂中无机碳酸盐（IC）、有机碳（TOC和TOCIC）和黑碳（BC和BCIC）含量
Fig. 4 Contents of inorganic carbonates (IC), total organic carbon (TOC and TOCIC), and black carbon (BC and BCIC) in coral sands of different particle sizes from Weizhou Island and Yongle Atoll
图 5 涠洲岛和永乐环礁不同粒径珊瑚砂中无机碳酸盐（IC）与有机碳（TOC和TOCIC）和黑碳（BC和BCIC）的关系
Fig. 5 Relationships between inorganic carbonates (IC) and organic carbon (TOC and TOCIC) and black carbon (BC and BCIC) in coral sands of different particle sizes from Weizhou Island and Yongle Atoll
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