Study on Growth Characteristics of Hermatypic Stony Corals and Their Compatibility with Artificial Reefs in Weizhou Island, Guangxi
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摘要: 珊瑚礁生态修复被国际上认为是扭转珊瑚礁退化趋势的关键技术和重要途径，需因地制宜筛选本土修复珊瑚物种与适配人工礁体。本研究以广西涠洲岛退化珊瑚礁区为对象，通过10个月人工苗圃培育监测与18个月梯形、桌形、圆台形3种混凝土人工礁体移植实验，系统探究造礁石珊瑚生长适应性与礁体适配性。结果显示：4种供试珊瑚10个月的存活率均超85%，美丽鹿角珊瑚（Acropora muricata）与风信子鹿角珊瑚（Acropora hyacinthus）存活率均达 100%，风信子鹿角珊瑚在部分时段活组织投影面积增长速率更高，美丽鹿角珊瑚在存活稳定性、三维形态建成及工程应用潜力方面综合表现更优，可作为核心修复物种。3种礁体中，梯形人工礁18个月珊瑚存活率达92%，显著高于圆台形（77%）和桌形（60%）；面对环境压力实际光量子产量、净光合速率等各生理指标对礁体形状的响应呈现显著特异性，梯形人工礁体抗高温、台风胁迫及损伤恢复能力更强。本研究确立了以“美丽鹿角珊瑚为主要修复物种、扎带捆绑为固定方式、金属苗床为培育载体、梯形人工礁体为定居基底”的珊瑚礁生态修复模式，为我国亚热带台风频发海域的珊瑚礁生态修复工作提供了科学依据与实用技术参考。Abstract: Coral reef ecological restoration is internationally recognized as a pivotal technology and essential approach to reverse the degradation trend of coral reefs, which requires selecting native coral species for restoration and matched artificial reefs based on local conditions. Taking the degraded coral reef area of Weizhou Island, Guangxi as the research object, this study systematically investigated the growth adaptability of hermatypic stony corals and their compatibility with artificial reefs through a 10-month monitoring program of artificial nursery cultivation and an 18-month transplantation experiment involving three types of concrete artificial reefs (trapezoidal, table-shaped, and truncated conical). The results showed that the 10-month survival rates of all four tested coral species exceeded 85%. Both Acropora muricata and Acropora hyacinthus achieved 100% survival. Acropora hyacinthus exhibited a higher growth rate of living tissue projection area during some periods, while Acropora muricata performed better comprehensively in terms of survival stability, three-dimensional morphology formation, and engineering application potential, and can be used as the core restoration species. Among the three types of artificial reefs, the 18-month survival rate of corals on the trapezoidal artificial reef reached 92%, which was significantly higher than that on the truncated conical reef (77%) and the table-shaped reef (60%). Under environmental stress, physiological indicators including effective quantum yield and net photosynthetic rate showed significant specific responses to reef shapes, with the trapezoidal artificial reef demonstrating superior resistance to high temperature and typhoon stress as well as stronger damage recovery capability. The coral reef ecological restoration model established in this study—featuring Acropora muricata as the main restoration species, cable tie binding as the fixation method, metal seedbeds as the cultivation carrier, and trapezoidal artificial reefs as the colonization substrate—provides a scientific basis and practical technical reference for coral reef ecological restoration in typhoon-prone subtropical marine areas of China.
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图 1 金属苗床及人工礁体的水下图片
（a）金属苗床；（b）梯形人工礁；（c）桌形人工礁；（d）圆台人工礁。
Fig. 1 Underwater photographs of metal seedbeds and artificial reefs
(a) metal seedbed; (b) Trapezoidal artificial reef; (c) Table-shaped artificial reef; (d) Truncated cone-shaped artificial reef.
图 2 金属苗床上四种珊瑚的生长情况
（a）澄黄滨珊瑚；（b）十字牡丹珊瑚；（c）风信子鹿角珊瑚；（d）美丽鹿角珊瑚。
Fig. 2 Growth performance of four coral species on metal seedbeds
(a) Porites lutea; (b) Pavona decussata; (c) Acropora hyacinthus; (d) Acropora muricata.
图 3 金属苗床上四种珊瑚存活及生长情况
（a）珊瑚存活率；（b）珊瑚活组织投影面积；（c）两种鹿角珊瑚横向活组织长度。（注：误差线为样本值的标准偏差。大写字母A/B/C表示同一时间点不同珊瑚物种间差异显著（P<0.05）；小写字母a/b/c表示同一物种不同时间点间差异显著（P<0.05）。统计分析采用重复测量方差分析（Repeated-measures ANOVA）与Duncan多重比较。）
Fig. 3 Survival and growth performance of four coral species on metal seedbed
(a) Coral survival rate; (b) Projected area of coral living tissue; (c) Horizontal live tissue length of two Acropora coral species. (Note: Error bars represent the standard deviation (SD) of the sample means. Uppercase letters (A/B/C) indicate significant differences among coral species at the same time point (P<0.05); lowercase letters (a/b/c) indicate significant differences within the same coral species across different time points (P<0.05). Statistical analyses were performed using repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple comparison test.)
图 4 四种珊瑚生理指标变化
（a）实际光量子产量；（b）净光合作用速率；（c）呼吸速率；（d）总光合速率与呼吸速率的比值。（注：误差线为样本值的标准偏差。大写字母A/B/C表示同一时间点不同珊瑚物种间差异显著（P<0.05）；小写字母a/b/c表示同一物种不同时间点间差异显著（P<0.05）。统计分析采用重复测量方差分析（Repeated-measures ANOVA）与Duncan多重比较。）
Fig. 4 Changes in Coral Physiological Indicators
(a) Actual quantum yield; (b) Photosynthesis rate; (c) Respiration rate; (d) Ratio of photosynthesis rate to respiration rate. (Note: Error bars represent the standard deviation (SD) of the sample means. Uppercase letters (A/B/C) indicate significant differences among coral species at the same time point (P<0.05); lowercase letters (a/b/c) indicate significant differences within the same coral species across different time points (P<0.05). Statistical analyses were performed using repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple comparison test.)
图 5 三种人工礁体上美丽鹿角珊瑚生长情况
（a）梯形人工礁；（b）桌形人工礁；（c）圆台人工礁。
Fig. 5 Growth performance of Acropora muricata on three types of artificial reefs
(a) Trapezoidal artificial reef; (b) Table-shaped artificial reef; (c) Truncated cone-shaped artificial reef.
图 6 三种人工礁体上美丽鹿角珊瑚存活及生长情况
（a）珊瑚存活率；（b）珊瑚活组织长度生长增比；（c）珊瑚纵向活组织长度。（注：误差线为样本值的标准偏差。大写字母A/B/C表示同一时间点不同珊瑚物种间差异显著（P<0.05）；小写字母a/b/c表示同一物种不同时间点间差异显著（P<0.05）。统计分析采用重复测量方差分析（Repeated-measures ANOVA）与Duncan多重比较。）
Fig. 6 Survival and growth performance of Acropora muricata on three types of artificial reefs
(a) Coral survival rate; (b) Growth increment ratio of coral living tissue length; (c) Coral live tissue length. (Note: Error bars represent the standard deviation (SD) of the sample means. Uppercase letters (A/B/C) indicate significant differences among coral species at the same time point (P<0.05); lowercase letters (a/b/c) indicate significant differences within the same coral species across different time points (P<0.05). Statistical analyses were performed using repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple comparison test.)
图 7 不同礁体上美丽鹿角珊瑚的生理指标变化
（a）实际光量子产量；（b）净光合作用速率；（c）呼吸速率；（d）总光合速率与呼吸速率的比值。（注：误差线为样本值的标准偏差。大写字母A/B/C表示同一时间点不同珊瑚物种间差异显著（P<0.05）；小写字母a/b/c表示同一物种不同时间点间差异显著（P<0.05）。统计分析采用重复测量方差分析（Repeated-measures ANOVA）与Duncan多重比较。）
Fig. 7 Variations in physiological indices of Acropora muricata on different reef types
(a) Actual quantum yield; (b) Net photosynthesis rate; (c) Respiration rate; (d) Ratio of photosynthesis rate to respiration rate. (Note: Error bars represent the standard deviation (SD) of the sample means. Uppercase letters (A/B/C) indicate significant differences among coral species at the same time point (P<0.05); lowercase letters (a/b/c) indicate significant differences within the same coral species across different time points (P<0.05). Statistical analyses were performed using repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple comparison test.)
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