线纹海马静态养殖模式水体微生态多样性与水质状况的阶段差异及其关联

邹文政; 孟春霖; 黄文树; 李忠琴; 杨求华

线纹海马静态养殖模式水体微生态多样性与水质状况的阶段差异及其关联

邹文政^{1, 2,},
孟春霖^{1, 2,},
黄文树^{1, 2},
李忠琴^{1, 2, ,},
杨求华³

1.
集美大学水产学院福建省厦门市 361021
2.
农业农村部东海海水健康养殖重点实验室福建省厦门市 361000
3.
福建省水产研究所 361000

基金项目: “十四五”国家重点研发计划“海洋农业与淡水渔业科技创新”专项（2025YFD2400300）；宁波市科技计划项目（2024Z278）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-46）。

详细信息

作者简介:
邹文政（1975—），男，江西省乐安县人，高级实验师，主要从事水产养殖与病害防控研究。E-mail：wzhzou@jmu.edu.cn

孟春霖（2003—），男，贵州省清镇市人，硕士研究生，主要从事水产健康养殖与药物药理研究。E-mail：202511908029@jmu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李忠琴，副教授，主要从事水产健康养殖与药物药理研究。E-mail：zhqinli@jmu.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 28
- HTML全文浏览量: 16
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-02-05
- 修回日期: 2026-05-11
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-10

Stage-Dependent Variation and Association of Microecological Diversity and Water Quality in Static Culture Systems of Hippocampus erectus

Zou Wenzheng^{1, 2
,},
Meng Chunlin^{1, 2
,},
Huang Wenshu^{1, 2},
Li Zhongqin^{1, 2
, ,},
Yang Qiuhua³

1.
College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture in the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
3.
Fujian Fisheries Research Institute, 361000, China

摘要

摘要: 线纹海马（Hippocampus erectus）是我国主要养殖海马种类之一，其转料期前后常因水体环境因子的变化引起高死亡率，但其养殖水体微生态多样性与水质状况尚未明确。本研究以转料期前后（幼苗期与成体期）两个阶段的线纹海马养殖水体为研究对象，采样测算海马生长性能指标和测定水体的水质参数；同时采用16S rRNA和18S rRNA高通量测序技术，分别对养殖水体的细菌和真核微生物的群落结构和多样性进行了比较研究；并结合多元统计方法，解析水质参数与微生态群落（以真核微生物群落、细菌群落为代表）之间的关联程度。水质参数分析发现线纹海马成体期养殖水体中氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的含量显著高于幼苗期。养殖水体的微生态多样性分析可见幼苗期光合自养型藻类为优势类群（如真眼点藻目），寡营养环境适应型细菌为优势类群（如蓝细菌纲）；转料后真核微生物结构转向耐胁迫类群（如尖尾藻属），细菌群落转变为耐氮/异养降解型（如红杆菌科、慢杆菌属等）。本研究揭示了线纹海马转料期前后养殖水体微生态群落的变化特征及其与水质因子的关联，为构建线纹海马转料期的微生态调控技术提供了理论依据与实践路径，对推动海马养殖的绿色可持续发展具有重要科学价值。
- 线纹海马 /
- 转料期 /
- 水质参数 /
- 微生态群落结构
Abstract: Hippocampus erectus is one of the major seahorse species cultured in China. However, high mortality frequently occurs during the feeding transition period, largely driven by fluctuations in water environmental factors. To date, the microecological diversity and water quality characteristics of its culture system remain poorly understood. In this study, cultivation water from H. erectus was investigated across two developmental stages surrounding the feeding transition period, namely the larval stage and adult stage. Growth performance parameters of seahorses and key physicochemical indices of water quality were systematically measured. High-throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes was employed to comparatively characterize the community structure and diversity of bacterial and eukaryotic microorganisms, respectively. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to elucidate the relationships between water quality parameters and microecological communities (represented by bacterial and eukaryotic microbial assemblages). The results showed that ammonia nitrogen (NH₃–N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO₂^-–N) concentrations were significantly higher in the adult-stage cultivation water than in the larval stage. Microecological analysis revealed that photosynthetic autotrophic algae (unclassified_Eustigmatales) and oligotrophic-adapted bacteria (unclassified_Cyanobacteriia) dominated during the larval stage. Following the feeding transition, the eukaryotic microbial community shifted toward stress-tolerant taxa (Oxyrrhis), while the bacterial community transitioned to nitrogen-tolerant and heterotrophic degrading groups (unclassified_Rhodobacteraceae, Lentibacter). These findings demonstrate a clear succession of microbial communities in response to water quality changes during the feeding transition period. This study reveals the changes in the microbial community structure of aquaculture water during the feed transition in the Hippocampus erectus and their correlations with water quality factors. The findings provide a theoretical basis and practical pathways for developing microecological regulation strategies during this period, and contribute to the sustainable development of seahorse aquaculture.
- Hippocampus erectus /
- feeding transition period /
- water quality parameters /
- microecological community structure

HTML全文

图 1 线纹海马6口养殖池微生态群落组成Venn图

Fig. 1 Venn diagram of the microbial community composition in six culture ponds of H. erectus

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 线纹海马6口养殖池微生态群落稀释性曲线

Fig. 2 Rarefaction curves of the microbial community composition in six culture ponds of H. erectus

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 线纹海马两个阶段各养殖池微生物群落组成的β多样性

Fig. 3 Beta diversity of microbial community composition in each culture pond of H. erectus at two cultivation stages

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 线纹海马两个阶段各养殖池的微生态群落门水平组成柱状图

部分门（如unclassified_Eustigmatales对应的Ochrophyta）在NCBI分类数据库中的分类注释为“无等级”，因此它们被归类到未分类的真核生物（unclassified_Eukaryota）。

Fig. 4 Bar chart of microbial community composition at the phylum level in each culture pond of H. erectus at two cultivation stages

Some phylum (unclassified_Eustigmatales corresponding to Ochrophyta) were annotated as “no rank” rather than at the phylum level in the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Therefore, these phylum were assigned to unclassified_Eukaryota during downstream taxonomic classification.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 线纹海马两个阶段养殖池的微生态群落属水平组成柱状图

Fig. 5 Bar chart of microbial community composition at the genus level in each culture pond of H. erectus at two cultivation stages

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 两个养殖阶段真核微生物差异物种进化分支图

Fig. 6 Cladogram of Eukaryotic Microorganisms differences at two cultivation stages on Cladogram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 两个养殖阶段细菌差异物种进化分支图

Fig. 7 Cladogram of bacteria differences at two cultivation stages on Cladogram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 基于db-RDA分析的各养殖池真核微生物群落与水质参数关系图

Fig. 8 Diagram of the relationship between water quality parameters and Eukaryotic Microorganisms communities in each culture pond based on db-RDA analysis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 基于db-RDA分析的各养殖池细菌群落与水质参数关系图

Fig. 9 Diagram of the relationship between water quality parameters and bacteria communities in each culture pond based on db-RDA analysis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 线纹海马的生长性状

Tab. 1 Growth traits of H. erectus

指标	A池	B池	C池	D池	E池	F池
体长/cm	2.64±0.11^b	2.37±0.10^c	3.30±0.14^a	8.97±0.61^b	7.93±0.86^c	10.39±0.63^a
体重/g	0.04±0.0037^b	0.03±0.0025^c	0.06±0.0063^a	3.05±0.61^b	2.19±0.66^c	5.10±0.75^a
注：同一行数据小写字母不同代表有显著差异（P<0.05）。Different lowercase letters within the same row indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 幼苗期线纹海马3口养殖池的水质参数

Tab. 2 Water quality parameters of three culture ponds for juvenile-stage H. erectus

水质参数	A池	B池	C池	平均值
水温/℃	23.03±0.06	23.40±0.10	23.60±0.10	23.43±0.29
pH	8.00±0.02	7.99±0.01	7.98±0.01	7.99±0.01
溶解氧/mg∙L⁻¹	5.43±0.28	5.07±0.25	5.03±0.40	5.17±0.22
电导率/mS∙cm⁻¹	51.93±0.08	52.50±0.00	52.20±0.00	52.21±0.29
盐度	35.76±0.04	35.86±0.01	35.43±0.01	35.68±0.23
氨氮/mg∙L⁻¹	0.27±0.06^b	0.27±0.08^b	0.66±0.32^a	0.40±0.23
亚硝酸盐氮/mg∙L⁻¹	0.04±0.00^b	0.17±0.00^a	0.12±0.01^a	0.11±0.07
注：同一行数据小写字母不同代表有显著差异（P<0.05）。Different lowercase letters within the same row indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 成体期线纹海马3口养殖池的水质参数

Tab. 3 Water quality parameters of three cultureponds for adult-stage H. erectus

水质参数	D池	E池	F池	平均值
水温/℃	22.60±0.06	22.50±0.10	22.60±0.06	22.54±0.04
pH	7.46±0.04	7.76±0.02	7.57±0.03	7.60±0.15
溶解氧/mg∙L⁻¹	4.49±0.11^b	5.09±0.13^a	4.33±0.32^b	4.64±0.40
电导率/mS∙cm⁻¹	45.38±0.04^b	45.39±0.01^b	51.53±0.04^a	47.43±3.54
盐度	30.97±0.03^c	31.07±0.01^b	35.74±0.01^a	32.59±2.73
氨氮/mg∙L⁻¹	2.26±0.07^b	2.09±0.03^b	3.36±0.24^a	2.57±0.69
亚硝酸盐氮/mg∙L⁻¹	1.26±0.10^a	0.21±0.00^b	1.19±0.02^a	0.89±0.59
注：同一行数据小写字母不同代表有显著差异（P<0.05）。Different lowercase letters within the same row indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 线纹海马两个养殖阶段6口养殖池真核微生物的α多样性

Tab. 4 Alpha diversity of eukaryotic microorganisms in six culture ponds of H. erectus at two cultivation stages

养殖阶段	池号	ACE	Chao1	Simpson	Shannon
幼苗期	A	387.12±38.58^a	388.29±40.75^a	0.83±0.07^a	4.08±0.50^b
	B	227.40±6.71^b	232.15±13.10^b	0.69±0.06^b	3.09±0.27^c
	C	445.27±56.67^a	450.14±62.55^a	0.94±0.02^a	5.37±0.29^a
	平均值	353.26±103.59	356.86±104.41	0.82±0.12	4.18±1.04
成体期	D	280.15±74.50	279.09±69.58	0.83±0.00^c	3.62±0.13^c
	E	372.43±52.42	373.82±48.97	0.96±0.01^a	5.87±0.55^a
	F	339.77±47.97	342.75±45.43	0.92±0.01^b	4.85±0.31^b
	平均值	330.78±65.51	331.89±63.84	0.91±0.06	4.78±1.03
注：同一列数据小写字母不同代表同一养殖阶段不同养殖池有显著差异（P<0.05），同一列数据大写字母不同代表两个养殖阶段平均值有显著差异（P<0.05）；ACE、Chao1反映物种丰富度（值越高，物种数量越多）；Simpson指数反映优势物种主导程度（值越低，优势越明显）；Shannon指数综合丰富度与均匀度，反映群落稳定性（值越高，稳定性越强）。Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences among culture tanks at the same rearing stage (P < 0.05), while different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between mean values of two culture stages (P < 0.05); ACE and Chao1 reflect species richness (higher values indicate a greater number of species); the Simpson index reflects the degree of dominance by dominant species (lower values indicate more pronounced dominance); the Shannon index integrates richness and evenness to reflect community stability (higher values indicate stronger stability).

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 线纹海马两个养殖阶段6口养殖池细菌的α多样性

Tab. 5 Alpha diversity of bacteria in six culture ponds of H. erectus at two cultivation stages

养殖阶段	池号	ACE	Chao1	Simpson	Shannon
幼苗期	A	1332.16±485.18	1324.84±487.39	0.95±0.04	6.99±1.41
	B	1083.64±215.10	1080.31±214.10	0.95±0.04	7.08±0.84
	C	1024.31±47.96	1018.02±48.65	0.99±0.00	7.35±0.12
	平均值	1146.71±301.66^A	1141.06±301.94^A	0.96±0.03	7.14±0.84
成体期	D	975.40±92.42^a	966.59±93.62^a	0.96±0.01^ab	6.34±0.32^b
	E	989.95±133.90^a	985.56±136.30^a	0.98±0.00^a	7.36±0.54^a
	F	690.49±44.76^b	685.31±44.55^b	0.94±0.02^b	5.69±0.31^b
	平均值	885.28±168.82^B	879.15±168.92^B	0.96±0.02	6.47±0.81
注：同一列数据小写字母不同代表同一养殖阶段不同养殖池有显著差异（P<0.05），同一列数据大写字母不同代表两个养殖阶段平均值有显著差异（P<0.05）；ACE、Chao1反映物种丰富度（值越高，物种数量越多）；Simpson指数反映优势物种主导程度（值越低，优势越明显）；Shannon指数综合丰富度与均匀度，反映群落稳定性（值越高，稳定性越强；。Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences among culture tanks at the same rearing stage (P < 0.05), while different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between mean values of two culture stages (P < 0.05); ACE and Chao1 reflect species richness (higher values indicate a greater number of species); the Simpson index reflects the degree of dominance by dominant species (lower values indicate more pronounced dominance); the Shannon index integrates richness and evenness to reflect community stability (higher values indicate stronger stability).

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(47)

[1]	CITES. Seahorses and other members of the family Syngnathidae (decision 12. 54)[R]. Report of the working group. AC20 Doc. 17. Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (CITES), twentieth meeting of the animals committee Johannesbur (South Africa), 2004. (查阅网上资料, 未找到本条文献信息, 请确认)
[2]	Qin Geng, Zhang Yanhong, Huang Liangmin, et al. Effects of water current on swimming performance, ventilation frequency, and feeding behavior of young seahorses (Hippocampus erectus)[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2014, 461: 337−343. doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.09.001
[3]	陈海生. 线纹海马工厂化人工繁育与养殖技术[J]. 中国水产, 2025(1): 27−29. Chen Haisheng. Factory-scale artificial breeding and cultivation technology of Hippocampus erectus[J]. China Fisheries, 2025(1): 27−29. (查阅网上资料, 未找到本条文献英文信息, 请确认)
[4]	张辉, 赵润怀, 段金廒, 等. 《中国药典》2020年版药用动物养殖研究进展与对策[J]. 中国现代中药, 2022, 24(9): 1603−1611. Zhang Hui, Zhao Runhuai, Duan Jin’ao, et al. Research progress and countermeasures of medicinal animal breeding in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition)[J]. Modern Chinese Medicine, 2022, 24(9): 1603−1611.
[5]	黄佳欣. 线纹海马(Hippocampus erectus)对关键饵料及环境因子的分子响应特征研究[D]. 天津: 天津农学院, 2020. Huang Jiaxin. Studies of molecular responses of Lined seahorses, Hippocampus erectus, to essentialfoods and environmental factors[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin Agricultural University, 2020.
[6]	李锋, 罗伟, 黄良民, 等. 线纹海马(Hippocampus erectus)不同养殖密度下水体理化因子和细菌数量的动态变化[J]. 广东农业科学, 2015, 42(2): 114−120. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2015.02.023 Li Feng, Luo Wei, Huang Liangmin, et al. Dynamic variation of physicochemical factors and bacteria under different stocking densities of Hippocampus erectus[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 42(2): 114−120. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2015.02.023
[7]	吕军仪, 孙燕燕, 李秉记, 等. 有益微生物在大海马健康养殖中的应用研究[J]. 中国水产科学, 2003, 10(1): 46−50. Lv Junyi, Sun Yanyan, Li Bingji, et al. Application of profitable microbe in healthy cultivation of Hippocampus kuda[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2003, 10(1): 46−50.
[8]	Kapdan I K, Kargi F. Bio-hydrogen production from waste materials[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2006, 38(5): 569−582. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.09.015
[9]	张继红, 任丹丹, 姜玉声, 等. 微藻营养价值及其在水产生物营养强化中的应用[J]. 食品工业科技, 2016, 37(20): 371−376. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2016.20.066 Zhang Jihong, Ren Dandan, Jiang Yusheng, et al. Microalgae in aquaculture: a reviewto nutritional value and rotifers enrichment[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2016, 37(20): 371−376. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2016.20.066
[10]	罗辉玉, 吴水清, 郑乐云, 等. 溶解氧对线纹海马幼鱼氨氮耐受性的影响及氨氮胁迫下鳃、肝脏组织结构的变化[J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(3): 872−879. doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202003.034 Luo Huiyu, Wu Shuiqing, Zheng Leyun, et al. Effects of dissolved oxygen on tolerance of juvenile Hippocampus erectus to ammonia-N and histopathology of gill and liver under ammonia-N stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2020, 39(3): 872−879. doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202003.034
[11]	Lin Qiang, Lin Junda, Huang Liangmin. Effects of light intensity, stocking density and temperature on the air‐bubble disease, survivorship and growth of early juvenile seahorse Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2010, 42(1): 91−98. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02573.x
[12]	苏怡, 高保燕, 黄罗冬, 等. 不同氮源及氮浓度对真眼点藻纲微藻生长及油脂积累的影响[J]. 水生生物学报, 2017, 41(3): 677−691. Su Yi, Gao Baoyan, Huang Luodong, et al. Effects of different nitrogen source and concentration supplies on the growth and lipid accumulation of eustgmatophycean microalgae[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2017, 41(3): 677−691.
[13]	Huber P, De Angelis D, Sarmento H, et al. Global distribution, diversity, and ecological niche of Picozoa, a widespread and enigmatic marine protist lineage[J]. Microbiome, 2024, 12(1): 162. doi: 10.1186/s40168-024-01874-1
[14]	刘敏. 基于基因组学的假交替单胞菌属不同种的多糖降解和代谢途径的比较研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2017. Liu Min. Genomic insights into polysaccharides degradation and metabolic pathways of different species in Pseudoalteromonas genus[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2017.
[15]	焦念志, 杨燕辉. 中国海原绿球藻研究[J]. 科学通报, 2002, 47(7): 485-491. Jiao Nianzhi, Yang Yanhui. Ecological studies on Prochlorococcus in China seas[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002, 47(15): 1243-1250.
[16]	王建艳, 何建宗, 齐雨藻, 等. 甲藻(Dinophyta)凯伦藻科(Kareniaceae)的分类学研究与展望[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2017, 48(4): 786−797. Wang Jianyan, He Jianzong, Qi Yuzao, et al. Progress in taxonomy study on Kareniaceae (Dinophyta)[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2017, 48(4): 786−797.
[17]	朱超, 孙逊, 杨晓冉, 等. 巢湖浮游植物群落季节动态变化特征及其影响因素[J]. 中国环境监测, 2024, 40(4): 129−142. doi: 10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2024.04.14 Zhu Chao, Sun Xun, Yang Xiaoran, et al. Study on the seasonal succession of phytoplankton community and its driving factors in Chaohu Lake[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2024, 40(4): 129−142. doi: 10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2024.04.14
[18]	常洪淼. 金藻和小球藻在虹鳟饲料中的应用研究[D]. 大连: 大连海洋大学, 2022. Chang Hongmiao. Study on Poterioochromonas malhamensis and Chlorella sorokiniana in the diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[D]. Dalian: Dalian Ocean University, 2022.
[19]	刘雨佳, 唐保军, 魏涛, 等. 不同形态金藻对菲律宾蛤仔幼虫生长发育的影响[J]. 海洋科学, 2024, 48(9): 44−51. Liu Yujia, Tang Baojun, Wei Tao, et al. Effects of different forms of Isochrysis galbana on the growth and development of Ruditapes philippinarum larvae[J]. Marine Sciences, 2024, 48(9): 44−51.
[20]	李亚峰, 李旭光, 单连斌, 等. 不同填料对AA-MBBR系统处理效果及菌群多样性影响[J]. 工业水处理, 2019, 39(1): 73−77. Li Yafeng, Li Xuguang, Shan Lianbin, et al. Influence of different fillers on the treatment effect and flora diversity of AA-MBBR systems[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2019, 39(1): 73−77.
[21]	Bilal M, Ashraf S S, Barceló D, et al. Biocatalytic degradation/redefining “removal” fate of pharmaceutically active compounds and antibiotics in the aquatic environment[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 691: 1190−1211. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.224
[22]	Hahnke S, Giebel H A, Freese H M, et al. Biogeography of Lentibacter algarum, description of a new strain isolated from the North Sea and emended genus and species descriptions[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2024, 74(7): 006472. (查阅网上资料, 不确定本条文献页码是否正确, 请确认)
[23]	Cao Haipeng, Zhang Shumeng, An Jian, et al. Rhodobacter azotoformans supplementation improves defense ability of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis against citrobacteriosis[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2022, 131: 991−998. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.012
[24]	Chiu H C, Sun Xiaoshuang, Bao Yinli, et al. Molecular identification of Colpodella sp. of South China tiger Panthera tigris amoyensis (Hilzheimer) in the Meihua Mountains, Fujian, China[J]. Folia Parasitologica, 2022, 69: 019. doi: 10.14411/fp.2022.019
[25]	Ahadi R, Bouket A C, Alizadeh A, et al. Globisporangium tabrizense sp. nov. , Globisporangium mahabadense sp. nov. , and Pythium bostanabadense sp. nov. (Oomycota), three new species from Iranian aquatic environments[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14(1): 31701.
[26]	李营, 王波, 张培玉, 等. 哈维氏弧菌引起的条纹海马表皮溃疡综合征的研究[J]. 水产学报, 2019, 43(5): 1298−1307. doi: 10.11964/jfc.20180611339 Li Ying, Wang Bo, Zhang Peiyu, et al. Research on epidermis ulcer syndrome caused by Vibrio harveyi in Hippocampus erectus[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2019, 43(5): 1298−1307. doi: 10.11964/jfc.20180611339
[27]	王春忠, 孙富林, 侯代云, 等. 基于浒苔暴发海水池塘的微生物生态特征研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2017, 39(4): 107−116. Wang Chunzhi, Sun Fulin, Hou Daiyun, et al. Study on the microbial characteristics of seawater pond based on Enteromorpha bloom[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2017, 39(4): 107−116.
[28]	刘文军, 尚东维, 于小涵, 等. 线纹海马副溶血弧菌的分离鉴定及药物筛选[J]. 天津农学院学报, 2022, 29(1): 52−56,60. doi: 10.19640/j.cnki.jtau.2022.01.011 Liu Wenjun, Shang Dongwei, Yu Xiaohan, et al. Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Hippocampus erectus[J]. Journal of Tianjin Agricultural University, 2022, 29(1): 52−56,60. doi: 10.19640/j.cnki.jtau.2022.01.011
[29]	Nilajkar S, Gauns M, Pratihary A, et al. Phytoplankton community in contrasting hydrological features of the tropical meandering river Chapora, Central West Coast of India[J]. Estuaries and Coasts, 2025, 48(2): 50. doi: 10.1007/s12237-024-01481-1
[30]	Saló V, Simó R, Vila-Costa M, et al. Sulfur assimilation by Oxyrrhis marina feeding on a ³⁵S-DMSP-labelled prey[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2009, 11(12): 3063−3072. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02011.x
[31]	Hantzsche F M, Boersma M. Dietary-induced responses in the phagotrophic flagellate Oxyrrhis marina[J]. Marine Biology, 2010, 157(7): 1641−1651. doi: 10.1007/s00227-010-1437-1
[32]	Rekik A, Kmiha-Megdiche S, Drira Z, et al. Spatial variations of planktonic ciliates, predator-prey interactions and their environmental drivers in the Gulf of Gabes-Boughrara lagoon system[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2021, 254: 107315. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107315
[33]	Wang Haohao, Liu Jiahui, Guo Yifan, et al. Taxonomic, genomic, and ecological insights into a novel Flavobacteriaceae strain from coastal tidal flats[J]. BMC Microbiology, 2025, 25(1): 344. doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-04069-2
[34]	Balcázar J L, Planas M, Pintado J. Mycobacterium hippocampi sp. nov. , a rapidly growing scotochromogenic species isolated from a seahorse with tail rot[J]. Current Microbiology, 2014, 69(3): 329-333.
[35]	胡东, 王丽萍, 赵苒, 等. 福建漳浦凡纳滨对虾海水养殖中后期水体细菌群落多样性分析[J]. 海洋学报, 2017, 39(8): 89−98. Hu Dong, Wang Liping, Zhao Ran, et al. The diversity changes of bacterial community in mariculture water of Litopenasus vannamei at Zhangpu, Fujian Province[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2017, 39(8): 89−98.
[36]	Zalizniak V E, Zolotov O A. Mathematical model of closed microecosystem “algae–heterotrophic bacteria”[J]. Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics, 2024, 19(1): 96−111. doi: 10.17537/2024.19.96
[37]	朱俊鹏, 陆根海, 施永海, 等. 氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对美洲鲥幼鱼的急性胁迫研究[J]. 水产养殖, 2024, 45(6): 24−29. Zhu Junpeng, Lu Genhai, Shi Yonghai, et al. Ammonia and nitrite acute stress test on the Alosa Sapidissima larvae[J]. Journal of Aquaculture, 2024, 45(6): 24−29.
[38]	Long Jinnan, Cui Yanting, Wang Renjie, et al. Combined effects of high salinity and ammonia-N exposure on the energy metabolism, immune response, oxidative resistance and ammonia metabolism of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Aquaculture Reports, 2021, 20: 100648. doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100648
[39]	Lewis W M Jr, Morris D P. Toxicity of nitrite to fish: a review[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 1986, 115(2): 183−195.
[40]	Kır M, Kumlu M, Eroldoğan O T. Effects of temperature on acute toxicity of ammonia to Penaeus semisulcatus juveniles[J]. Aquaculture, 2004, 241(1/4): 479−489, doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.05.003
[41]	刘立明, 王爱敏, 王勇强, 等. 温度和体质量对仿刺参消化道排空时间和排便量的影响[J]. 海洋科学, 2013, 37(9): 43−48. Liu Liming, Wang Aimin, Wang Yongqiang, et al. Influence of temperature and body weight on the emptying time of digestive duct and feces quantity of Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)[J]. Marine Sciences, 2013, 37(9): 43−48.
[42]	Hu Zhangxi, Mulholland M R, Duan Shunshan, et al. Effects of nitrogen supply and its composition on the growth of Prorocentrum donghaiense[J]. Harmful Algae, 2012, 13: 72−82. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.004
[43]	安鑫龙, 李雪梅, 宫春光. 海洋尖尾藻的生态特征[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2013, 22(3): 364−369. An Xinlong, Li Xuemei, Gong Chunguang. Research progress on ecological characteristics of Oxyrrhis marina[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2013, 22(3): 364−369.
[44]	Greenwold M J, Cunningham B R, Lachenmyer E M, et al. Diversification of light capture ability was accompanied by the evolution of phycobiliproteins in cryptophyte algae[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019, 286(1902): 20190655. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0655
[45]	王婷. 两株溶杆菌属细菌(Lysobacter spp. )的次生代谢产物及活性研究[D]. 昆明: 云南大学, 2019. Wang Ting. Studies on the secondary metabolites and activities of two strains from the genus Lysobacter[D]. Kunming: Yunnan University, 2019.
[46]	张智超, 孙宏, 吴逸飞, 等. 基于PCR-DGGE技术辅助筛选氨氮降解菌株[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2017, 29(2): 286−291. Zhang Zhichao, Sun Hong, Wu Yifei, et al. PCR-DGGE assisted selection of ammonia degrading bacteria[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2017, 29(2): 286−291.
[47]	Svercel M, Saladin B, van Moorsel S J, et al. Antagonistic interactions between filamentous heterotrophs and the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum[J]. BMC Research Notes, 2011, 4(1): 357. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-357