2018年南黄海浒苔绿潮发展规律及氮组分的作用探究

张海波; 王爽; 尹航; 沙珍霞; 石晓勇; 苏荣国; 裴绍峰; 王国善; 麻银萍

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.005

2018年南黄海浒苔绿潮发展规律及氮组分的作用探究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.005

张海波^1,,
王爽¹,
尹航²,
沙珍霞³,
石晓勇^{1, 4},
苏荣国^1, ,,
裴绍峰⁵,
王国善³,
麻银萍¹

1.
中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266100
2.
纽约州立大学石溪分校海洋与大气学院，纽约 11790
3.
青岛大学生命科学学院，山东青岛 266071
4.
自然资源部海洋减灾中心，北京 100194
5.
中国地质调查局滨海湿地生物地质重点实验室，山东青岛 266071

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2016YFC1402101）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项（201961011）；国家海洋局海洋减灾中心科研项目（2014AA060）；国家自然科学基金（41306175）。

详细信息

作者简介:
张海波（1990—），男，山东省枣庄市人，博士，主要从事海洋富营养化、近海生态环境演变研究。E-mail：zhanghb1990@163.com

通讯作者:
苏荣国，男，教授，主要从事海洋环境化学过程及风险评估研究，浮游藻荧光分类技术研究。E-mail：surongguo@ouc.edu.cn

中图分类号: X55；Q178.53；P76
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-31
- 修回日期: 2020-06-02
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-25

The development of Ulva prolifera green tide and the roles of nitrogen nutrients in it in the southern Yellow Sea in 2018

1.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2.
School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, State University of New York, New York 11790, USA
3.
College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
4.
National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100194, China
5.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China

摘要

摘要: 根据2018年南黄海漂浮态浒苔(Ulva prolifera)绿潮规模卫星监测数据以及春、夏季(4月和7月，绿潮前后)水文环境要素和氮营养盐等数据，对2018年绿潮发展规律及不同氮组分在其中的作用进行分析。结果表明：浒苔于4月25日在江苏南通近海首次发现，随后其向北漂移增殖扩展在6月29日达到最大规模，8月中旬消失。绿潮漂移区域集中在122°E以西近海并呈现两个明显的发展阶段：35°N以南江苏近海绿潮快速增殖阶段和35°N以北山东半岛外海域绿潮聚积衰退阶段。各氮营养盐组分受径流输入、冷水团以及生物活动等因素影响，呈现明显的区域和季节特征。不同绿潮阶段受氮营养盐影响不同，绿潮快速增殖阶段，丰富的氮营养盐(总溶解氮(TDN)>20 μmol/L和溶解无机氮(DIN)>20 μmol/L)是浒苔藻快速繁殖生长的物质基础，此阶段为整个绿潮发展提供了主要的氮支撑且以DIN为主要形态。绿潮聚积衰退阶段，较低的可利用氮(DIN<2 μmol/L和尿素(urea-N)<1.5 μmol/L)不利于浒苔藻持续繁殖生长，此阶段内有机氮(如urea-N)在绿潮后期的氮支撑中起到重要作用。
- 绿潮 /
- 发展阶段 /
- 氮来源 /
- 尿素 /
- 南黄海 /
- 浒苔
Abstract: Based on the daily satellite monitoring data of floating green tides, and the nitrogen nutrients and hydrological environment parameters were collected in spring (April, before green tides) and summer (July, later stage of green tides) cruises in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) in 2018, we studied the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the green tides, and the role of nitrogen nutrients in it. The results showed that the small U. prolifera patches were firstly observed in shallow waters off Nantong, Jiangsu Province on April 25, then floated northward and reached its maximum scale on the June 29, followed by decomposition and disappearance in the coast of Shandong Peninsula in the mid-August. The trajectory area of floating green tides was mainly located in the western of 122°E in the SYS, and showed two distinguishable development phases, the rapid growth phase in the south of 35°N, nearshore area of Jiangsu, and the decline phase in the north of 35°N, offshore area of Shandong Peninsula. The nitrogen nutrient components showed regional and seasonal variations, influenced by the freshwater influx, cold water masses, biological activity and other factors. The effects of nitrogen components were different in different development phases of green tides. The rich nitrogen nutrients from a variety of sources (total dissdved nitrogen (TDN) >20 μmol/L and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) >20 μmol/L) provided sufficient nitrogen for the development of green tides in the dominated form of DIN, and contributed to the fast reproduction and growth of U. prolifera in the rapid growth phase. While the U. prolifera showed a higher affinity for DON in the decline phase area, the urea-N become main nitrogen source for the development of green tides because of the poor bioavailable nitrogen content (DIN<2 μmol/L and urea-N<1.5 μmol/L) condition, which would limit the continuous growth of U. prolifera.
- green tides /
- development phases /
- nitrogen sources /
- urea-N /
- southern Yellow Sea /
- Ulva prolifera

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图 1 南黄海研究区域洋流系统（a）及站位设置（b, c）

1. 鲁北沿岸流；2. 黄海沿岸流和苏北沿岸流；3. 长江冲淡水−台湾暖流；4. 黄海暖流；5. 青岛冷水团(春季)；6. 黄海冷水团(夏季、秋季)；A. 苏北沿岸径流

Fig. 1 The current system (a) and sampling stations (b, c) in the study area of the southern Yellow Sea

1. Lubei Coastal Current; 2. Yellow Sea Coastal Current and Subei Coastal Current; 3. Changjiang Diluted Water and Taiwan Warm Current; 4. Yellow Sea Warm Current；5. Qingdao Cold Water Mass (spring)；6. Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (summer, autumn); A. Subei Coastal Diluted Water

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图 2 2018年南黄海漂浮浒苔绿潮发展变化特征

Fig. 2 The development of floating U. prolifera green tide in the southern Yellow Sea in 2018

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图 3 春季（2018年4月绿潮暴发前）南黄海不同氮营养盐组分的分布特征

Fig. 3 Horizontal distributions of nitrogen nutrients in the southern Yellow Sea in spring (April 2018, before green tides)

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图 4 2018年南黄海调查区域春、夏季氮营养盐结构特征

百分数表示占TDN的百分比

Fig. 4 The seasonal variations of nitrogen nutrients in the study area of the southern Yellow Sea in spring and summer 2018

The percentages represent single composition vs. TDN

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图 5 2017−2018年江苏近岸主要入海径流尿素含量逐月变化

Fig. 5 The monthly variations of urea-N in main rivers estuaries along Jiangsu coast from 2017 to 2018

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图 6 夏季（2018年7月绿潮后期）南黄海不同氮营养盐组分的分布特征

Fig. 6 Horizontal distributions of nitrogen nutrients in the southern Yellow Sea in summer (July 2018, later of green tides)

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表 2 调查海域浒苔暴发前后浒苔漂移区域与非浒苔区域表层营养盐浓度变化

Tab. 2 The variations of nitrogen nutrients in the different phases of green tides in the surface layer of the study area

	浒苔漂移海域(122°E以西)								非浒苔漂移海域
	122°E以西		35°N以南快速增殖区 (36 000 km²)			35°N以北聚积衰退区 (24 000 km²)			122°E以东
	2018年4月	2018年7月		2018年4月	2018年7月		2018年4月	2018年7月	2018年4月	2018年7月
样品量/ind.	33	33		25	24		8	9	27	29
T/℃	11.80±3.30	23.84±1.09		13.34±1.99	23.63±1.03		7.00±1.10	24.41±1.09	9.58±1.52	26.28±1.34
S	31.03±1.39	30.28±1.19		30.61±1.35	30.01±1.26		32.34±0.07	31.00±0.48	32.56±0.48	31.00±1.37
TSP/mg·L⁻¹	125.04±100.12	60.66±41.23		159.28±91.24	82.71±30.84		18.03±2.31	14.13±2.54	38.44±38.49	18.08±13.89
${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N/μmol·L⁻¹	14.52±14.19	8.46±7.38		18.98±13.51	11.25±6.75		0.59±1.11	1.01±1.11	5.37±3.99	3.72±5.18
${\rm {NO}}_2^- $-N/μmol·L⁻¹	0.15±0.09	0.38±0.27		0.18±0.08	0.46±0.25		0.04±0.03	0.17±0.21	0.13±0.09	0.38±0.42
${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $-N/μmol·L⁻¹	1.05±0.64	1.43±0.97		1.00±0.69	1.72±0.97		1.20±0.46	0.67±0.39	0.79±0.41	1.05±1.11
DIN/μmol·L⁻¹	15.72±14.23	10.27±7.78		20.16±13.60	13.43±6.74		1.83±1.15	1.83±1.24	6.28±3.94	5.12±6.38
DON/μmol·L⁻¹	5.73±2.42	7.17±2.57		5.32±2.35	7.57±2.85		6.96±2.35	6.08±1.10	5.47±1.92	4.93±1.86
TDN/μmol·L⁻¹	21.85±13.81	17.48±8.67		26.21±13.23	21.07±7.37		8.79±3.06	7.91±1.70	11.75±4.44	10.05±6.63
urea-N/μmol·L⁻¹	0.97±0.59	1.24±0.60		0.81±0.54	1.52±0.41		1.47±0.45	0.63±0.48	1.25±0.78	0.86±0.75

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表 1 调查海域春、夏季温度、盐度，以及氮营养盐组分浓度

Tab. 1 Salinity, temperature and nitrogen nutrients in the study area of the southern Yellow Sea during spring and summer cruises

	2018年4月
	整体	表层	中层	底层	沿岸水	冷水团	黄海暖流
特征	−	−	−	−	S<30	T<6.98	S>33
样品量/个	−	59	59	59	8	19	17
T/℃	9.21±2.60	10.77±2.87	8.06±1.51	7.96±1.58	14.11±1.20	5.64±0.92	9.38±1.11
S	32.19±1.04	31.71±1.33	32.55±0.44	32.6±0.50	29.12±0.90	32.36±0.08	33.28±0.25
TSP/mg·L⁻¹	70.42±85.14	85.14±89.78	51.87±74.19	70.46±90.06	106.75±17.12	17.99±2.54	32.15±27.61
${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N/μmol·L⁻¹	7.61±8.75	10.48±11.8	4.72±3.71	5.75±3.94	33.77±10.59	1.16±1.18	5.91±1.41
${\rm {NO}}_2^- $-N/μmol·L⁻¹	0.14±0.10	0.14±0.09	0.15±0.10	0.15±0.11	0.20±0.04	0.07±0.05	0.22±0.11
${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $-N/μmol·L⁻¹	1.11±0.66	0.94±0.56	1.19±0.73	1.30±0.69	1.18±1.00	1.65±0.50	0.70±0.34
DIN/μmol·L⁻¹	8.86±8.71	11.56±11.88	6.06±3.57	7.21±3.79	35.15±10.58	2.89±1.35	6.83±1.45
DON/μmol·L⁻¹	5.30±2.30	5.62±2.20	5.08±1.91	5.30±2.72	4.44±1.34	7.20±2.27	4.16±1.20
TDN/μmol·L⁻¹	14.16±8.83	17.33±11.75	17.52±11.56	18.48±11.36	41.27±10.88	9.86±2.54	10.99±1.75
urea-N/μmol·L⁻¹	1.28±0.72	1.11±0.69	1.40±0.79	1.42±0.66	0.74±0.45	1.99±0.59	1.18±0.62

	2018年7月
	整体	表层	真光层	中层	底层	沿岸水	冷水团
特征	−	−	−	−	−	S<30	T<14
样品量/个	−	61	35	39	61	15	43
T/℃	20.20±6.85	25.00±1.73	23.69±3.35	16.32±6.29	14.23±6.98	24.79±1.64	9.84±1.72
S	31.63±1.26	30.6±1.32	31.69±0.65	32.44±0.61	32.47±0.55	28.66±0.82	32.7±0.24
TSP/mg·L⁻¹	27.46±24.99	38.56±37.13	19.76±8.88	19.88±8.23	25.32±12.53	70.98±47.07	19.39±4.15
${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N/μmol·L⁻¹	4.85±5.29	6.18±6.87	3.02±3.93	3.88±3.86	5.67±3.62	15.18±6.03	4.37±3.08
${\rm {NO}}_2^- $-N/μmol·L⁻¹	0.39±0.47	0.37±0.34	0.51±0.62	0.46±0.57	0.46±0.54	0.45±0.32	0.13±0.15
${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $-N/μmol·L⁻¹	0.87±0.82	1.25±1.05	0.75±0.54	0.61±0.48	0.66±0.57	1.82±1.41	0.50±0.46
DIN/μmol·L⁻¹	6.09±5.92	7.79±7.60	4.23±4.75	4.95±4.47	6.78±3.94	17.45±6.32	5.00±2.93
DON/μmol·L⁻¹	4.83±2.49	6.12±2.53	4.68±2.22	3.96±2.29	3.55±1.94	6.38±2.45	4.00±2.06
TDN/μmol·L⁻¹	10.93±6.27	13.93±8.63	8.91±3.46	8.91±3.23	10.33±3.25	23.83±7.82	9.00±2.33
urea-N/μmol·L⁻¹	0.84±0.57	1.05±0.70	0.73±0.41	0.77±0.43	1.05±0.74	1.57±0.86	0.77±0.54
注：−表示无数据。

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