Seasonal variations and controlling mechanisms of the carbonate system in Xiaohai Lagoon

Zhuang Ya; Wang Yang; Quan Xin; Zhao Huade; Su Jianzhong

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Zhuang Ya，Wang Yang，Quan Xin, et al. Seasonal variations and controlling mechanisms of the carbonate system in Xiaohai Lagoon[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(x)：1–18

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Zhuang Ya，Wang Yang，Quan Xin, et al. Seasonal variations and controlling mechanisms of the carbonate system in Xiaohai Lagoon[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(x)：1–18

Citation:

Zhuang Ya，Wang Yang，Quan Xin, et al. Seasonal variations and controlling mechanisms of the carbonate system in Xiaohai Lagoon[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(x)：1–18

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Seasonal variations and controlling mechanisms of the carbonate system in Xiaohai Lagoon

Zhuang Ya^{1, 2
,},
Wang Yang^{1, 2},
Quan Xin^{1, 3},
Zhao Huade¹,
Su Jianzhong^{1, 4
,
,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
2.
School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
3.
School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
4.
School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China

Received Date: 2024-11-20
Rev Recd Date: 2025-02-24

Available Online: 2025-04-24

Abstract

Abstract

We conducted two surveys on the carbonate system in Xiaohai, the largest lagoon on Hainan Island, during April and October 2023. The aims were to evaluate the seasonal differences in riverine inorganic carbon export flux, air-sea carbon dioxide (CO₂) flux, and coastal acidification as well as their controlling mechanisms. The results indicate that the surrounding major rivers deliver 0.682×10⁹ mol dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), 0.571×10⁹ mol total alkalinity, and 0.195×10⁹ mol calcium ions to Xiaohai Lagoon annually, and multiple factors result in a high DIC areal yield among other estuaries around the world (47/134). The lagoon water was a CO₂ source in April, but turned into a sink in October, with an annual mean CO₂ flux (0.9 mol·m⁻²·yr⁻¹) significantly lower than most tropical lagoons worldwide. In April, some acidification events occurred in the southeastern lagoon and the northern tidal channel. In October, strong photosynthesis by benthic seagrass, macroalgae, and phytoplankton alleviated estuarine acidification, resulting in a supersaturation of dissolved oxygen (107%−136%), a deficit of partial pressure of CO₂ as low as 116 μatm, and an elevated pH (8.41±0.14) significantly higher than the offshore seawater. Our study will provide scientific support for the carbon cycle in tropical lagoons and ecological environment management in Xiaohai Lagoon.
- tropical lagoon,
- carbonate system,
- riverine export flux,
- CO₂ flux,
- coastal acidification,
- blue carbon ecosystems

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References(75)

References

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