Strength and control factors of carbon source/sinks in the China margin seas

Song Jinming; Yuan Huamao; Li Xuegang; Qu Baoxiao; Zhong Guorong; Xing Jianwei; Ma Jun; Duan Liqin; Wang Qidong; Dai Jiajia; Liu Shanshan

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Song Jinming，Yuan Huamao，Li Xuegang, et al. Strength and control factors of carbon source/sinks in the China margin seas[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(x)：1–14

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Song Jinming，Yuan Huamao，Li Xuegang, et al. Strength and control factors of carbon source/sinks in the China margin seas[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(x)：1–14

Citation:

Song Jinming，Yuan Huamao，Li Xuegang, et al. Strength and control factors of carbon source/sinks in the China margin seas[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(x)：1–14

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Strength and control factors of carbon source/sinks in the China margin seas

Song Jinming^{1, 2, 3
,
,},
Yuan Huamao^{1, 2, 3},
Li Xuegang^{1, 2, 3},
Qu Baoxiao^{1, 2, 3},
Zhong Guorong¹,
Xing Jianwei^{1, 2, 3},
Ma Jun^{1, 2, 3},
Duan Liqin^{1, 2, 3},
Wang Qidong^{1, 2, 3},
Dai Jiajia^{1, 2, 3},
Liu Shanshan¹

1.
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, China
2.
Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received Date: 2024-12-27
Rev Recd Date: 2025-03-28

Available Online: 2025-04-24

Abstract

Abstract

Research based on observation and machine learning shows that the average annual carbon sink intensity of the China marginal seas (Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea) is −10.2±4.4 TgC/a. The Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the northern region of the South China Sea absorb atmospheric CO₂, while the Bohai Sea, the southern South China Sea and the Yangtze River Estuary release CO₂ into the atmosphere. The East China Sea carbon sinks are the strongest, with an average flux of −10.5±4.5 TgC/a, and the Yellow Sea carbon sinks are relatively small, −2.1±0.9 TgC/a. The smallest carbon source appeared in the Bohai Sea is +0.3±0.1 TgC/a, while the largest carbon source intensity appeared in the South China Sea is +2.0±0.9 TgC/a. According to seasonal change, the carbon sink intensity in winter is the highest in the China margin seas, with −45.7±19.7 TgC/a, and weaker in spring, at −16.9±7.3 TgC/a. In summer and autumn, China's marginal seas as a whole are carbon sources, with an average of +11.9±5.1 TgC/a and +9.9±4.3 TgC/a respectively. The average uncertainty of carbon source sink strength in China marginal seas is ±43.0% (±4.4 TgC a⁻¹) in the estimation results of constructing lattiness data based on observation data and machine learning, which is 47.5% of the reduced uncertainty less than 90.5% of the average uncertainty by only regional observation data. The difference of P_CO2 at the sea-air interface and the difference in the CO₂ exchange rate caused by wind speed are the key controlling factors of carbon source/sink in the China marginal seas. In fact, they are controlled by the basic factors and processes such as hydrodynamics, land-based source input, plankton communities and ocean-shelf transportation.
- carbon source/sink strength,
- carbon dioxide flux across the sea-air interface,
- control factors,
- China marginal seas

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