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Volume 41 Issue 3
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Article Navigation >  Haiyang Xuebao  > 2019  >  41(3): 106-120
Zhang Tiansheng, Wu Ziyin, Zhao Dineng, Li Shoujun, Shang Jihong, Gao Jinyao, Zhou Jieqiong, Liu Yang, Zhu Chao, Lu Haohao. The morphologies and genesis of pockmarks in the Reed Basin, South China Sea[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2019, 41(3): 106-120. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.03.011
Citation: Zhang Tiansheng, Wu Ziyin, Zhao Dineng, Li Shoujun, Shang Jihong, Gao Jinyao, Zhou Jieqiong, Liu Yang, Zhu Chao, Lu Haohao. The morphologies and genesis of pockmarks in the Reed Basin, South China Sea[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2019, 41(3): 106-120. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.03.011
shu

The morphologies and genesis of pockmarks in the Reed Basin, South China Sea

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.03.011
  • 1.

    Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China;Key Laboratory of the Sub-marine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China

  • 2.

    Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China;Key Laboratory of the Sub-marine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China;School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

  • 3.

    Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China;Key Laboratory of the Sub-marine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China;College of Geomrtics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China

  • 4.

    Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China;Key Laboratory of the Sub-marine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China;School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

  • Received Date: 2018-02-28
  • Rev Recd Date: 2018-05-10
    Abstract
  • This paper systematically identified the submarine pockmarks in the southern depression of the Reed Basin in the South China Sea for the first time, based on high-resolution multi-beam bathymetric data and sub-bottom profiles. A total of 81 pockmarks have been identified, and the maximum diameter of them reaches almost 2.4 km, and the maximum depth is 154 m. The types of pockmarks are various: they can be divided into circular, elliptical, elongated and crescent pockmarks based on plane shape; they also fall into isolated pockmarks, pockmark chains and pockmark complex based on their distribution; and they can be divided into normal pockmarks and mega-pockmarks according to their diameters as well. A number of large-scale submarine canyons have been developed in the study area. Canyon erosion has caused instability of stratigraphy in both sides that accelerates the collapse of gas hydrate. Leaked gas has been ejected from the seabed along faults or gas chimneys to form pockmarks. Meanwhile, the turbidity currents, generated by mixing the eroded sediments during the formation of pockmarks with the surrounding water, to a certain extent, have promoted the downward extension of the submarine canyons. The plane shape of the isolated pockmarks in the study area presents in circular or elliptical, then have evolved into elongated or crescent with the influence of gravity flows and canyon erosion, and finally some of them have been merged with each other to form pockmark complex. The pockmark chains are closely related to the formation of the gully, and the pockmark chains spreading in the direction perpendicular to the contour line, can evolve into pockmark gullies with smooth bottom under the scour of the gravity flows. Comparing with the parameters of pockmarks in other areas of the world, it is found that the size of the pockmarks has a close link to the water depth, and it is easier to develop mega-pockmarks in deep water areas.
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