Zoning of the U-boundary in the South China Sea and its ecological environment characteristics

Liu Yupeng; Tang Danling; Wu Changxia; Ge Chendong

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.02.002

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Liu Yupeng, Tang Danling, Wu Changxia, Ge Chendong. Zoning of the U-boundary in the South China Sea and its ecological environment characteristics[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2019, 41(2): 14-30. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.02.002

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Liu Yupeng, Tang Danling, Wu Changxia, Ge Chendong. Zoning of the U-boundary in the South China Sea and its ecological environment characteristics[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2019, 41(2): 14-30. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.02.002

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Zoning of the U-boundary in the South China Sea and its ecological environment characteristics

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.02.002

1.
State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ocean Remote Sensing, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ocean Remote Sensing, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Collaborative Innovation Center for 21 st-Century Maritime Silk Road Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;Dalhousie University, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
4.
Key Laboratory of Coast & Island Development, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

Received Date: 2018-04-23
Rev Recd Date: 2018-08-13

Abstract

Abstract

U-boundary of the South China Sea (short name as U-boundary of SCS) is China's sea boundaries. Based on GIS and various remote sensing data, this paper studies the terrain and marine eco-environment of the U-boundary for the first time, mainly analyzing water depth and environmental characteristics, and presenting the three-dimensional characteristics of water depth distribution of the U-boundary. This study divides the U-boundary into five zones:the northeastern zone (NE), northwestern zone (NW), eastern zone (E), western zone (W), and southern zone (S) according to the terrain characteristics. In the NW and S, the terrains are gentle (<1 000 m); the W with the peak distribution is 2 303 m in average. The water depth in the E is over 2 000 m with an increase from south to north. The water depth of the NE is trough and the deepest water reaches 3 535 m. The study shows that the topography of NW, W, S, E and NE of the U-boundary are consistent with the Beibu Gulf Basin, the Vietnam East Fault, the Zengmu Basin, the South China Sea Trough, and Manila Trench respectively. The results show the impact of monsoon on the seasonal variations in the 5 zones of the U-boundary:in the NW and NE of the U-boundary, the sea surface temperature (SST) is the highest in summer, with high variation and the mixed layer depth are deepest in winter and lowest in spring while the seasonal variation of sea surface currents (SSCs) and sea surface salinity (SSS) are small. But in the NW, concentration of chlorophyll a blooms in winter and presents logarithmic distribution in other seasons, while that increase slightly in the middle of the NE in winter. The seasonal variations of SST in the W, S and E are small, while the seasonal variations of the sea surface wind field (SSW) and the mixed layer depth (MLD) are the strongest in winter but the weakest in spring. But the seasonal variation of the sea surface chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a) in the W is small while that in the middle of the S increases significantly in winter, and that in the south of the E increases slightly in winter. Marine factors in NW and S (shallow terrain) show the same seasonal distribution, especially the high Chl a in both NW and S zones in winter. The study also reveals the regional characteristics of the marine environments among 5 zones of the U-boundary. The largest seasonal variations in the SST and Chl a occur in NW zone while the largest seasonal change of the MLD appears in W zone and the largest seasonal change of the SSCs occurs in S zone. And the largest seasonal variation in the SSS is found in the E zone while a large change in the SSCs but a small seasonal variation in the Chl a is found in the NE zone. The temporal and spatial distributions of typhoon on the U-boundary are different from north to south, and its distribution is not uniform. A total of 604 typhoons crossed the U-boundary, with an average of 8 per year from 1945 to 2016. The paths concentrate in the NE, NW and E zones. 537 typhoons crossed the U-boundary within the east of 112.3° E, while 415 typhoons crossed the U-boundary within the west of 112.3° E. The ecological environments of the NE zone are greatly influenced by "Wind Pump Effect" caused by typhoon. 1991 to 2000 is a typhoon-prone period, with an average of 11 typhoons across the U-boundary. In this study, the proposed method of dividing the U-boundary in the SCS into 5 zones based on its topographical features has important scientific and practical significance.
- U-boundary in the South China Sea,
- terrain,
- 5-zones distinction method of U-boundary,
- marine ecological environment,
- seasonal variation,
- typhoon

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References(38)

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