Statistical analysis of the characteristics of freak wave elements in the northwest South China Sea

FENG Tao; ZHANG Tianyu; ZHANG Junping; WANG Hailong; YANG Jian; LIN Xun

doi:10.12284/hyxb2025063

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Haiyang Xuebao > 2025 > Accepted Manuscript

FENG Tao，ZHANG Tianyu，ZHANG Junping, et al. Statistical analysis of the characteristics of freak wave elements in the northwest South China Sea[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2025, 47(6)：1–8 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025063

Citation:

PDF( 1899 KB)

Statistical analysis of the characteristics of freak wave elements in the northwest South China Sea

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025063

FENG Tao^{1, 3, 4
,},
ZHANG Tianyu^{1, 2, 3, 4
,
,},
ZHANG Junping¹,
WANG Hailong¹,
YANG Jian¹,
LIN Xun¹,

1.
College of Oceanology and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
3.
Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Climate Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
5.
XXXXXXX

Received Date: 2024-11-06
Rev Recd Date: 2025-05-06

Available Online: 2025-06-03

Abstract

Abstract

Based on actual wave measurement data, combined with stochastic wave theory and the JONSWAP spectrum, the probability of freak waves in the northwest part of the South China Sea was conducted. The characteristics of the number of freak waves and wave elements in the sea area were statistically analyzed by the buoy observation data, and the correlation characteristics between the effective wave height and the main parameters such as period and wind speed were explored. The results indicate that the occurrence probability of freak waves in the northwestern South China Sea is 0.0059%. Analyzing the distribution of the significant wave steepness δ in different seasons of this area, it was found that the frequency of swells in the waves is relatively high during the spring transition period and the southwest monsoon season, which may be one of the reasons for the relatively high probability of freak wave occurrences in these two seasons. Regarding the annual distribution characteristics, there is a high correlation between significant wave height and mean period, while freak waves show virtually no correlation. The correlation coefficient between annual significant wave height and wind speed is 0.83, and for freak waves, it is 0.63, indicating that the annual distribution of waves is greatly influenced by wind waves. The relative proportion of swells in the mixed zone of wind waves and swells may have a certain impact on the generation of freak waves.
- Northwest South China Sea,
- freak wave,
- wave elements,
- characteristic analysis,
- correlation analysis

FullText(HTML)

References(16)

References

[1]	Didenkulova I. Shapes of freak waves in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea (Tallinn Bay)[J]. Boreal Environment Research, 2011, 16(Suppl.1): 138−148.
[2]	Feng Xiangbo, Tsimplis M N, Quartly G D, et al. Wave height analysis from 10 years of observations in the Norwegian Sea[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2014, 72: 47−56. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2013.10.013
[3]	陶爱峰, 武雨晴, 王瑶, 等. 韩国周边海域的畸形波概率分析[J]. 河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 44(1): 34−38. Tao Aifeng, Wu Yuqing, Wang Yao, et al. Analysis of occurrence probability of freak waves in sea area around Korea[J]. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences), 2016, 44(1): 34−38.
[4]	Majumder S, Remya P G, Nair T M B, et al. Analysis of meteorological and oceanic conditions during freak wave events in the Indian Ocean[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2022, 259: 111920. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111920
[5]	蔡丽, 赵建春, 向容瑶, 等. 基于实测资料的畸形波概率及波浪要素分析[J]. 海洋工程, 2023, 41(3): 56−64. Cai Li, Zhao Jianchun, Xiang Rongyao, et al. Analysis of freak wave probability and wave characteristics based on measured data[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2023, 41(3): 56−64.
[6]	付睿丽, 马玉祥, 董国海. 深水随机波列中畸形波统计特征的研究[J]. 海洋学报(中文版), 2021, 43(10): 81−89. Fu Ruili, Ma Yuxiang, Dong Guohai. Researches on statistical properties of freak waves in uni-directional random waves in deep water[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2021, 43(10): 81−89.
[7]	范顺庭, 王以谋, 侯永明. 关于依上跨零点波高和依下跨零点波高的统计分析[J]. 海洋科学, 1984(4): 1−7. Fan Shunting, Wang Yimou, Hou Yongming. Statistical analysis of wave height of up-and downward zero-crossing dependency[J]. Marine Sciences, 1984(4): 1−7.
[8]	杨扬, 苗庆生, 韦广昊, 等. 海洋站观测资料的质量控制方法及其应用[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2017, 34(10): 109−113. Yang Yang, Miao Qingsheng, Wei Guanghao, et al. Quality control methods and application for the oceanic station observed data in the delayed mode[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2017, 34(10): 109−113.
[9]	裴玉国, 张宁川, 张运秋. 畸形波数值模拟和定点生成[J]. 海洋工程, 2006, 24(4): 20−26. Pei Yuguo, Zhang Ningchuan, Zhang Yunqiu. Numerical simulation of freak waves and its generation at a certain location[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2006, 24(4): 20−26.
[10]	Stansell P. Distributions of extreme wave, crest and trough heights measured in the North Sea[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2005, 32(8/9): 1015−1036.
[11]	郇彩云. 浙江东矶列岛海域实测波要素及典型台风浪特征分析[J]. 海洋工程, 2024, 42(2): 148−156. Huan Caiyun. Analysis of measured wave parameters and typical typhoon wave characteristics in the Dongji Islands sea area of Zhejiang Province[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2024, 42(2): 148−156.
[12]	王瑶, 郑金海, 陶爱峰, 等. 基于实测资料的畸形波发生概率研究综述[J]. 海洋通报, 2013, 32(2): 235−239. Wang Yao, Zheng Jinhai, Tao Aifeng, et al. Review of studies on the occurrence probability of freak waves based on the field data[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2013, 32(2): 235−239.
[13]	薛庆仁, 梁书秀, 许媛媛, 等. 可控深水破碎波的实验室生成方法研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2023, 45(4): 46−56. Xue Qingren, Liang Shuxiu, Xu Yuanyuan, et al. Research on laboratory generation method of controllable deep water breaking waves[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2023, 45(4): 46−56.
[14]	尹毅, 江丽芳, 张志旭, 等. 珠江口波浪要素特征分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2017, 36(4): 60−66. Yin Yi, Jiang Lifang, Zhang Zhixu, et al. Statistical analysis of wave characteristics in the Pearl River Estuary[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2017, 36(4): 60−66.
[15]	丁平兴, 孙孚, 孔亚珍, 等. 风浪统计性质的实验研究──Ⅰ. 波高与周期的统计分布[J]. 海洋学报(中文版), 1995, 17(4): 1−10. Ding Pingxing, Sun Fu, Kong Yazhen, et al. Experimental study of the statistical properties of wind and waves: I. statistical distribution of wave height and period[J]. Acta Oceanological Sinica, 1995, 17(4): 1−10. (查阅网上资料, 未找到文献翻译, 请确认)
[16]	丁平兴, 孔亚珍, 孙孚, 等. 风浪统计性质的实验研究──Ⅱ. 波高与周期的联合统计分布[J]. 海洋学报, 1995, 17(5): 1−9. Ding Pingxing, Kong Yazhen, Sun Fu, et al. Experimental study of the statistical properties of wind and waves: II. joint statistical distribution of wave height and period[J]. Acta Oceanological Sinica, 1995, 17(5): 1−9. (查阅网上资料, 未找到文献翻译, 请确认)