Observation of physical variables of coastal wetland and response of wetland system under the influence of typhoon process

Li Gaoru; Gong Guoning; Zhang Shengle; Gao Meihua; Zhang Bolun; Ma Yuxi; He Peimin; Fang Shubo

doi:10.12284/hyxb2022155

Volume 44 Issue 12

Jan. 2023

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Li Gaoru，Gong Guoning，Zhang Shengle, et al. Observation of physical variables of coastal wetland and response of wetland system under the influence of typhoon process[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2022, 44(12)：116–125 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022155

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Observation of physical variables of coastal wetland and response of wetland system under the influence of typhoon process

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022155

Li Gaoru^{1, 2
,},
Gong Guoning^{1, 2},
Zhang Shengle^{1, 2},
Gao Meihua^{1, 2},
Zhang Bolun^{1, 2},
Ma Yuxi³,
He Peimin^{1, 2},
Fang Shubo^{1, 2
,
,}

1.
College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
Research Center of Water Environment & Ecological Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Received Date: 2022-04-01
Rev Recd Date: 2022-06-10

Available Online: 2022-09-19

Publish Date: 2023-01-17

Abstract

Abstract

How to study the response process of wetland system under the influence of extreme weather events such as typhoon, and then put forward effective ecological integrity maintenance and management schemes is of great significance to wetland management and ecological security maintenance in key areas. In this paper, during the process of “Chanthu” Typhoon in September 2021, hydrodynamic observation points were set up on the South Bank of Nanhui east tidal flat, surface sediments were collected, tidal flat surface elevation was measured, and vegetation images were obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle. Using ArcGIS spatial analysis, the hydrodynamic and sedimentary changes of Nanhui east tidal flat and the response of tidal flat surface elevation, surface sediments and vegetation distribution area were discussed. The results show that the average effective wave height and wave energy at the edge of the vegetation are 1.54 times and 2.14 times in the typhoon, the average current velocity near the bottom layer is 0.23 m/s, and a “high suspended sediment concentration layer” (>10 g/L) with a thickness of more than 1 m appears on the tidal flat for 8.13 h. After the typhoon, the tidal flat surface of Scirpus mariqueter and Spartina alterniflora distributed sparsely below 4 m eroded 0−4.8 cm, and the tidal flat surface with lush growth of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis above 4 m deposited 0−14.7 cm. The distribution area of vegetation in the study area decreased by 1827.67 m², accounting for 1.63% of the total vegetation before the typhoon, including 31.9% of the eroded tidal flat vegetation and 68.1% of the deposited tidal flat vegetation. The wetland management after the typhoon process can be summarized as follows: (1) The wetland basically shows the characteristics of coexistence of erosion and accretion areas after the typhoon process; (2) For the tidal flat surface with an elevation lower than 4 m, it is suggested to determine the elevation suitable for vegetation growth, combine the erosion and deposition changes during the typhoon process, and use the “microbial film” and vegetation patch transplantation to dissipate waves, consolidate the tidal flat and promote accretion, so as to accelerate the rapid restoration of the wetland after the impact of the typhoon process.
- typhoon,
- coastal wetlands,
- hydrodynamic force,
- deposition,
- response process

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