2018 Vol. 40, No. 2
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2018, 40(2): .
Abstract:
2018, 40(2): 1-13.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.001
Abstract:
Green tides are ecological issues commonly observed in coastal waters world widely. Since 2007, the uni-algae large-scale green tides have pervaded the southern Yellow Sea of China every spring to summer, which caused significant economy losses and negative social impact. The Yellow Sea green tides soon became one hotspot of ecological research in China, and numerous research projects have been funded and conducted. In the present paper, we reviewed the recent progress on the origin and development process of Yellow Sea green tides, key biological features of the causative algae (Ulva prolifera) and the main environmental conditions favoring blooming and drifting of the green macroalgae, nonetheless, unknowns are still existing on the macroalgal dynamics, and more research is necessarily needed to develop the proper approaches to manage and prevent the Yellow Sea green tides. Consequently, the National Key Research and Development Program of China recently funded and initiated a new research project titled as "Ecological mechanism and the application on management and prevention of Yellow Sea green tides". We outlined the major objectives and research contents of this project at the end.
Green tides are ecological issues commonly observed in coastal waters world widely. Since 2007, the uni-algae large-scale green tides have pervaded the southern Yellow Sea of China every spring to summer, which caused significant economy losses and negative social impact. The Yellow Sea green tides soon became one hotspot of ecological research in China, and numerous research projects have been funded and conducted. In the present paper, we reviewed the recent progress on the origin and development process of Yellow Sea green tides, key biological features of the causative algae (Ulva prolifera) and the main environmental conditions favoring blooming and drifting of the green macroalgae, nonetheless, unknowns are still existing on the macroalgal dynamics, and more research is necessarily needed to develop the proper approaches to manage and prevent the Yellow Sea green tides. Consequently, the National Key Research and Development Program of China recently funded and initiated a new research project titled as "Ecological mechanism and the application on management and prevention of Yellow Sea green tides". We outlined the major objectives and research contents of this project at the end.
2018, 40(2): 14-29.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.002
Abstract:
The cost for ocean observation system is very high, and the scientific design of observation system can make it effective. Taking the high frequency radar system of the Gulf of Thailand as an example, we established a three-dimensional ocean circulation model using FVCOM. A series of evaluation numerical experiments were carried out to assess the performance of the existing observational radar system. The simulated surface current data in three observation regions were assimilated by means of various combinations using an efficient ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation method. The experimental results showed that the coastal surface current observation system plays a quite positive role in improving the current simulation in the whole domain, although the observation only covers small parts of this area. The existing observation system is helpful for ocean circulation simulation and forecast. However, the improvement effect for three observation regions was quite different, which means the current observation system is not effective and need to be optimized. In addition, this study used the ensemble transform Kalman filter optimal observation scheme to explore the ideal deployment of observational stations, which could be a useful guidance for future re-design of this observation system.
The cost for ocean observation system is very high, and the scientific design of observation system can make it effective. Taking the high frequency radar system of the Gulf of Thailand as an example, we established a three-dimensional ocean circulation model using FVCOM. A series of evaluation numerical experiments were carried out to assess the performance of the existing observational radar system. The simulated surface current data in three observation regions were assimilated by means of various combinations using an efficient ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation method. The experimental results showed that the coastal surface current observation system plays a quite positive role in improving the current simulation in the whole domain, although the observation only covers small parts of this area. The existing observation system is helpful for ocean circulation simulation and forecast. However, the improvement effect for three observation regions was quite different, which means the current observation system is not effective and need to be optimized. In addition, this study used the ensemble transform Kalman filter optimal observation scheme to explore the ideal deployment of observational stations, which could be a useful guidance for future re-design of this observation system.
2018, 40(2): 30-42.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.003
Abstract:
METOP-A/AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) retrieved by using variation algorithm. SST retrieval was done for one month. In this paper, the result of variation retrieval (VAR SST) was evaluated by the product which retrieved by using regression algorithm of the same sensor and satellite (GBL SST), OISST and the buoy observation. This evaluation was done in the global regional and the weather system active regional. According to the evaluation index, we know that VAR SST is better than GBL SST when they are compared with OISST and worse than it when they are compared with buoy observation. In addition, the VAR SST also improved the GBL SST shortcomings about time fluctuations. When the VAR SST and the GBL SST compared with OISST in different latitude zones, we discovered that the VAR SST, which with higher accuracy, is better than GBL SST in the low latitudes and the middle latitude of Southern Hemisphere. According to the research, variation algorithm can correct the atmospheric attenuation in satellite remote sensing more effectively and get a higher accurate SST, especially in the area of the complex weather system. That's because the atmospheric temperature and water vapor mixing ratio were considered in this algorithm.
METOP-A/AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) retrieved by using variation algorithm. SST retrieval was done for one month. In this paper, the result of variation retrieval (VAR SST) was evaluated by the product which retrieved by using regression algorithm of the same sensor and satellite (GBL SST), OISST and the buoy observation. This evaluation was done in the global regional and the weather system active regional. According to the evaluation index, we know that VAR SST is better than GBL SST when they are compared with OISST and worse than it when they are compared with buoy observation. In addition, the VAR SST also improved the GBL SST shortcomings about time fluctuations. When the VAR SST and the GBL SST compared with OISST in different latitude zones, we discovered that the VAR SST, which with higher accuracy, is better than GBL SST in the low latitudes and the middle latitude of Southern Hemisphere. According to the research, variation algorithm can correct the atmospheric attenuation in satellite remote sensing more effectively and get a higher accurate SST, especially in the area of the complex weather system. That's because the atmospheric temperature and water vapor mixing ratio were considered in this algorithm.
2018, 40(2): 43-52.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.004
Abstract:
Based on tide, sea surface temperature (SST), air temperature (AT), barometric pressure and wind data etc., the sea level amomaly high of 2016 in the China coastal area is investigated. The results show that the coincidence of several long-period (~2 a, 4 a,~9 a and~19 a) vibration made the sea level high during 2010-2016. In 2016, AT and SST along the China coastal area are 0.7℃ and 0.5℃ higher than normal, reached the higher level in history, and the barometric pressure is -0.2 hPa lower than normal. In April, September, October and November 2016, the South China Sea strongest southerly wind lead East China Sea and South China Sea coastal waters for a long time accumulation. The residual water levels contribute 40%-80% to sea level rise. In April 2016, the El Niño event finished, and the tropical Pacific return to La Niña state. The precipitation is more serious than normal under this influence, and regional precipitation reached highest in history. At the same time, the increase of runoff resulted in sea level rise. During September and October, five cyclones impacted South China, the continue storm surge caused the sea level 70-360 mm higher than the monthly sea level. The storm surge and flood caused serious economic loss.
Based on tide, sea surface temperature (SST), air temperature (AT), barometric pressure and wind data etc., the sea level amomaly high of 2016 in the China coastal area is investigated. The results show that the coincidence of several long-period (~2 a, 4 a,~9 a and~19 a) vibration made the sea level high during 2010-2016. In 2016, AT and SST along the China coastal area are 0.7℃ and 0.5℃ higher than normal, reached the higher level in history, and the barometric pressure is -0.2 hPa lower than normal. In April, September, October and November 2016, the South China Sea strongest southerly wind lead East China Sea and South China Sea coastal waters for a long time accumulation. The residual water levels contribute 40%-80% to sea level rise. In April 2016, the El Niño event finished, and the tropical Pacific return to La Niña state. The precipitation is more serious than normal under this influence, and regional precipitation reached highest in history. At the same time, the increase of runoff resulted in sea level rise. During September and October, five cyclones impacted South China, the continue storm surge caused the sea level 70-360 mm higher than the monthly sea level. The storm surge and flood caused serious economic loss.
2018, 40(2): 53-60.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.005
Abstract:
Many fish show diel vertical movements (DVM), which is a key factor affecting the catchability of most fisheries-dependent or fisheries-independent surveys. Calibrations of abundance indices (AI) from these surveys to maintain a consistent catchability is important for improving estimates of species distribution and abundance. However, such calibrations rarely account for DVM. Here, a geostatistical delta-generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was fitted to the fall bottom trawl survey data for small yellow croaker in the Yellow Sea during the period of 2006-2011 as a case study. The model quantified the effects of diel periods on AI, which demonstrates the time-variant effects of diel vertical movements on the catchability of the bottom trawl surveys for small yellow croaker. The surveys have lowest catchability for small yellow croaker at midnight. With the coming of daytime, the catchability appears to increase until reaching the peak values at 9:00 am. Subsequently, there is a decreasing trend in catchability till 7:00 pm. The catchability then maintains at low levels before midnight. This study eliminated the effects of diel periods on AI and predicted the spatial distributions of small yellow croaker in the middle and south Yellow Sea during the falls of 2006-2011. The predicted distributions match with spatial distributions of AI data and fishing grounds for small yellow croaker. Moreover, this study yields more precise estimates of total abundance indices for small yellow croaker in the falls of 2006-2009, which follows the temporal trend in the catch data of this species from two provinces (i.e. Shandong and Jiangsu) along the middle and south Yellow Sea in the subsequent years.
Many fish show diel vertical movements (DVM), which is a key factor affecting the catchability of most fisheries-dependent or fisheries-independent surveys. Calibrations of abundance indices (AI) from these surveys to maintain a consistent catchability is important for improving estimates of species distribution and abundance. However, such calibrations rarely account for DVM. Here, a geostatistical delta-generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was fitted to the fall bottom trawl survey data for small yellow croaker in the Yellow Sea during the period of 2006-2011 as a case study. The model quantified the effects of diel periods on AI, which demonstrates the time-variant effects of diel vertical movements on the catchability of the bottom trawl surveys for small yellow croaker. The surveys have lowest catchability for small yellow croaker at midnight. With the coming of daytime, the catchability appears to increase until reaching the peak values at 9:00 am. Subsequently, there is a decreasing trend in catchability till 7:00 pm. The catchability then maintains at low levels before midnight. This study eliminated the effects of diel periods on AI and predicted the spatial distributions of small yellow croaker in the middle and south Yellow Sea during the falls of 2006-2011. The predicted distributions match with spatial distributions of AI data and fishing grounds for small yellow croaker. Moreover, this study yields more precise estimates of total abundance indices for small yellow croaker in the falls of 2006-2009, which follows the temporal trend in the catch data of this species from two provinces (i.e. Shandong and Jiangsu) along the middle and south Yellow Sea in the subsequent years.
2018, 40(2): 61-68.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.006
Abstract:
Observational catch per unit effort (CPUE) data are not independent to each other but have spatial autocorrelation. So far, most of the existing CPUE standardization methods assume that the independency of CPUE in spatial level. In this study, Illex argentinus were selected as case study to explore CPUE standardization based on the fishing data of Chinese jigging fishery and the corresponding data of Sea surface temperature and the Chlorophyll a in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean from January to May from 2000 to 2014. To compare the effect of spatial autocorrelation on CPUE standardization, generalized linear model (GLM) was chosen as basic model, and the spatial autocorrelation was incorporated into the standard GLM. According to Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), spatial-GLM performed better than standard-GLM, and the exponential model generated the best goodness-of-fit to the data among four distance models. Also, the precision of standard GLM were more overestimated than that of spatial autocorrelated GLM. It is recommended for us to take spatial autocorrelation into consideration when GLM is used to standardize CPUE data derived from commercial fisheries based on the present study.
Observational catch per unit effort (CPUE) data are not independent to each other but have spatial autocorrelation. So far, most of the existing CPUE standardization methods assume that the independency of CPUE in spatial level. In this study, Illex argentinus were selected as case study to explore CPUE standardization based on the fishing data of Chinese jigging fishery and the corresponding data of Sea surface temperature and the Chlorophyll a in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean from January to May from 2000 to 2014. To compare the effect of spatial autocorrelation on CPUE standardization, generalized linear model (GLM) was chosen as basic model, and the spatial autocorrelation was incorporated into the standard GLM. According to Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), spatial-GLM performed better than standard-GLM, and the exponential model generated the best goodness-of-fit to the data among four distance models. Also, the precision of standard GLM were more overestimated than that of spatial autocorrelated GLM. It is recommended for us to take spatial autocorrelation into consideration when GLM is used to standardize CPUE data derived from commercial fisheries based on the present study.
2018, 40(2): 69-76.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.007
Abstract:
This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) on the growth performance, digestion, serum biochemical indexes and intestinal flora. A total of 360 juvenile Japanese seabass were randomly assigned to six treatment diets that included COS at concentrations of 0%,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0% for 45 d. Each treatment had 3 replicates with 20. The results showed:(1) The growth performance:The weight gain and specific growth rate of Diet3(0.6%) and Diet4(0.8%) were increased compared with the control group (P>0.05); (2) The digestive ferment:The intestinal trypsin activity were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the Diet3(0.6%), Diet4(0.8%) and Diet5(1.0%). Intestinal lipase activity was remarkably increased at Diet2(0.4%),Diet3(0.6%) and Diet4(0.8%) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in intestinal amylase activity (P>0.05). (3) The serum biochemical indexes:Compared with the control group, the contents of the serum total protein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was obviously increased (P<0.05); (4) The nonspecific immunity:The contents of MDA was decreased significantly (P>0.05) on the Diet3(0.6%). The activities of superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase were all increased (P>0.05) on the Diet1 (0.2%), and the serum lysozyme was significantly increased (P<0.05). (5) Intestinal flora:The number of Salmonella in Diet3 (0.6%), Diet 4(0.8%) and Diet5(1%), and E. coli was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in Diet(0.8%). The quantity of bifidobacteria increased significantly (P<0.05) in Diet1(0.2%), Diet2(0.4%) and Diet3(0.6%). In conclusion, these results indicate that COS can enhance growth and immunity of juvenile Japanese seabass,and the optimum addition level was 0.6%~0.8% in diet.
This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) on the growth performance, digestion, serum biochemical indexes and intestinal flora. A total of 360 juvenile Japanese seabass were randomly assigned to six treatment diets that included COS at concentrations of 0%,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0% for 45 d. Each treatment had 3 replicates with 20. The results showed:(1) The growth performance:The weight gain and specific growth rate of Diet3(0.6%) and Diet4(0.8%) were increased compared with the control group (P>0.05); (2) The digestive ferment:The intestinal trypsin activity were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the Diet3(0.6%), Diet4(0.8%) and Diet5(1.0%). Intestinal lipase activity was remarkably increased at Diet2(0.4%),Diet3(0.6%) and Diet4(0.8%) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in intestinal amylase activity (P>0.05). (3) The serum biochemical indexes:Compared with the control group, the contents of the serum total protein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was obviously increased (P<0.05); (4) The nonspecific immunity:The contents of MDA was decreased significantly (P>0.05) on the Diet3(0.6%). The activities of superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase were all increased (P>0.05) on the Diet1 (0.2%), and the serum lysozyme was significantly increased (P<0.05). (5) Intestinal flora:The number of Salmonella in Diet3 (0.6%), Diet 4(0.8%) and Diet5(1%), and E. coli was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in Diet(0.8%). The quantity of bifidobacteria increased significantly (P<0.05) in Diet1(0.2%), Diet2(0.4%) and Diet3(0.6%). In conclusion, these results indicate that COS can enhance growth and immunity of juvenile Japanese seabass,and the optimum addition level was 0.6%~0.8% in diet.
2018, 40(2): 77-86.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.008
Abstract:
Ecological niche had close relations with inter-species competition and resources utilization, which can be used as an indicator to symbolize the resources utilization capability of species in the community. In order to approach the distribution pattern of shrimp and related affected factors in the Zhejiang coastal area, the dominant species of shrimp community were determined first by index of relative importance, the niche breadths and niche overlaps of the shrimp's dominant species were determined by using Levins formulae and Pianka index, and then, the differentiation of the niche was studied by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The result showed that there were 13 dominant species of shrimp in study area, which were divided 3 types according to the values of the niche breadths, Parapenaeopsis tenella, Leptochela gracilis, Alpheus distinguendus and Solenocera crassicornis belonged to the first group which had large wide niche.The second group included Alpheus japonicus, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Acetes chinensis and Palaemon gravieri, whose niche breadths were also wide correspondingly but lower than the first group slightly. Metapenaeopsis dalei, Crangon affinis, Plesionika izumiae and Solenocera melantho had narrow niche breadths which belonged to the third group. The niche overlap indexes ranged from 0.00-0.78. Three overlap levels that were superior(>0.6), inferior(0.3-0.6) and low(<0.3) were divided, the levels of inferior and low were gave first place in the shrimp's dominant species. The CCA analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the shrimp was more affected by depth, bottom dissolved oxygen, and bottom salinity rather than water temperature. The spatial niche of the shrimp species was correlated with their living habit,inter-species competition, prey-predator relationship and marine environmental factors.
Ecological niche had close relations with inter-species competition and resources utilization, which can be used as an indicator to symbolize the resources utilization capability of species in the community. In order to approach the distribution pattern of shrimp and related affected factors in the Zhejiang coastal area, the dominant species of shrimp community were determined first by index of relative importance, the niche breadths and niche overlaps of the shrimp's dominant species were determined by using Levins formulae and Pianka index, and then, the differentiation of the niche was studied by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The result showed that there were 13 dominant species of shrimp in study area, which were divided 3 types according to the values of the niche breadths, Parapenaeopsis tenella, Leptochela gracilis, Alpheus distinguendus and Solenocera crassicornis belonged to the first group which had large wide niche.The second group included Alpheus japonicus, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Acetes chinensis and Palaemon gravieri, whose niche breadths were also wide correspondingly but lower than the first group slightly. Metapenaeopsis dalei, Crangon affinis, Plesionika izumiae and Solenocera melantho had narrow niche breadths which belonged to the third group. The niche overlap indexes ranged from 0.00-0.78. Three overlap levels that were superior(>0.6), inferior(0.3-0.6) and low(<0.3) were divided, the levels of inferior and low were gave first place in the shrimp's dominant species. The CCA analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the shrimp was more affected by depth, bottom dissolved oxygen, and bottom salinity rather than water temperature. The spatial niche of the shrimp species was correlated with their living habit,inter-species competition, prey-predator relationship and marine environmental factors.
2018, 40(2): 87-94.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.009
Abstract:
To explore the molecular structure and biological function of GRB2 in Sinonovacula constricta(Sc-GRB2), its cDNA was cloned by SMART RACE techniques, then the bioinformatics, SNPs in exon and expression profiles in different tissues and developmental stages were analyzed. The results indicated that the full length cDNA of Sc-GRB2 gene was 1 223 bp, containing a complete 711 bp ORF encoding 236 amino acids. Comparisons of animal acid sequence, Sc-GRB2 has high homology with bivalves of Meretrix meretrix and Tegillarca granosa (64% and 59%). Sc-GRB2 has homologous with others share 45%-58% similarity, it indicate GRB2 is relatively conservative. The result of qRT-PCR in different tissues showed that Sc-GRB2 expressed in all seven tissues, the expression of foot was extremely significantly higher than others (P<0.01). The relative expression in different stages revealed that the expression of juvenile clams was extremely significantly higher than other stages (P<0.01). A total of 11 SNPs in the exon of Sc-GRB2 were identified.
To explore the molecular structure and biological function of GRB2 in Sinonovacula constricta(Sc-GRB2), its cDNA was cloned by SMART RACE techniques, then the bioinformatics, SNPs in exon and expression profiles in different tissues and developmental stages were analyzed. The results indicated that the full length cDNA of Sc-GRB2 gene was 1 223 bp, containing a complete 711 bp ORF encoding 236 amino acids. Comparisons of animal acid sequence, Sc-GRB2 has high homology with bivalves of Meretrix meretrix and Tegillarca granosa (64% and 59%). Sc-GRB2 has homologous with others share 45%-58% similarity, it indicate GRB2 is relatively conservative. The result of qRT-PCR in different tissues showed that Sc-GRB2 expressed in all seven tissues, the expression of foot was extremely significantly higher than others (P<0.01). The relative expression in different stages revealed that the expression of juvenile clams was extremely significantly higher than other stages (P<0.01). A total of 11 SNPs in the exon of Sc-GRB2 were identified.
2018, 40(2): 95-103.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.010
Abstract:
In order to select a new variety of Pyropia yezoensis with fast growing and wild-type color,following intraspecific hybridization of the green-type pigmentation mutant and red-type pigmentation in P. yezoensis was carried out,and then an improved strain (A-18) was isolated from the recombinants. The mean length,mean length-width ratio and wet weight of 60-day-old blades in A-18 strain were 84.95 cm,49.46 and 0.52 g,which were 3.12,7.01 and 1.36 times those of WT strain. After being cultured for 60 days,the contents of chlorophyll a and phycobiliprotein in A-18 strain were 8.37 and 53.81 mg/g,respectively,both of them were close to the WT strain. The thickness of 60-day-old blades of A-18 strain was 20.22 μm,which was 29% thinner than that of WT strain. In addition,the total number of conchospores released from A-18 strain was 916.01×104 per shell,which was 1.55 times that of WT strain. The above results showed that A-18 strain was characterized by fast growth,large length-width raito,large amount of conchospores,and its color is close to the wild-type,therefore,A-18 strain is expected to be applied in the production.
In order to select a new variety of Pyropia yezoensis with fast growing and wild-type color,following intraspecific hybridization of the green-type pigmentation mutant and red-type pigmentation in P. yezoensis was carried out,and then an improved strain (A-18) was isolated from the recombinants. The mean length,mean length-width ratio and wet weight of 60-day-old blades in A-18 strain were 84.95 cm,49.46 and 0.52 g,which were 3.12,7.01 and 1.36 times those of WT strain. After being cultured for 60 days,the contents of chlorophyll a and phycobiliprotein in A-18 strain were 8.37 and 53.81 mg/g,respectively,both of them were close to the WT strain. The thickness of 60-day-old blades of A-18 strain was 20.22 μm,which was 29% thinner than that of WT strain. In addition,the total number of conchospores released from A-18 strain was 916.01×104 per shell,which was 1.55 times that of WT strain. The above results showed that A-18 strain was characterized by fast growth,large length-width raito,large amount of conchospores,and its color is close to the wild-type,therefore,A-18 strain is expected to be applied in the production.
2018, 40(2): 104-116.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.011
Abstract:
In order to assess the influence of bleaching on coral (Pocillopora damicornis) symbiotic microbial communities and functions, microbial structure and functional diversity were evaluated using OTU analysis and BIOLOG Ecoplates method. The results showed that Chao Ⅰ index was significantly lower in bleaching individuals than the healthy ones (P<0.05). Among the microbial communities (genus level), Synechococcus was the dominant population (more than 50%) in the experimental groups and the controls, and not found the significant difference between the two status. However, some significant differences have observed. Pelagibacter, Puniceispirillum, Coraliomargarita and Photobacterium were abundant in healthy individuals, whereas Actinomarina, Blastopirellula and some pathogenic bacteria(like Vibrio, Pseudospirillum, Alteromonas and Coxiella)were enrichment in bleaching coral. Personal analysis shows that the temperature and nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) were the most correlated environmental factors with the species composition. Functional analysis using average well color development (AWCD) showed that the order of carbon source utilization in healthy group was carboxylic acids > amino acids > amphiphiles carbohydrate > polymers > amine. Whereas the sugars, amino acids and amines were the preferred carbon sources in bleaching group. The different utilization ability of carboxylic acid and sugar result in carbon metabolism change between the two groups. To the nitrogen source, both of the groups dominated by inorganic nitrogen, but the bleaching group showed certain ability to utilize organic peptide. Inorganic phosphorus was the main phosphorus source in both groups and it has the priority to be use. Compared with the healthy groups, the bleaching individuals decrease some ability to consumption organic polyphosphates. Taken together, this work showed that the bleaching event reduced coral symbiotic microbial diversity and changed the metabolic potential to C, N, and P source. Bleaching event had a significant impact on coral symbiotic microbial communities and functional activity.
In order to assess the influence of bleaching on coral (Pocillopora damicornis) symbiotic microbial communities and functions, microbial structure and functional diversity were evaluated using OTU analysis and BIOLOG Ecoplates method. The results showed that Chao Ⅰ index was significantly lower in bleaching individuals than the healthy ones (P<0.05). Among the microbial communities (genus level), Synechococcus was the dominant population (more than 50%) in the experimental groups and the controls, and not found the significant difference between the two status. However, some significant differences have observed. Pelagibacter, Puniceispirillum, Coraliomargarita and Photobacterium were abundant in healthy individuals, whereas Actinomarina, Blastopirellula and some pathogenic bacteria(like Vibrio, Pseudospirillum, Alteromonas and Coxiella)were enrichment in bleaching coral. Personal analysis shows that the temperature and nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) were the most correlated environmental factors with the species composition. Functional analysis using average well color development (AWCD) showed that the order of carbon source utilization in healthy group was carboxylic acids > amino acids > amphiphiles carbohydrate > polymers > amine. Whereas the sugars, amino acids and amines were the preferred carbon sources in bleaching group. The different utilization ability of carboxylic acid and sugar result in carbon metabolism change between the two groups. To the nitrogen source, both of the groups dominated by inorganic nitrogen, but the bleaching group showed certain ability to utilize organic peptide. Inorganic phosphorus was the main phosphorus source in both groups and it has the priority to be use. Compared with the healthy groups, the bleaching individuals decrease some ability to consumption organic polyphosphates. Taken together, this work showed that the bleaching event reduced coral symbiotic microbial diversity and changed the metabolic potential to C, N, and P source. Bleaching event had a significant impact on coral symbiotic microbial communities and functional activity.
2018, 40(2): 117-126.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.012
Abstract:
Microplankton with cell size less than 20 μm are susceptive to environmental alteration, and often employed to study the ecological effect of anthropogenic disturbance in various environment. In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial patterns of microplankton including bacteria, Synechococcus, microeukaryote and virus by flow cytometry in Sanmen Bay, and explored the driving physicochemical factors. The results showed that the abundance of bacteria, Synechococcus, microeukaryote and virus were 6.98×105-9.84×106 cells/mL, 1.10×103-3.71×104 cells/mL, 1.04×103-3.75×104 cells/mL and 1.01×106-3.47×107 mL-1, respectively. The abundance of microplankton in surface water was higher than that in bottom both in summer and autumn. Bacteria, Synechococcus and virus were more abundant in summer, but the abundance of microeukaryote had higher abundances in autumn. Among environmental variables detected here, water temperature was the main factor leading to the seasonal variation of microplankton. As to the horizontal distribution patterns, the abundance of microplankton decreased from inner-to outer-bay in autumn, but there was no significant feature in summer. In autumn, the horizontal distribution patterns of microplankton except bacteria in bottom had a significant negative correlation with pH and salinity, and a positive correlation with nitrite, nitrate, ammonium and chlorophyll a.
Microplankton with cell size less than 20 μm are susceptive to environmental alteration, and often employed to study the ecological effect of anthropogenic disturbance in various environment. In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial patterns of microplankton including bacteria, Synechococcus, microeukaryote and virus by flow cytometry in Sanmen Bay, and explored the driving physicochemical factors. The results showed that the abundance of bacteria, Synechococcus, microeukaryote and virus were 6.98×105-9.84×106 cells/mL, 1.10×103-3.71×104 cells/mL, 1.04×103-3.75×104 cells/mL and 1.01×106-3.47×107 mL-1, respectively. The abundance of microplankton in surface water was higher than that in bottom both in summer and autumn. Bacteria, Synechococcus and virus were more abundant in summer, but the abundance of microeukaryote had higher abundances in autumn. Among environmental variables detected here, water temperature was the main factor leading to the seasonal variation of microplankton. As to the horizontal distribution patterns, the abundance of microplankton decreased from inner-to outer-bay in autumn, but there was no significant feature in summer. In autumn, the horizontal distribution patterns of microplankton except bacteria in bottom had a significant negative correlation with pH and salinity, and a positive correlation with nitrite, nitrate, ammonium and chlorophyll a.
2018, 40(2): 127-130.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.013
Abstract:
Four buccinid species, Antillophos armillatus Fraussen & Poppe, 2005, A. deprinsi Fraussen & Poppe, 2005, A. hirasei(Sowerby, 1913) and A. nigrolineata(Habe, 1961), collected from the East China Sea are reported in present study. Among them, A. armillatus, A. deprinsi and A. hirasei are recorded from China for the first time; Antillophos nigrolineata had been reported from Taiwan but misidentified as Phos elegantissimum Hayashi & Habe, 1965, its name is revised herein.
Four buccinid species, Antillophos armillatus Fraussen & Poppe, 2005, A. deprinsi Fraussen & Poppe, 2005, A. hirasei(Sowerby, 1913) and A. nigrolineata(Habe, 1961), collected from the East China Sea are reported in present study. Among them, A. armillatus, A. deprinsi and A. hirasei are recorded from China for the first time; Antillophos nigrolineata had been reported from Taiwan but misidentified as Phos elegantissimum Hayashi & Habe, 1965, its name is revised herein.
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