2016 Vol. 38, No. 8
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2016, 38(8): .
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2016, 38(8): .
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2016, 38(8): 1-11.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.001
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Over the last decade, land reclamation with a large scale and fast speed has developed along the Chinese coastline. Land reclamations can earn profits for local economy but also produce significantly negative influences on marine ecosystems. We summarized the impact and mechanism of land reclamation on the marine environment and ecosystem in terms of hydrodynamics, biodiversity, and biogeochemical process. By means of changing its natural geometry (shoreline, geomorphology, and water area), land reclamation impacts ocean hydrodynamic environment (tidal regime and capacity of water exchange) and weakened the environmental capacity of bays. Large scale land reclamation can damage coastal habitat, significantly reduce the biodiversity, and threaten ecosystem structure and function. Meanwhile, the changed hydrodynamics and reduced biodiversity can influence the process of biogeochemical cycle, which will accelerate eutrophication and increase the risk of ecological disaster. The ecological remediation is very critical for reducing the negative impact from land reclamation. Three ecological methods are suggested to do remediation after land reclamation, which include increasing the biomass, establishing natural reserve, and returning the land back to sea. Based on the linear relationship between the ecosystem services and the ecological habitat area, the strategy and policy of ecological compensation are applied for quantifying its economic value. Internationally, based on the above linear relationship, quantitative parameters of ecosystem service and functioning have gradually applied into environmental management. With some nonlinear theories developed, the method of ecological compensation has been more and more reasonable. In China, the quantitative research on the environmental and ecological effect of land reclamation and the practical application of scientific theory in management are still need improved. According to current research status and trend, the cross and integration of natural science and social science may be the most sensible and best way to the synthetically and accurately evaluate the impact of land reclamation on marine environment and ecosystem.
Over the last decade, land reclamation with a large scale and fast speed has developed along the Chinese coastline. Land reclamations can earn profits for local economy but also produce significantly negative influences on marine ecosystems. We summarized the impact and mechanism of land reclamation on the marine environment and ecosystem in terms of hydrodynamics, biodiversity, and biogeochemical process. By means of changing its natural geometry (shoreline, geomorphology, and water area), land reclamation impacts ocean hydrodynamic environment (tidal regime and capacity of water exchange) and weakened the environmental capacity of bays. Large scale land reclamation can damage coastal habitat, significantly reduce the biodiversity, and threaten ecosystem structure and function. Meanwhile, the changed hydrodynamics and reduced biodiversity can influence the process of biogeochemical cycle, which will accelerate eutrophication and increase the risk of ecological disaster. The ecological remediation is very critical for reducing the negative impact from land reclamation. Three ecological methods are suggested to do remediation after land reclamation, which include increasing the biomass, establishing natural reserve, and returning the land back to sea. Based on the linear relationship between the ecosystem services and the ecological habitat area, the strategy and policy of ecological compensation are applied for quantifying its economic value. Internationally, based on the above linear relationship, quantitative parameters of ecosystem service and functioning have gradually applied into environmental management. With some nonlinear theories developed, the method of ecological compensation has been more and more reasonable. In China, the quantitative research on the environmental and ecological effect of land reclamation and the practical application of scientific theory in management are still need improved. According to current research status and trend, the cross and integration of natural science and social science may be the most sensible and best way to the synthetically and accurately evaluate the impact of land reclamation on marine environment and ecosystem.
2016, 38(8): 12-23.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.002
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With its powerful earth observation capability, remote sensing technology shows great potential for disaster assessment. In this paper, multi-source remote sensing data is used to assess tsunami vulnerability from three components of vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity and resilience. Distance from shore is analyzed for exposure; apart from elevation, slope and shape of the coast, social and economic factor is taken into account for sensitivity; resilience is analyzed mainly from the land use factor. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to construct a weighting scheme for the variables of sensitivity. Finally, five classes of vulnerability (low, slightly low, medium, slightly high and high) are defined and analyzed. The vulnerability map shows that 78.1% of the study area is low vulnerability, 5.9% is slightly low vulnerability, 5.4% is medium, 8.8% is slightly high vulnerability, and 1.8% is high vulnerability. High vulnerability areas are mostly located within 6 km buffer zone with smaller elevation and slope. The vulnerability analysis result can provide strong support for the tsunami disaster prevention and mitigation of local government.
With its powerful earth observation capability, remote sensing technology shows great potential for disaster assessment. In this paper, multi-source remote sensing data is used to assess tsunami vulnerability from three components of vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity and resilience. Distance from shore is analyzed for exposure; apart from elevation, slope and shape of the coast, social and economic factor is taken into account for sensitivity; resilience is analyzed mainly from the land use factor. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to construct a weighting scheme for the variables of sensitivity. Finally, five classes of vulnerability (low, slightly low, medium, slightly high and high) are defined and analyzed. The vulnerability map shows that 78.1% of the study area is low vulnerability, 5.9% is slightly low vulnerability, 5.4% is medium, 8.8% is slightly high vulnerability, and 1.8% is high vulnerability. High vulnerability areas are mostly located within 6 km buffer zone with smaller elevation and slope. The vulnerability analysis result can provide strong support for the tsunami disaster prevention and mitigation of local government.
2016, 38(8): 24-35.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.003
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Based on the data of particulate organic carbon (POC), chlorophyll a(Chl a) and total suspended particles (TSP) as well as hydrological environment parameters collected during the summer of 2013 in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea.We examined the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of POC, and possible factors influencing POC contents and distributions in various water masses characterized by temperature and salinity. Results show that POC concentrations ranged from 102.3 μg/L to 1 850.0 μg/L, with an average of (383.7±269.6) μg/L, and declined from nearshore to offshore areas but increased from surface to bottom layers. The high concentration of POC appears at northern of Jiangsu Province because of the runoff input, mixing effect of longshore currents and enriched phytoplankton photosynthesis, and at the layers of both 10 m and bottom in the northeast area of the northern Yellow Sea. Influenced by ocean circulations, phytoplankton productivity was relatively lower in the middle of the southern Yellow Sea, and resulted in the lower POC concentrations in this regional area. Vertical distribution shows that POC concentrations were higher and mixed well in the nearshore area because of terrestrial input and resuspension. Controlled by ocean circulation and the Cold Water Mass, phytoplankton productivity was relatively lower in the middle of southern and northern Yellow Sea, and correspondingly decreased POC concentrations. In the water masses characterized by high temperature and low salinity, POC distributions were mainly influenced by phytoplankton primary production and resuspension. In the water masses characterized by moderate temperature and salinity, primary production of phytoplankton was the major source of POC. In the cold water mass of bottom layers, the main sources of POC were particle deposition and resuspension.
Based on the data of particulate organic carbon (POC), chlorophyll a(Chl a) and total suspended particles (TSP) as well as hydrological environment parameters collected during the summer of 2013 in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea.We examined the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of POC, and possible factors influencing POC contents and distributions in various water masses characterized by temperature and salinity. Results show that POC concentrations ranged from 102.3 μg/L to 1 850.0 μg/L, with an average of (383.7±269.6) μg/L, and declined from nearshore to offshore areas but increased from surface to bottom layers. The high concentration of POC appears at northern of Jiangsu Province because of the runoff input, mixing effect of longshore currents and enriched phytoplankton photosynthesis, and at the layers of both 10 m and bottom in the northeast area of the northern Yellow Sea. Influenced by ocean circulations, phytoplankton productivity was relatively lower in the middle of the southern Yellow Sea, and resulted in the lower POC concentrations in this regional area. Vertical distribution shows that POC concentrations were higher and mixed well in the nearshore area because of terrestrial input and resuspension. Controlled by ocean circulation and the Cold Water Mass, phytoplankton productivity was relatively lower in the middle of southern and northern Yellow Sea, and correspondingly decreased POC concentrations. In the water masses characterized by high temperature and low salinity, POC distributions were mainly influenced by phytoplankton primary production and resuspension. In the water masses characterized by moderate temperature and salinity, primary production of phytoplankton was the major source of POC. In the cold water mass of bottom layers, the main sources of POC were particle deposition and resuspension.
2016, 38(8): 36-43.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.004
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In order to study the distribution of radium isotopes, radon isotopes and nutrients under the influence of the Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme (WSRS) in the Yellow River Estuary. We carried out 24 h time-series observations at several stations in the estuary and coastal areas in July 2013. The results indicate that: (1) the distributions of radium isotopes and radon isotopes at south side were both different from which in the north side of the estuary, leading the estuary to be divided into two zones. The north zone was under a remarkable influence of WSRS and the south zone was under little influence of WSRS, respectively. High concentrations of radium and radon isotopes in the north zone were mainly due to terrestrial input, such as river discharge and submarine groundwater discharge. (2) Water ages in the north zone was (2.9±1.6)d, which in the south zone was (5.0±2.1)d. Water ages increased with rising tide and decreased with falling tide. (3) Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved silicate (DSi) distribution also showed zonation characteristics, which concentrations were significantly higher in north area. The concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), however, were not distinct in the whole study area.
In order to study the distribution of radium isotopes, radon isotopes and nutrients under the influence of the Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme (WSRS) in the Yellow River Estuary. We carried out 24 h time-series observations at several stations in the estuary and coastal areas in July 2013. The results indicate that: (1) the distributions of radium isotopes and radon isotopes at south side were both different from which in the north side of the estuary, leading the estuary to be divided into two zones. The north zone was under a remarkable influence of WSRS and the south zone was under little influence of WSRS, respectively. High concentrations of radium and radon isotopes in the north zone were mainly due to terrestrial input, such as river discharge and submarine groundwater discharge. (2) Water ages in the north zone was (2.9±1.6)d, which in the south zone was (5.0±2.1)d. Water ages increased with rising tide and decreased with falling tide. (3) Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved silicate (DSi) distribution also showed zonation characteristics, which concentrations were significantly higher in north area. The concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), however, were not distinct in the whole study area.
2016, 38(8): 44-51.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.005
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In order to obtain fine families with universality in the process of selecting breeding, we carried out diallel crosses and nest design to establish the families, and chose seven families with better individual quality traits. AMMI (additive main and multiplicative interaction) model was used to analyze data. The results showed that the effect of G×E interaction on body weight reached significant level(P<0.01), and G×E effects on body weight was higher than families genotype. The quadratic sum of G×E effect accounted for 20.608% in the total quadratic sum, and the quadratic sum of families genotype effect accounted for 12.814%, and the quadratic sum of environmental effect accounted for 64.289%, suggested that environmental effect on body weight was higher than families genotye. Based on the double plot AMMI model and stability parameter analysis, the yield of family G2was the highest(12.9 g) and the stability parameter of the G2 families was the highest (2.536 6), so it is not suitable for wide promotion. Although family G6 production is lower than G2, its stability is higher than G2. Obviously, family G6 had a high and stable yield and wide adaptability and the genotype was beneficial to select breeding of new variety(or new strain). Three test locations were divided into three environment groups, i.e., E1, E2 and E3, at the same time, family G11, G2, G5 should be dispatched to the environment E1, E2, E3 respectively, based on "Which-won-where" view of the AMMI biplot. The conclusion of the study can provide theoretic basis for selecting breeding of new strains (or new varieties) and the extension of fine families.
In order to obtain fine families with universality in the process of selecting breeding, we carried out diallel crosses and nest design to establish the families, and chose seven families with better individual quality traits. AMMI (additive main and multiplicative interaction) model was used to analyze data. The results showed that the effect of G×E interaction on body weight reached significant level(P<0.01), and G×E effects on body weight was higher than families genotype. The quadratic sum of G×E effect accounted for 20.608% in the total quadratic sum, and the quadratic sum of families genotype effect accounted for 12.814%, and the quadratic sum of environmental effect accounted for 64.289%, suggested that environmental effect on body weight was higher than families genotye. Based on the double plot AMMI model and stability parameter analysis, the yield of family G2was the highest(12.9 g) and the stability parameter of the G2 families was the highest (2.536 6), so it is not suitable for wide promotion. Although family G6 production is lower than G2, its stability is higher than G2. Obviously, family G6 had a high and stable yield and wide adaptability and the genotype was beneficial to select breeding of new variety(or new strain). Three test locations were divided into three environment groups, i.e., E1, E2 and E3, at the same time, family G11, G2, G5 should be dispatched to the environment E1, E2, E3 respectively, based on "Which-won-where" view of the AMMI biplot. The conclusion of the study can provide theoretic basis for selecting breeding of new strains (or new varieties) and the extension of fine families.
Molecular cloning and expression analysis of cathepsin D from kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus)
2016, 38(8): 52-61.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.006
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Cathepsin D is the principal member of lysosomal aspartic proteinase family which participates in various degradations of intracellular protein and plays important roles in normal metabolism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In this current study, the cDNA sequence of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) cathepsin D (MjCatD) was cloned for the first time through RACE technology, including a 1 161 bp open reading frame encoding 386 amino acids. Both sequence analysis and homology modeling revealed that the deduced protein of MjCatD contained well conserved N-glycosylation site, aspartic proteinase signature sequence, active site and the characteristic sequence of non-digestive cathepsin D, as well as presented a conserved bilobal structure. MjCatD shared high similarity with those from Penaeus monodon, Homarus americanus, Palaemon carinicauda, and clustered together with above three cathepsin Ds. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that MjCatD was ubiquitously expressed in all the examined tissues, predominantly in hepatopancreas. After challenging with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the expression level of MjCatD in the hepatopancreas was gradually down regulated during 3 h to 24 h, then very significantly increased (P<0.01) and peaked at 48 h compared to the control. MjCatD also showed obvious changes during different larval stages. These findings indicated that MjCatD may play key roles in the innate immune response and larval development of kuruma shrimp.
Cathepsin D is the principal member of lysosomal aspartic proteinase family which participates in various degradations of intracellular protein and plays important roles in normal metabolism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In this current study, the cDNA sequence of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) cathepsin D (MjCatD) was cloned for the first time through RACE technology, including a 1 161 bp open reading frame encoding 386 amino acids. Both sequence analysis and homology modeling revealed that the deduced protein of MjCatD contained well conserved N-glycosylation site, aspartic proteinase signature sequence, active site and the characteristic sequence of non-digestive cathepsin D, as well as presented a conserved bilobal structure. MjCatD shared high similarity with those from Penaeus monodon, Homarus americanus, Palaemon carinicauda, and clustered together with above three cathepsin Ds. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that MjCatD was ubiquitously expressed in all the examined tissues, predominantly in hepatopancreas. After challenging with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the expression level of MjCatD in the hepatopancreas was gradually down regulated during 3 h to 24 h, then very significantly increased (P<0.01) and peaked at 48 h compared to the control. MjCatD also showed obvious changes during different larval stages. These findings indicated that MjCatD may play key roles in the innate immune response and larval development of kuruma shrimp.
2016, 38(8): 62-72.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.007
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The taxonomy of the genus Parasesarma is one of the most problematic in the Sesarmidae, with their very similar morphology. We compared the morphology characteristics of Parasesarma affine, P. pictum, P. tripectinis, P. ungulatum(from the coast of China) and P. plicatum(from Singapore), and found that these five species could be distinguished from the shape of chelipeds(which included pectinate crest of dorsal surface of palm, the number of dactylar tubercles of the chelipeds)and the male first gonopod. The partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA gene of these five Parasesarma species were contributed to molecular phylogenetic analysis, and the result showed that the genetic distances was 1.9%~9.3% between interspecies, and had reached the level difference of interspecies; the phylogenetic tree indicated that P. affine and P. plicatum were clustered together and then clustered into a clade with P. ungulatum, P. pictum and P. tripectinis were clustered into a distinct clade. Both of evidence of morphological and molecular data supported that the five Parasesarma species were separate and valid species.
The taxonomy of the genus Parasesarma is one of the most problematic in the Sesarmidae, with their very similar morphology. We compared the morphology characteristics of Parasesarma affine, P. pictum, P. tripectinis, P. ungulatum(from the coast of China) and P. plicatum(from Singapore), and found that these five species could be distinguished from the shape of chelipeds(which included pectinate crest of dorsal surface of palm, the number of dactylar tubercles of the chelipeds)and the male first gonopod. The partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA gene of these five Parasesarma species were contributed to molecular phylogenetic analysis, and the result showed that the genetic distances was 1.9%~9.3% between interspecies, and had reached the level difference of interspecies; the phylogenetic tree indicated that P. affine and P. plicatum were clustered together and then clustered into a clade with P. ungulatum, P. pictum and P. tripectinis were clustered into a distinct clade. Both of evidence of morphological and molecular data supported that the five Parasesarma species were separate and valid species.
2016, 38(8): 73-82.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.008
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As an important member of HDACs family, HDAC1 can regulate gene expresstion and play a crucial role in cell differentiation and early embryonic development. Tg-HDAC1 cDNA was cloned by SMART RACE technique and then the bioinformatics, expression analysis, and intron amplification of Tg-HDAC1 were carried out in Tegillarca granosa. The full length of Tg-HDAC1 cDNA was 2 275 bp, containing a complete 1587 bp ORF encoding 528 amino acids. The homologous similarity between the blood clam and other species, such as Danio rerio, Gallus gallus, Mus musculus, was more than 80%, which indicate that HDAC1 is relatively conserved in the evolution. Thirteen introns of Tg-HDAC1 were amplified in ORF, which all of them follow the principle of GT-AG. The results of six tissue-specific expression by real time PCR showed that Tg-HDAC1 gene expressed in all tissues, and the expression of foot were significantly higher than other tissues(P<0.01), which suggest that the gene play an important role in the course of foot growth. The relative expression in different stages revealed that the expression of Tg-HDAC1 gradually increased with the process of the development, and showed the highest in trochophore stage (P<0.05).
As an important member of HDACs family, HDAC1 can regulate gene expresstion and play a crucial role in cell differentiation and early embryonic development. Tg-HDAC1 cDNA was cloned by SMART RACE technique and then the bioinformatics, expression analysis, and intron amplification of Tg-HDAC1 were carried out in Tegillarca granosa. The full length of Tg-HDAC1 cDNA was 2 275 bp, containing a complete 1587 bp ORF encoding 528 amino acids. The homologous similarity between the blood clam and other species, such as Danio rerio, Gallus gallus, Mus musculus, was more than 80%, which indicate that HDAC1 is relatively conserved in the evolution. Thirteen introns of Tg-HDAC1 were amplified in ORF, which all of them follow the principle of GT-AG. The results of six tissue-specific expression by real time PCR showed that Tg-HDAC1 gene expressed in all tissues, and the expression of foot were significantly higher than other tissues(P<0.01), which suggest that the gene play an important role in the course of foot growth. The relative expression in different stages revealed that the expression of Tg-HDAC1 gradually increased with the process of the development, and showed the highest in trochophore stage (P<0.05).
2016, 38(8): 83-92.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.009
Abstract:
Dissimilatory iron reduction microbes play an important role in iron geochemical cycle. Deep-sea hydrothermal activity is an important source of the oceanic iron. At present there are little research about iron metabolism microbes in deep-sea hydrothermal areas. In this report, the iron reduction capability of Caloranaerobacter ferrireducens DY22619T from deep sea was characterized. This article compared the iron reduction rate with three different iron oxides as electron acceptor, and analyzed the mineral morphology, element component and crystal face using Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM). The iron reduction rate was the fastest during from exponential to stationary phase and the rate with Amorphous FeOOH and Amorphous Fe(Ⅲ) Oxide was much higher reaching about 2.82 μmol/h and 2.15 μmol/h. TEM results showed the bacterium reduced all the three kinds of iron oxides and formed magnetite particles. The granule size of the magnetite formed with Goethite was the largest, but less in granule number. In addition, the crystal face derived from reducing Amorphous Fe(Ⅲ) Oxide was different from other two oxides. The results indicated the strain has a high potential in iron reducing Fe(Ⅲ) oxides and mineralization in anaerobic respiration. However, the properties of the magnetite and iron reduction rate is influenced by the character of iron oxides. These research indicated the role of dissimilatory iron reduction bacteria of this genus in iron geochemical cycle and biomineralization in deep sea hydrothermal areas.
Dissimilatory iron reduction microbes play an important role in iron geochemical cycle. Deep-sea hydrothermal activity is an important source of the oceanic iron. At present there are little research about iron metabolism microbes in deep-sea hydrothermal areas. In this report, the iron reduction capability of Caloranaerobacter ferrireducens DY22619T from deep sea was characterized. This article compared the iron reduction rate with three different iron oxides as electron acceptor, and analyzed the mineral morphology, element component and crystal face using Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM). The iron reduction rate was the fastest during from exponential to stationary phase and the rate with Amorphous FeOOH and Amorphous Fe(Ⅲ) Oxide was much higher reaching about 2.82 μmol/h and 2.15 μmol/h. TEM results showed the bacterium reduced all the three kinds of iron oxides and formed magnetite particles. The granule size of the magnetite formed with Goethite was the largest, but less in granule number. In addition, the crystal face derived from reducing Amorphous Fe(Ⅲ) Oxide was different from other two oxides. The results indicated the strain has a high potential in iron reducing Fe(Ⅲ) oxides and mineralization in anaerobic respiration. However, the properties of the magnetite and iron reduction rate is influenced by the character of iron oxides. These research indicated the role of dissimilatory iron reduction bacteria of this genus in iron geochemical cycle and biomineralization in deep sea hydrothermal areas.
2016, 38(8): 93-102.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.010
Abstract:
Two kinds of inorganic modified clay with three modifier/clay ratios were compared on the effect of removal and germination of Ulva prolifera microscopic propagules. The results indicated that removal efficiency increased with the rising amount of modified clay and modifier. AS modified clay was more effective than PAC modified clay, under the same concentration and modifier/clay ratio. The removal efficiency of 1:5 PAC modified clay under 0.5 g/L was 62 percent while AS modified clay was up to 80 percent. According to the data calculated after removal experiment, relative germination rate of microscopic propagules in upper water column decreased with the increasing of modified clay and modifier. In total water column, the relative germination rate rose firstly then fell with the peak at 0.1 g/L of modifier. Microscopic propagules treated with 1:3 modified clay failed to germinate under the concentration of 1.0 g/L in both AS and PAC modified clay. In general, suitable concentration of modified clay can remove the Ulva prolifera microscopic propagules effectively and inhibit their germination successfully, which provides a new possible way for the prevention and control of green tide disasters.
Two kinds of inorganic modified clay with three modifier/clay ratios were compared on the effect of removal and germination of Ulva prolifera microscopic propagules. The results indicated that removal efficiency increased with the rising amount of modified clay and modifier. AS modified clay was more effective than PAC modified clay, under the same concentration and modifier/clay ratio. The removal efficiency of 1:5 PAC modified clay under 0.5 g/L was 62 percent while AS modified clay was up to 80 percent. According to the data calculated after removal experiment, relative germination rate of microscopic propagules in upper water column decreased with the increasing of modified clay and modifier. In total water column, the relative germination rate rose firstly then fell with the peak at 0.1 g/L of modifier. Microscopic propagules treated with 1:3 modified clay failed to germinate under the concentration of 1.0 g/L in both AS and PAC modified clay. In general, suitable concentration of modified clay can remove the Ulva prolifera microscopic propagules effectively and inhibit their germination successfully, which provides a new possible way for the prevention and control of green tide disasters.
2016, 38(8): 103-114.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.011
Abstract:
The marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi is a eukaryotic microalga species crucial to the study of global biogeochemical cycles and climate modeling and also much of interest to those in biotechnology due to the capable of abundant bioactive metabolites production. Here, seven different kinds of antibiotics including ampicillin, kanamycin, G418, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, novobiocin and puromycin were used for the screening of antibiotic resistance. G418 was chosen most suitable selective antibiotics and the corresponding resistance gene "neo" as the marker for E. huxleyi genetic system. The promoter of the endogenic fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein gene "fcp" was cloned from E. huxleyi BOF92 strain. A construct was made containing the green fluorescent protein reporter gene "gfp" and screened G418 resistance gene "neo". The resultant recombinant transformation vectors pUC18-fcp-gfp and pUC18-fcp-neo were co-transferred into E. huxleyi by electroporation. Transformants were obtained upon G418 selection. The results presented the new genetic transformation system for E. huxleyi, providing additional genetic resource with potential for exploring basic biological questions and biotechnological applications.
The marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi is a eukaryotic microalga species crucial to the study of global biogeochemical cycles and climate modeling and also much of interest to those in biotechnology due to the capable of abundant bioactive metabolites production. Here, seven different kinds of antibiotics including ampicillin, kanamycin, G418, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, novobiocin and puromycin were used for the screening of antibiotic resistance. G418 was chosen most suitable selective antibiotics and the corresponding resistance gene "neo" as the marker for E. huxleyi genetic system. The promoter of the endogenic fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein gene "fcp" was cloned from E. huxleyi BOF92 strain. A construct was made containing the green fluorescent protein reporter gene "gfp" and screened G418 resistance gene "neo". The resultant recombinant transformation vectors pUC18-fcp-gfp and pUC18-fcp-neo were co-transferred into E. huxleyi by electroporation. Transformants were obtained upon G418 selection. The results presented the new genetic transformation system for E. huxleyi, providing additional genetic resource with potential for exploring basic biological questions and biotechnological applications.
2016, 38(8): 115-123.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.012
Abstract:
Spatial distribution and components of n-alkanes and PAHs in the core sediments were investigated in Zhanjiang bay, and their different and common sources were discussed by methods of principal component analysis, correlation analysis and ratios of L/H, CPI, Ant/(Ant+Phe), Flu/(Flu+Pyr), BaA/(BaA+Chry) and IP/(IP+BghiP). This study aimed to found the different and common characteristics of n-alkane and PAHs from human activities, and future discussed their sources and effects of human activity on marine environment. Both of n-alkanes and PAHs had the same spatial distributions. Their levels were higher in bay and lower in out of bay but non-significant changes in vertical sediment samples. The CPI, results of principal component analysis, components spectrum of n-alkane and PAHs and the ratios showed that high molecular n-alkanes (C25~C35) were predominantly from higher plants but C14~C24 n-alkanes were from anthropogenic sources of oil leakage, fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning as the sources of PAHs. The results of this study indicated that n-alkanes and PAHs had the same anthropogenic sources and good correlation but their quantitative relation need further study, and both of them can be used to disused the effects of human activities on marine environment.
Spatial distribution and components of n-alkanes and PAHs in the core sediments were investigated in Zhanjiang bay, and their different and common sources were discussed by methods of principal component analysis, correlation analysis and ratios of L/H, CPI, Ant/(Ant+Phe), Flu/(Flu+Pyr), BaA/(BaA+Chry) and IP/(IP+BghiP). This study aimed to found the different and common characteristics of n-alkane and PAHs from human activities, and future discussed their sources and effects of human activity on marine environment. Both of n-alkanes and PAHs had the same spatial distributions. Their levels were higher in bay and lower in out of bay but non-significant changes in vertical sediment samples. The CPI, results of principal component analysis, components spectrum of n-alkane and PAHs and the ratios showed that high molecular n-alkanes (C25~C35) were predominantly from higher plants but C14~C24 n-alkanes were from anthropogenic sources of oil leakage, fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning as the sources of PAHs. The results of this study indicated that n-alkanes and PAHs had the same anthropogenic sources and good correlation but their quantitative relation need further study, and both of them can be used to disused the effects of human activities on marine environment.
2016, 38(8): 124-131.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.08.013
Abstract:
The diel migration of zooplankton is closely related to the population fluctuation and feeding rhythm, and the study on the diel migration of zooplankton has become an important part of their community dynamics. In the present study, the diel vertical migration of zooplankton was studied by acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and laser particle analyzer (LISST-100) over 24 h off the coast of Zhejiang Province in summer 2013. The time series of backscatter coefficient (Sv) calculated by ADCP echo intensity and particle size spectrum from LISST-100 are used to study the vertical migration of zooplankton and its characteristics. Euchaeta concinna showed a remarkable diurnal vertical migration with a mean vertical speed is about 0.05 m/s. It feed in the thermocline at night, and hide in the bottom Taiwan warm water at daytime. It can be found from particle size spectrum that the large particle aggregate, meanwhile particles with size of 100-150 μm decrease in the thermocline at the night. The particle size of suspended particles has obvious diel rhythms in the water column, which indicate that there should be diurnal variation of biological community structure in different water level.
The diel migration of zooplankton is closely related to the population fluctuation and feeding rhythm, and the study on the diel migration of zooplankton has become an important part of their community dynamics. In the present study, the diel vertical migration of zooplankton was studied by acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and laser particle analyzer (LISST-100) over 24 h off the coast of Zhejiang Province in summer 2013. The time series of backscatter coefficient (Sv) calculated by ADCP echo intensity and particle size spectrum from LISST-100 are used to study the vertical migration of zooplankton and its characteristics. Euchaeta concinna showed a remarkable diurnal vertical migration with a mean vertical speed is about 0.05 m/s. It feed in the thermocline at night, and hide in the bottom Taiwan warm water at daytime. It can be found from particle size spectrum that the large particle aggregate, meanwhile particles with size of 100-150 μm decrease in the thermocline at the night. The particle size of suspended particles has obvious diel rhythms in the water column, which indicate that there should be diurnal variation of biological community structure in different water level.
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