2016 Vol. 38, No. 6
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2016, 38(6): .
Abstract:
2016, 38(6): 1-7.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.001
Abstract:
In this paper,plant height of invaded Spartina alterniflora in the coastal wetland was studied through fractional vegetation cover and aboveground biomass by using SPOT6 high spatial resolution satellite data. Results showed that,the average plant height was 2.04 m,most of the plant heights were between 1 m to 2 m and 2 m to 3 m,with distribution area of 6.83 km2 and 10.31 km2 respectively,accounting for about 33.83% and 51.06% of the total S.alterniflora area. While,plant height value less than 1 m and more than 3 m accounted for about 9.26% and 5.84% only. Root mean square error of estimated and measured value of S.alterniflora plant height was 0.204,and absolute error was between 0.04 m to 0.37 m. This study was an important test in high spatial resolution optical image application,obtained more accurate plant height in coastal wetland,and had good feasibility.
In this paper,plant height of invaded Spartina alterniflora in the coastal wetland was studied through fractional vegetation cover and aboveground biomass by using SPOT6 high spatial resolution satellite data. Results showed that,the average plant height was 2.04 m,most of the plant heights were between 1 m to 2 m and 2 m to 3 m,with distribution area of 6.83 km2 and 10.31 km2 respectively,accounting for about 33.83% and 51.06% of the total S.alterniflora area. While,plant height value less than 1 m and more than 3 m accounted for about 9.26% and 5.84% only. Root mean square error of estimated and measured value of S.alterniflora plant height was 0.204,and absolute error was between 0.04 m to 0.37 m. This study was an important test in high spatial resolution optical image application,obtained more accurate plant height in coastal wetland,and had good feasibility.
2016, 38(6): 8-20.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.002
Abstract:
Characterizing the distribution and sources of sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) in large-river dominated ocean margins (RiOMars) is an important part of the global carbon cycle research. Surface sediments were collected from 29 sites in the Bohai Sea (BS) in May 2012,and grain size composition,total organic carbon (TOC),total nitrogen (TN),stable carbon isotopic composition and lignin-phenols were analyzed to quantitatively study the dispersal and sources of SOC and its influential factors. The results showed that TOC content of surface sediments from the BS ranged broadly from 0.19% to 0.81%,and it was higher in samples from the mud deposit (>0.65%) than that from the sandy region (<0.40%). A significant positive relationship was observed between TOC and clay content,indicating that OC is easily associated with fine-grained sediments. The δ13C of TOC in this study ranged from -23.7‰ to -21.8‰,indicating a mixed contribution of OC from terrestrial and marine sources. The lignin indices,such as C/V,S/V and LPVI,showed that the lignin in surface sediments from the BS were originated from a mixture of woody and non-woody angiosperms,as well as the contribution of gymnosperms. The results of a three end-member mixing model based on Monte-Carlo Simulation indicated that marine OC is the major component of SOC (average 64%) in the study area,followed by soil OC (average 27%) and C3 vacular plant derived OC (average 9%). The highest marine OC contribution was mainly found in the mud deposit and offshore area of the BS,while soil OC and C3 vacular plant derived OC deposited mainly in the Yellow River estuary and adjacent nearshore areas but could be transported offshore.
Characterizing the distribution and sources of sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) in large-river dominated ocean margins (RiOMars) is an important part of the global carbon cycle research. Surface sediments were collected from 29 sites in the Bohai Sea (BS) in May 2012,and grain size composition,total organic carbon (TOC),total nitrogen (TN),stable carbon isotopic composition and lignin-phenols were analyzed to quantitatively study the dispersal and sources of SOC and its influential factors. The results showed that TOC content of surface sediments from the BS ranged broadly from 0.19% to 0.81%,and it was higher in samples from the mud deposit (>0.65%) than that from the sandy region (<0.40%). A significant positive relationship was observed between TOC and clay content,indicating that OC is easily associated with fine-grained sediments. The δ13C of TOC in this study ranged from -23.7‰ to -21.8‰,indicating a mixed contribution of OC from terrestrial and marine sources. The lignin indices,such as C/V,S/V and LPVI,showed that the lignin in surface sediments from the BS were originated from a mixture of woody and non-woody angiosperms,as well as the contribution of gymnosperms. The results of a three end-member mixing model based on Monte-Carlo Simulation indicated that marine OC is the major component of SOC (average 64%) in the study area,followed by soil OC (average 27%) and C3 vacular plant derived OC (average 9%). The highest marine OC contribution was mainly found in the mud deposit and offshore area of the BS,while soil OC and C3 vacular plant derived OC deposited mainly in the Yellow River estuary and adjacent nearshore areas but could be transported offshore.
2016, 38(6): 21-31.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.003
Abstract:
The starry flounder Platichthys stellatus is one of the superior flatfish species in China and occupies an important place in flatfish aquaculture. 350 brood fish consisting of 4 cultural populations were collected from Shandong Peninsula (Rizhao,Jiaonan,Weihai and Penglai). The body length and weight of 100 male and female brood fish were measured. The relationship of the power function between body length and weight was fitted as y=0.034 2x2.843 6 (R2=0.565) (female) and y=0.075 9x2.533 4 (R2=0.753 8) (male). 55 male and 46 female fish were used for artificial reproduction with 4.39 times spawning and 2.36 times spermatogenesis. There were 25 successful cross combinations,which reproduced 29 half-sib families and full-sib families. After 150-day culture,the weight,full length,body length and width of 1 640 fries were measured. Variance components were evaluated by using the minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimator (MINQUE). Heritability of growth-related traits was estimated by using additive-dominance model. Heritability (additive and dominant genetic effects) was predicted by using linear unbiased prediction (LUP). Results showed that the genetic correlations among four traits were 0.809-0.999 (P<0.01) and variance components of their additive and dominant genetic effects were significantly different (P<0.01). Narrow heritability was 0.311-0.444(P<0.01),while broad heritability was 0.377-0.525(P<0.01). Additive genetic effects analysis showed that 6 of 31 parents were extremely significantly positive in these 4 traits (P<0.01),while 10 parents were extremely significantly (P<0.01) or significantly negative (P<0.05). Dominant random effects analysis showed that 6 of 25 cross combinations were extremely significantly positive (P<0.01),while 8 were extremely significantly negative (P<0.01). All these results first provided abundant genetic data for the selection of good parents and cross combinations in the family lines establishment and seed culture of the starry flounder.
The starry flounder Platichthys stellatus is one of the superior flatfish species in China and occupies an important place in flatfish aquaculture. 350 brood fish consisting of 4 cultural populations were collected from Shandong Peninsula (Rizhao,Jiaonan,Weihai and Penglai). The body length and weight of 100 male and female brood fish were measured. The relationship of the power function between body length and weight was fitted as y=0.034 2x2.843 6 (R2=0.565) (female) and y=0.075 9x2.533 4 (R2=0.753 8) (male). 55 male and 46 female fish were used for artificial reproduction with 4.39 times spawning and 2.36 times spermatogenesis. There were 25 successful cross combinations,which reproduced 29 half-sib families and full-sib families. After 150-day culture,the weight,full length,body length and width of 1 640 fries were measured. Variance components were evaluated by using the minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimator (MINQUE). Heritability of growth-related traits was estimated by using additive-dominance model. Heritability (additive and dominant genetic effects) was predicted by using linear unbiased prediction (LUP). Results showed that the genetic correlations among four traits were 0.809-0.999 (P<0.01) and variance components of their additive and dominant genetic effects were significantly different (P<0.01). Narrow heritability was 0.311-0.444(P<0.01),while broad heritability was 0.377-0.525(P<0.01). Additive genetic effects analysis showed that 6 of 31 parents were extremely significantly positive in these 4 traits (P<0.01),while 10 parents were extremely significantly (P<0.01) or significantly negative (P<0.05). Dominant random effects analysis showed that 6 of 25 cross combinations were extremely significantly positive (P<0.01),while 8 were extremely significantly negative (P<0.01). All these results first provided abundant genetic data for the selection of good parents and cross combinations in the family lines establishment and seed culture of the starry flounder.
2016, 38(6): 32-40.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.004
Abstract:
Elemental fingerprints were measured on otolith of 125 Larimichthys polyactis juveniles collected from 5 important fishery regions in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Otolith elemental figerprints were used as natural tags to discriminate among different sampling regions and the observed site-specific elemental differences in small yellow croaker otoliths suggest a high level of site-fidelity in relation to the 5 fishery regions. Classification accuracy rates from linear discriminate function analyses (LDFA) of otolith chemistry data were high for each region with a mean accuracy of 86%,ranging from 65%-96%,considering every possible combination of elements. Furthermore,cluster analysis of multi-elemental tags suggest that the populations of juvenile fish could be divided into three groups,the Bohai group,the Central Yellow Sea group and the South Yellow Sea group.
Elemental fingerprints were measured on otolith of 125 Larimichthys polyactis juveniles collected from 5 important fishery regions in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Otolith elemental figerprints were used as natural tags to discriminate among different sampling regions and the observed site-specific elemental differences in small yellow croaker otoliths suggest a high level of site-fidelity in relation to the 5 fishery regions. Classification accuracy rates from linear discriminate function analyses (LDFA) of otolith chemistry data were high for each region with a mean accuracy of 86%,ranging from 65%-96%,considering every possible combination of elements. Furthermore,cluster analysis of multi-elemental tags suggest that the populations of juvenile fish could be divided into three groups,the Bohai group,the Central Yellow Sea group and the South Yellow Sea group.
2016, 38(6): 41-50.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.005
Abstract:
Knowledge of genome size is an important prerequisite for the development of many genomic resources. To better understand the evolution of genome size and their roles in environmental adaption, it is necessary to collect data covering a broad taxonomic base, especially from particular ecosystems. With high disturbance and unique environmental features, hydrothermal vent and cold seep offer a typical model to investigate the variation of genome size under extreme environments. Here we measured 10 deep-sea invertebrates from hydrothermal vent and cold seep by flow cytometry. The C-value ranged from 0.87 pg to 12.28 pg, and the crustaceans have larger genomes. Then we compared the three common species (Bathymodiolus platifrons, Shinkaia crosnieri and Alvinocaris longirostris) in both environments. Though with high level of intraspecific variations, no significant differences were revealed between two populations. We also compared the obtained genome sizes to their corresponding taxonomic relatives (at family or order level). No evidence of genome size expansion or reduction were found in invertebrates from chemosynthetic environments. In our study, there are no clear trends of the genome size variations under the extreme deep-sea ecological conditions.
Knowledge of genome size is an important prerequisite for the development of many genomic resources. To better understand the evolution of genome size and their roles in environmental adaption, it is necessary to collect data covering a broad taxonomic base, especially from particular ecosystems. With high disturbance and unique environmental features, hydrothermal vent and cold seep offer a typical model to investigate the variation of genome size under extreme environments. Here we measured 10 deep-sea invertebrates from hydrothermal vent and cold seep by flow cytometry. The C-value ranged from 0.87 pg to 12.28 pg, and the crustaceans have larger genomes. Then we compared the three common species (Bathymodiolus platifrons, Shinkaia crosnieri and Alvinocaris longirostris) in both environments. Though with high level of intraspecific variations, no significant differences were revealed between two populations. We also compared the obtained genome sizes to their corresponding taxonomic relatives (at family or order level). No evidence of genome size expansion or reduction were found in invertebrates from chemosynthetic environments. In our study, there are no clear trends of the genome size variations under the extreme deep-sea ecological conditions.
2016, 38(6): 51-61.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.006
Abstract:
The genetic diversity of common venomous Cubozoa and Scyphozoa jellyfish in the coastal waters of Thailand was investigated using the nuclear 18S and mitochondrial 16S rDNA genes. It was also compared about the capability of these two molecular markers to discriminate those common jellyfish species. There were 9 genetically distinctive species among the 32 samples collected from Thai waters, including 4 Cubozoa species, 4 Scyphozoans and 1 hydrozoan. However, it needs further information on the morphology and life cycle to determine the true taxonomic status of most species in this research. The K2P (Kimura 2-parameter) genetic distance was evaluated within and among the species based on the sequences of these two genes. The results showed much higher genetic divergence based on 16S gene (0－0.050 and 0.204－0.474 for intra-and inter-species genetic distances, respectively) compared with those using 18S gene (0－0.002 and 0.008－0.066 for intra-and inter-species genetic distances, respectively). At the same time, the A and T nucleotide composition of 16S gene was obviously higher than 18S gene. And significant variation of nucleotide composition was detected between two jellyfish classes using 16S gene, but not 18S gene. These results further indicated the relatively higher mutation rate of 16S gene, which could be applied for the genetic diversity studies among jellyfish species with close genetic relationship and the intra-species genetic population studies.
The genetic diversity of common venomous Cubozoa and Scyphozoa jellyfish in the coastal waters of Thailand was investigated using the nuclear 18S and mitochondrial 16S rDNA genes. It was also compared about the capability of these two molecular markers to discriminate those common jellyfish species. There were 9 genetically distinctive species among the 32 samples collected from Thai waters, including 4 Cubozoa species, 4 Scyphozoans and 1 hydrozoan. However, it needs further information on the morphology and life cycle to determine the true taxonomic status of most species in this research. The K2P (Kimura 2-parameter) genetic distance was evaluated within and among the species based on the sequences of these two genes. The results showed much higher genetic divergence based on 16S gene (0－0.050 and 0.204－0.474 for intra-and inter-species genetic distances, respectively) compared with those using 18S gene (0－0.002 and 0.008－0.066 for intra-and inter-species genetic distances, respectively). At the same time, the A and T nucleotide composition of 16S gene was obviously higher than 18S gene. And significant variation of nucleotide composition was detected between two jellyfish classes using 16S gene, but not 18S gene. These results further indicated the relatively higher mutation rate of 16S gene, which could be applied for the genetic diversity studies among jellyfish species with close genetic relationship and the intra-species genetic population studies.
2016, 38(6): 62-68.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.007
Abstract:
Interaction between Skeletonema costatum and Alexandrium minutum was investigated by bi-algal culture,filtrate culture in f/2 medium. The results showed that the cell-free filtrate of the S. costatum culture in later exponential growth phase inhibited the growth of A. minutum apparently,and the effect of inhibition was related to the proportion of S. costatum cell-free filtrate in the culture. The inhibited effect was more significant on the process of mixed culture,however there was no allelopathic effect of A. minutum on S. costatum. Moreover,the influence of self-allelochemical—15(S)-HEPE on the growth microalgae was studied by adding standard substance into the cultures of S. costatum and A. minutum. While this substance was not the allelochemical that inhibit the growth of A. minutum. Further studies would be focused on analyzing allelochemicals released by S. costatum in the filtrate culture.
Interaction between Skeletonema costatum and Alexandrium minutum was investigated by bi-algal culture,filtrate culture in f/2 medium. The results showed that the cell-free filtrate of the S. costatum culture in later exponential growth phase inhibited the growth of A. minutum apparently,and the effect of inhibition was related to the proportion of S. costatum cell-free filtrate in the culture. The inhibited effect was more significant on the process of mixed culture,however there was no allelopathic effect of A. minutum on S. costatum. Moreover,the influence of self-allelochemical—15(S)-HEPE on the growth microalgae was studied by adding standard substance into the cultures of S. costatum and A. minutum. While this substance was not the allelochemical that inhibit the growth of A. minutum. Further studies would be focused on analyzing allelochemicals released by S. costatum in the filtrate culture.
2016, 38(6): 69-81.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.008
Abstract:
In order to explore culturable microbial diversity,we separated bacteria and fungi from 5 different soil samples collected from the Fildes Peninsula during Chinese 31th Antarctic Scientific Expedition. The bacteria and fungi with great morphological differences were chosen to identify by 16S rDNA and ITS sequence. A total of 33 strains of bacteria belong to 20 genera and 8 strains of fungi belong to 6 genera. Among them,there are 8 strains of bacteria and 10 strains of fungi with low similarity. So we suspected that they were potential novel species. The results suggested that there is a relatively rich microbial diversity in Fildes Peninsula of Antarcticand, the majority of bacteria was Pseudomonas sp. Biochemical identification and enzymatic activity of culturable bacteria and fungi demonstrated that most of microorganism can produce hydrolytic enzymes and assimilate multiple carbon sources, which also proved that they could participate in substance metabolism and play a role to adapt to extreme environment of the Antarctic. This study enriched the soil culturable microbial diversity of Fildes Peninsula and some producing low temperature enzyme strains were screened,which may lay the foundation for resources utilization of polar microorganism.
In order to explore culturable microbial diversity,we separated bacteria and fungi from 5 different soil samples collected from the Fildes Peninsula during Chinese 31th Antarctic Scientific Expedition. The bacteria and fungi with great morphological differences were chosen to identify by 16S rDNA and ITS sequence. A total of 33 strains of bacteria belong to 20 genera and 8 strains of fungi belong to 6 genera. Among them,there are 8 strains of bacteria and 10 strains of fungi with low similarity. So we suspected that they were potential novel species. The results suggested that there is a relatively rich microbial diversity in Fildes Peninsula of Antarcticand, the majority of bacteria was Pseudomonas sp. Biochemical identification and enzymatic activity of culturable bacteria and fungi demonstrated that most of microorganism can produce hydrolytic enzymes and assimilate multiple carbon sources, which also proved that they could participate in substance metabolism and play a role to adapt to extreme environment of the Antarctic. This study enriched the soil culturable microbial diversity of Fildes Peninsula and some producing low temperature enzyme strains were screened,which may lay the foundation for resources utilization of polar microorganism.
2016, 38(6): 82-88.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.009
Abstract:
In present research,5S rDNA was amplified by the usual 5S rDNA primers in Genomic DNA of female and male Liobagrus marginatus,and sequenced. The results of amplification showed that there were not different in 5S rDNA between female and male of L.marginatus,and length of 5S rDNA was 117 bp. Using the method of double color Fluorescence In situ Hybridization (FISH),5S rDNA and 45S rDNA on metaphase chromosomes were located in L.marginatus. The results showed that 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA were located on sex chromosome and the 5th chromosome,respectively. Phylogenetic tree of 5S rDNA in L.marginatus and 22 fishes else was constructed by DNAman,so evolution position of L.marginatus in fishes was studied preliminarily. This study offer data accumulating and basis of analysis,to illustrate phyletic evolution of fishes and repeat sequences on sex chromosome,and relation of heterochromatin or repeat sequences and sex determination & differentiation in vertebrates.
In present research,5S rDNA was amplified by the usual 5S rDNA primers in Genomic DNA of female and male Liobagrus marginatus,and sequenced. The results of amplification showed that there were not different in 5S rDNA between female and male of L.marginatus,and length of 5S rDNA was 117 bp. Using the method of double color Fluorescence In situ Hybridization (FISH),5S rDNA and 45S rDNA on metaphase chromosomes were located in L.marginatus. The results showed that 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA were located on sex chromosome and the 5th chromosome,respectively. Phylogenetic tree of 5S rDNA in L.marginatus and 22 fishes else was constructed by DNAman,so evolution position of L.marginatus in fishes was studied preliminarily. This study offer data accumulating and basis of analysis,to illustrate phyletic evolution of fishes and repeat sequences on sex chromosome,and relation of heterochromatin or repeat sequences and sex determination & differentiation in vertebrates.
2016, 38(6): 89-97.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.010
Abstract:
We conducted a comparative study of reproductive traits ‘spawning body weight (SW),egg number (EN),egg diameter (ED),the fertilization rate (FR),the fertilized egg hatching rate (HR),interval of spawning consecutive (SI)’ of 15 Litopenaeus vannamei families for 60 d,and analysis the correlation between each reproductive trait. The results show that the spawning body weight (SW) of F414 was 55.36 g,which was significantly bigger than other families (P<0.05). The fecundity (EN) of F413 was most (265.2 thousand). The fertilization rate (FR) and the fertilized egg hatching rate (HR) respectively were 83.19% and 84.68%,which both are higher than others. The shortest intervals of spawning consecutive families were F407 and F401,respectively with 5.03 d and 5.07 d. At EN>200 thousand eggs,SI<9 d,FR>60% and HR>60% as selection criteria,selecting F401,F405,F407,F409,F413 and F415 six family female shrimp as candidates for strong reproductive breeding. The correlation coefficient between SW and EN,between EN and FR and between EN and HR,respectively were 0.260,0.155 and 0.239,which were all high significant correlated (P<0.01). However,the correlation coefficient between SI and HR and between SI and EN respectively were -0.121 with nagative significant correlated (P<0.05) and -0.078 with nagative high significant correlated (P<0.01). Studies have shown that L.vannamei females reproductive performance with a larger family selection potential and the fecundity (EN) and intervals of spawning consecutive (SI) should be the goal traits for high reproductive L.vannamer stain breeding.
We conducted a comparative study of reproductive traits ‘spawning body weight (SW),egg number (EN),egg diameter (ED),the fertilization rate (FR),the fertilized egg hatching rate (HR),interval of spawning consecutive (SI)’ of 15 Litopenaeus vannamei families for 60 d,and analysis the correlation between each reproductive trait. The results show that the spawning body weight (SW) of F414 was 55.36 g,which was significantly bigger than other families (P<0.05). The fecundity (EN) of F413 was most (265.2 thousand). The fertilization rate (FR) and the fertilized egg hatching rate (HR) respectively were 83.19% and 84.68%,which both are higher than others. The shortest intervals of spawning consecutive families were F407 and F401,respectively with 5.03 d and 5.07 d. At EN>200 thousand eggs,SI<9 d,FR>60% and HR>60% as selection criteria,selecting F401,F405,F407,F409,F413 and F415 six family female shrimp as candidates for strong reproductive breeding. The correlation coefficient between SW and EN,between EN and FR and between EN and HR,respectively were 0.260,0.155 and 0.239,which were all high significant correlated (P<0.01). However,the correlation coefficient between SI and HR and between SI and EN respectively were -0.121 with nagative significant correlated (P<0.05) and -0.078 with nagative high significant correlated (P<0.01). Studies have shown that L.vannamei females reproductive performance with a larger family selection potential and the fecundity (EN) and intervals of spawning consecutive (SI) should be the goal traits for high reproductive L.vannamer stain breeding.
2016, 38(6): 98-109.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.011
Abstract:
Total RNA in eyestalk of Oratosquilla oratoria was extracted and cDNA sequence of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) were obtained by RACE for the first time. The result showed that the full length of the CHH gene is 2 421 bp,containing an 180 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR),and 1 821 bp 3'UTR,and 420 bp open reading flame (ORF) which encoded 139 amino acids. Prediction of protein structure was composed of 23.74% α-helix,23.02% extension chain,53.24% random coil,and its molecular mass is 15 470 Daltons with an estimated pI of 7.049.The mature peptide contained six conserved Cys residues in CHH family. The C-terminus mature peptide was GK which has the same characteristics with ES-CHH. Based on protein similarity comparison,the separated CHH gene was classified into the type I CHH family of peptides. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CHH of O. oratoria and CHH of decapod species formed two subgroups on the same branch of the tree. The relative expression of CHH gene in different organizations was tested by real time fluorescent quantitative PCR,the expression was highest in the intestine,and then the eyestalk,antenna and brain,the expression is negligible in muscle and ovary,and no expression in testis.
Total RNA in eyestalk of Oratosquilla oratoria was extracted and cDNA sequence of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) were obtained by RACE for the first time. The result showed that the full length of the CHH gene is 2 421 bp,containing an 180 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR),and 1 821 bp 3'UTR,and 420 bp open reading flame (ORF) which encoded 139 amino acids. Prediction of protein structure was composed of 23.74% α-helix,23.02% extension chain,53.24% random coil,and its molecular mass is 15 470 Daltons with an estimated pI of 7.049.The mature peptide contained six conserved Cys residues in CHH family. The C-terminus mature peptide was GK which has the same characteristics with ES-CHH. Based on protein similarity comparison,the separated CHH gene was classified into the type I CHH family of peptides. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CHH of O. oratoria and CHH of decapod species formed two subgroups on the same branch of the tree. The relative expression of CHH gene in different organizations was tested by real time fluorescent quantitative PCR,the expression was highest in the intestine,and then the eyestalk,antenna and brain,the expression is negligible in muscle and ovary,and no expression in testis.
2016, 38(6): 110-118.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.012
Abstract:
The hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) is an economically important bivalve species in China. Aquaculture of M. meretrix is seriously affected by the epidemic diseases. The study of the immune system of M. meretrix is an important approach to solve disease problems. C-type lectins (CTLs) play important roles in the identification of pathogen associated molecular patterns and activation of humoral immunity. In the present study, a C-type lectin gene of M. meretrix(denoted as Mm-Lec1) was obtained through sequencing full-length cDNA library. The full-length cDNA of Mm-Lec1 was 586 bp with a 486 bp open reading frame, encoding 161 amino acids. The length of 5' and 3' untranslated region was 21 and 79 bp, respectively. The molecular weight of predicted protein was 18.65 kD, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 4.98. The predicted amino acid sequence had a signal peptide (Met1-Ser19), a sugar-binding site (QPN) and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The tertiary structure of Mm-Lec1 was predicted as a compact type and had a β sheet structure with three beta sheet layers. The similarity between Mm-Lec1 and the other species mentioned in this study were 20%-32%. Mm-Lec1, Mytilus galloprovincialis CTL 6 and Chlamys farreri CTL A were clustered in one branch in the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. Mm-Lec1 mRNA was expressed in all tested tissues, including gill, haemocytes, hepatopancreas, mantle, adductor muscle and gonad, with the highest expression level in gill, the second in haemocytes, and the least in gonad. In the bacteria exposure test, the mRNA expression level was lowest at 6 h, and highest at 48 h, suggesting that Mm-Lec1 play a role in defensing against bacterial invasion in M. meretrix.
The hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) is an economically important bivalve species in China. Aquaculture of M. meretrix is seriously affected by the epidemic diseases. The study of the immune system of M. meretrix is an important approach to solve disease problems. C-type lectins (CTLs) play important roles in the identification of pathogen associated molecular patterns and activation of humoral immunity. In the present study, a C-type lectin gene of M. meretrix(denoted as Mm-Lec1) was obtained through sequencing full-length cDNA library. The full-length cDNA of Mm-Lec1 was 586 bp with a 486 bp open reading frame, encoding 161 amino acids. The length of 5' and 3' untranslated region was 21 and 79 bp, respectively. The molecular weight of predicted protein was 18.65 kD, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 4.98. The predicted amino acid sequence had a signal peptide (Met1-Ser19), a sugar-binding site (QPN) and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The tertiary structure of Mm-Lec1 was predicted as a compact type and had a β sheet structure with three beta sheet layers. The similarity between Mm-Lec1 and the other species mentioned in this study were 20%-32%. Mm-Lec1, Mytilus galloprovincialis CTL 6 and Chlamys farreri CTL A were clustered in one branch in the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. Mm-Lec1 mRNA was expressed in all tested tissues, including gill, haemocytes, hepatopancreas, mantle, adductor muscle and gonad, with the highest expression level in gill, the second in haemocytes, and the least in gonad. In the bacteria exposure test, the mRNA expression level was lowest at 6 h, and highest at 48 h, suggesting that Mm-Lec1 play a role in defensing against bacterial invasion in M. meretrix.
2016, 38(6): 119-129.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.013
Abstract:
During July, 2011, samples were collected from a coastal hot spring of Kalianda, Indonesia. Clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes of bacteria and archaea, and hydrogenase genes were constructed. The sequences were determined, and the diversity were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that the coastal hot spring hosted 16 phyla. Proteobacteria was dominant in hydrothermal fluid and sediment, accounting for 59.5% and 73.3%, respectively. Cyanobacteria was the most abundant in mat with abundance of 56.5%. Ammonia oxidizing Crenarchaeota was predominant in archaea. More than 70% of the species were most related to marine microbes, indicating the marine property of this system. About 20% of the species were most related to the thermophilic or moderate thermophilic microbes from terrestrial hot springs. These species might originate from the hyperthermal subfloor and involve in the process of iron oxidation and reduction, hydrogen oxidation, sulfur oxidation and nitrate reduction. The composition and distribution of NAD(P)-linked bidirectional NiFe-hydrogenase and FeFe-hydrogenase genes were also shaped by temperature and salinity. Our research provided an insight into the shallow-sea hydrothermal system.
During July, 2011, samples were collected from a coastal hot spring of Kalianda, Indonesia. Clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes of bacteria and archaea, and hydrogenase genes were constructed. The sequences were determined, and the diversity were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that the coastal hot spring hosted 16 phyla. Proteobacteria was dominant in hydrothermal fluid and sediment, accounting for 59.5% and 73.3%, respectively. Cyanobacteria was the most abundant in mat with abundance of 56.5%. Ammonia oxidizing Crenarchaeota was predominant in archaea. More than 70% of the species were most related to marine microbes, indicating the marine property of this system. About 20% of the species were most related to the thermophilic or moderate thermophilic microbes from terrestrial hot springs. These species might originate from the hyperthermal subfloor and involve in the process of iron oxidation and reduction, hydrogen oxidation, sulfur oxidation and nitrate reduction. The composition and distribution of NAD(P)-linked bidirectional NiFe-hydrogenase and FeFe-hydrogenase genes were also shaped by temperature and salinity. Our research provided an insight into the shallow-sea hydrothermal system.
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