2015 Vol. 37, No. 2
Display Method:
2015, 37(2): .
Abstract:
2015, 37(2): 1-10.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.02.001
Abstract:
Oil collected from Tarim oilfield was poured with different proportions into oil collected from Shengli oilfield. The mixed oil samples were placed in an artificial climate chamber to simulate a short term weathering process and reveal short-term weathering effects on conventional biomarker diagnostic indicators of terpenes, steroids and PAHs(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)in these mixed oil samples. When the mixing ratio is more than 10%, the diversity of terpenes and steroids diagnostic indicators between mixed oils samples and single samples is positively correlated with the pour weight ratios. The fact that substantial changes after weathering process have happened in conventional ratios of naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene in these series of mixed oil samples indicates that these ratios are unsuitable as short term indicators, but they can be used to determine indirectly whether an oil spill occurred are mixed or not. According to short-term weathering patterns of conventional PAHs ratios, these series of mixed oil samples can be broadly divided into three categories: 0%, 10% and 20%-50%. The stability of RSD% of PAHs ratios in these series of oil samples are negatively correlated to the pour weight ratios.
Oil collected from Tarim oilfield was poured with different proportions into oil collected from Shengli oilfield. The mixed oil samples were placed in an artificial climate chamber to simulate a short term weathering process and reveal short-term weathering effects on conventional biomarker diagnostic indicators of terpenes, steroids and PAHs(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)in these mixed oil samples. When the mixing ratio is more than 10%, the diversity of terpenes and steroids diagnostic indicators between mixed oils samples and single samples is positively correlated with the pour weight ratios. The fact that substantial changes after weathering process have happened in conventional ratios of naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene in these series of mixed oil samples indicates that these ratios are unsuitable as short term indicators, but they can be used to determine indirectly whether an oil spill occurred are mixed or not. According to short-term weathering patterns of conventional PAHs ratios, these series of mixed oil samples can be broadly divided into three categories: 0%, 10% and 20%-50%. The stability of RSD% of PAHs ratios in these series of oil samples are negatively correlated to the pour weight ratios.
2015, 37(2): 11-24.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.02.002
Abstract:
Grain size and Sr-Nd isotope analyses are carried out for the core C0011 samples, the northern Shikoku Basin, obtained from the IODP Expedition 333. The results are used for a comparative study with the isotope data obtained from adjacent areas. The Holocene sediment in the Shikoku Basin shows the characteristics of two-end member mixing processes, i.e., the terrestrial constituent and the volcanic source. In terms of the geographical location, the material supply to the Shikoku Basin mainly consists of volcanic materials from the Izu-Bonin Arc, the mixing-type sediment from the northwest Japanese islands, and terrestrial sediment transported by the prevailing westerly winds, monsoon or rivers from the Asian mainland. In general, the materials from the northwest Japanese islands represent the largest contribution. In comparison with the sediment from the central Shikoku Basin and the Japan Sea, the sedimentary materials from the northern Basin display a relatively large contribution by terrestrial sources. Based upon the negative correlation between 87Sr/86Sr and εNd, together with the 87Sr/86Sr ratio and mean grain size, the relative contribution of terrestrial sources indicates a multi-periodic variation pattern as increase, decrease, increase, decrease, according to the chronological sequence.
Grain size and Sr-Nd isotope analyses are carried out for the core C0011 samples, the northern Shikoku Basin, obtained from the IODP Expedition 333. The results are used for a comparative study with the isotope data obtained from adjacent areas. The Holocene sediment in the Shikoku Basin shows the characteristics of two-end member mixing processes, i.e., the terrestrial constituent and the volcanic source. In terms of the geographical location, the material supply to the Shikoku Basin mainly consists of volcanic materials from the Izu-Bonin Arc, the mixing-type sediment from the northwest Japanese islands, and terrestrial sediment transported by the prevailing westerly winds, monsoon or rivers from the Asian mainland. In general, the materials from the northwest Japanese islands represent the largest contribution. In comparison with the sediment from the central Shikoku Basin and the Japan Sea, the sedimentary materials from the northern Basin display a relatively large contribution by terrestrial sources. Based upon the negative correlation between 87Sr/86Sr and εNd, together with the 87Sr/86Sr ratio and mean grain size, the relative contribution of terrestrial sources indicates a multi-periodic variation pattern as increase, decrease, increase, decrease, according to the chronological sequence.
2015, 37(2): 25-35.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.02.003
Abstract:
The central canyon system(CCS) in Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB), a large axial submarine canyon, can be characteriszed by "segmentation". Its different segmentation has different changes of sedimentary evolution and internal architectures of the CCS. The Lingshui segmentation of the CCS, located in the western of the canyon, is the key of the exploration of deep canyon area, with very good reservoir physical property. In order to further understand the sedimentary evolution and internal architectures of the channel-levee complexes of the Lingshui CCS (LSCCS)based on new 3D seismic data and drilling-hole, the present study described and discussed internal architectures, paleontology chronostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the drilling hole. We could divide five sub-sequence cycle for the Huangliu formation of the LSCCS, analyze the shaped and attributed characteristics in the seismic profile, and study the microfacies and their plane distribution in each sub-sequence cycle. By the study of sedimentary microfacies spatial evolution characteristics, it will be helpful for guiding the further oil and gas exploration.
The central canyon system(CCS) in Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB), a large axial submarine canyon, can be characteriszed by "segmentation". Its different segmentation has different changes of sedimentary evolution and internal architectures of the CCS. The Lingshui segmentation of the CCS, located in the western of the canyon, is the key of the exploration of deep canyon area, with very good reservoir physical property. In order to further understand the sedimentary evolution and internal architectures of the channel-levee complexes of the Lingshui CCS (LSCCS)based on new 3D seismic data and drilling-hole, the present study described and discussed internal architectures, paleontology chronostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the drilling hole. We could divide five sub-sequence cycle for the Huangliu formation of the LSCCS, analyze the shaped and attributed characteristics in the seismic profile, and study the microfacies and their plane distribution in each sub-sequence cycle. By the study of sedimentary microfacies spatial evolution characteristics, it will be helpful for guiding the further oil and gas exploration.
2015, 37(2): 36-43.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.02.004
Abstract:
An electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) was used to analyze the profile of otolith Sr and Ca microchemistry of wild Pampus argenteus and Miichthys miiuy in the Southern Yellow Sea, China. Results of line transect analysis clearly indicated that inter-species differences in the otolith Sr:Ca concentration ratios were remarkable. In P. argenteus, the otolith core showed low Sr/Ca ratios (5.86±0.92), while the areas around core, 1-year ring and edge of otolith presented the high Sr/Ca ratios[(7.88±1.28),(9.44±1.82) and (7.91±1.38),respectively]. A moderate salinity habitat seemed to be necessary for the hatching and early ontogenetic development of P. argenteus. However, in development stages of YOY (young of the year), P. argenteus may need two phases of high salinity habitats, one of which was at age 1 year. For the M. miiuy, Sr/Ca ratios (7.72±0.97) in otolith core were higher than those in the remaining areas. The high salinity habitat seemed to be required at the stages of hatching and post-hatching development of M. miiuy, while reduced salinity habitat might be preferable for the development and growth at the remaining stages of the YOY life history.
An electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) was used to analyze the profile of otolith Sr and Ca microchemistry of wild Pampus argenteus and Miichthys miiuy in the Southern Yellow Sea, China. Results of line transect analysis clearly indicated that inter-species differences in the otolith Sr:Ca concentration ratios were remarkable. In P. argenteus, the otolith core showed low Sr/Ca ratios (5.86±0.92), while the areas around core, 1-year ring and edge of otolith presented the high Sr/Ca ratios[(7.88±1.28),(9.44±1.82) and (7.91±1.38),respectively]. A moderate salinity habitat seemed to be necessary for the hatching and early ontogenetic development of P. argenteus. However, in development stages of YOY (young of the year), P. argenteus may need two phases of high salinity habitats, one of which was at age 1 year. For the M. miiuy, Sr/Ca ratios (7.72±0.97) in otolith core were higher than those in the remaining areas. The high salinity habitat seemed to be required at the stages of hatching and post-hatching development of M. miiuy, while reduced salinity habitat might be preferable for the development and growth at the remaining stages of the YOY life history.
2015, 37(2): 44-54.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.02.005
Abstract:
Based on an oceanographic comprehensive survey at the frequent HABs area in the East China Sea from March 29th 2011 to 27th May 2011, species composition, spatio-temporal distribution and relationship with environmental factors were discussed. A total of 27 species were collected. The top abundant species include Engraulis japonicas, Gobiidae sp., Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Larimichthys polyactis, comprising 91.23% of the total catches. According to the spatio-temporal distribution of abundance and developmental stages composition, E. japonicas showed two spawning peaks and indicated a trend of inshore drifting, while A. hexanema and L. polyactis had only one spawning peak and utilized Zhoushan archipelago as nursery ground. These larval and juvenile fishes utilize this area for spawning, nursing and inshore drifting respectively, once HABs occur, the recruitment would be negatively affected. Multivariate analysis showed no significant relationship between larval and juvenile fish assemblages and involved environmental factors, the location of spawning ground and nursing pattern may be more important reasons.
Based on an oceanographic comprehensive survey at the frequent HABs area in the East China Sea from March 29th 2011 to 27th May 2011, species composition, spatio-temporal distribution and relationship with environmental factors were discussed. A total of 27 species were collected. The top abundant species include Engraulis japonicas, Gobiidae sp., Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Larimichthys polyactis, comprising 91.23% of the total catches. According to the spatio-temporal distribution of abundance and developmental stages composition, E. japonicas showed two spawning peaks and indicated a trend of inshore drifting, while A. hexanema and L. polyactis had only one spawning peak and utilized Zhoushan archipelago as nursery ground. These larval and juvenile fishes utilize this area for spawning, nursing and inshore drifting respectively, once HABs occur, the recruitment would be negatively affected. Multivariate analysis showed no significant relationship between larval and juvenile fish assemblages and involved environmental factors, the location of spawning ground and nursing pattern may be more important reasons.
2015, 37(2): 55-64.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.02.006
Abstract:
In order to efficiently capture actinomycetes from mangrove rhizosphere soils in Guangxi, traps for particularly cultivating actinomycetes in situ were implanted into soil and were incubated for thirty days. A general selective isolation procedure was employed onto fifteen different media. Phylogenetic neighbour-joining tree was conducted on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates and type strains. The biological activities and enzyme production of the isolated strains were evaluated. One hundred thirty-three actinomycetes were recovered. Of the thirty-three randomly picked isolates, twenty were Streptomyces, eleven were Nocardiopsis and one was Actinosynnema. One isolate, GXUN10, was most closely related to Nocardiopsis with a low 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 90.0%, and might represent a new genus. Seven, four, eighteen, six, ten and three isolates showed antimicrobial activities respectively to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteusbacillus vulgaris, Hemolytic streptococcus and Pneumococcus. Fifty-five, sixty-two, twenty-two and seventy-two isolates respectively showed cellulase, amylase, collagen enzyme and esterase activities. This study provides further evidence that unusual and rare actinomycetes from mangrove rhizosphere soils in Guangxi can be recovered by in situ cultivation traps.
In order to efficiently capture actinomycetes from mangrove rhizosphere soils in Guangxi, traps for particularly cultivating actinomycetes in situ were implanted into soil and were incubated for thirty days. A general selective isolation procedure was employed onto fifteen different media. Phylogenetic neighbour-joining tree was conducted on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates and type strains. The biological activities and enzyme production of the isolated strains were evaluated. One hundred thirty-three actinomycetes were recovered. Of the thirty-three randomly picked isolates, twenty were Streptomyces, eleven were Nocardiopsis and one was Actinosynnema. One isolate, GXUN10, was most closely related to Nocardiopsis with a low 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 90.0%, and might represent a new genus. Seven, four, eighteen, six, ten and three isolates showed antimicrobial activities respectively to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteusbacillus vulgaris, Hemolytic streptococcus and Pneumococcus. Fifty-five, sixty-two, twenty-two and seventy-two isolates respectively showed cellulase, amylase, collagen enzyme and esterase activities. This study provides further evidence that unusual and rare actinomycetes from mangrove rhizosphere soils in Guangxi can be recovered by in situ cultivation traps.
2015, 37(2): 65-74.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.02.007
Abstract:
Based on the data of three cruises in Spring (March to May) of 2011 that carried out in the south of Yangtze estuary where was high frequent occurrence of harmful algal blooms, the concentration and the spatial distribution of urea were analyzed and its influencing factors were discussed. The results showed: The concentration of urea ranged from detection limit to 6.32 μmol/L and its average was(1.33±0.84 )μmol/L. Urea was an important form of dissolved organic nitrogen during the survey. The ratio of urea to DIN was 8.73%-18.04% and the proportion of urea in DON was 5.63%-15.73%.The occurrence of diatom HABs and dinoflagellate HABs could affect the content and distribution of urea in the invested area and control the urea concentration and distribution characteristics in this area. The decreased ratio of urea and DIN were 36.67%, 49.88% after diatom HABs, respectively; after dinoflagellate HABs, urea and DIN decreased 8.78% and 28.97%. In the diatom HABsarea, the zones of high urea concentration and high chlorophyll were in the same position and the urea content was significantly higher than that of normal zones. In the dinoflagellate HABs area, the zones of high chlorophyll values were corresponded to the zones of low urea values, urea generally reduced to 1 μmol/L in this area. Urea was a kind of effective nitrogen source for phytoplankton of dinoflagellate. During the large scale HABs of diatom and dinoflagellate and their succession process in the invested area, the distribution of urea had no characteristic of gradual reduction from inshore to offshore. Urea concentration and salinity had no significant correlation. During the investigation, terrigenous input was not the main factor affecting the distribution of urea.
Based on the data of three cruises in Spring (March to May) of 2011 that carried out in the south of Yangtze estuary where was high frequent occurrence of harmful algal blooms, the concentration and the spatial distribution of urea were analyzed and its influencing factors were discussed. The results showed: The concentration of urea ranged from detection limit to 6.32 μmol/L and its average was(1.33±0.84 )μmol/L. Urea was an important form of dissolved organic nitrogen during the survey. The ratio of urea to DIN was 8.73%-18.04% and the proportion of urea in DON was 5.63%-15.73%.The occurrence of diatom HABs and dinoflagellate HABs could affect the content and distribution of urea in the invested area and control the urea concentration and distribution characteristics in this area. The decreased ratio of urea and DIN were 36.67%, 49.88% after diatom HABs, respectively; after dinoflagellate HABs, urea and DIN decreased 8.78% and 28.97%. In the diatom HABsarea, the zones of high urea concentration and high chlorophyll were in the same position and the urea content was significantly higher than that of normal zones. In the dinoflagellate HABs area, the zones of high chlorophyll values were corresponded to the zones of low urea values, urea generally reduced to 1 μmol/L in this area. Urea was a kind of effective nitrogen source for phytoplankton of dinoflagellate. During the large scale HABs of diatom and dinoflagellate and their succession process in the invested area, the distribution of urea had no characteristic of gradual reduction from inshore to offshore. Urea concentration and salinity had no significant correlation. During the investigation, terrigenous input was not the main factor affecting the distribution of urea.
2015, 37(2): 75-84.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.02.008
Abstract:
In order to assess the metal toxicity in sediments in Bohai Sea, seventy-two surface sediment samples have been collected in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay. The acid volatile sulfide (AVS), simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined, and the equilibrium partitioning model (EqP Mode) were applied to assess the sediment toxicity. The results showed that, eight stations have exceeded the toxicity threshold of the EqP Model, indicating potential metal toxicity in sediments, while 61% stations were in absence of toxicity. Meanwhile, the total (bulk) metal content has also been determined and several empirical sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) were applied to assess the quality of the sediments. Although the Cu, Ni and Cr concentrations at some stations exceeded the SQGs, the SQGs, however, may not be suitable for use in the Bohai Sea owing to the background concentrations. In the end, it is concluded that the EqP Model is a more effective method to assess the metal bioavailability and toxicity in sediments, especially for the Chinese nearshore sediments, which may contain relatively low TOC and AVS concentrations and therefore result higher metal toxicity. The EqP Model should be paid more attention and applied more often to assess the sediment metal toxicity in China.
In order to assess the metal toxicity in sediments in Bohai Sea, seventy-two surface sediment samples have been collected in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay. The acid volatile sulfide (AVS), simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined, and the equilibrium partitioning model (EqP Mode) were applied to assess the sediment toxicity. The results showed that, eight stations have exceeded the toxicity threshold of the EqP Model, indicating potential metal toxicity in sediments, while 61% stations were in absence of toxicity. Meanwhile, the total (bulk) metal content has also been determined and several empirical sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) were applied to assess the quality of the sediments. Although the Cu, Ni and Cr concentrations at some stations exceeded the SQGs, the SQGs, however, may not be suitable for use in the Bohai Sea owing to the background concentrations. In the end, it is concluded that the EqP Model is a more effective method to assess the metal bioavailability and toxicity in sediments, especially for the Chinese nearshore sediments, which may contain relatively low TOC and AVS concentrations and therefore result higher metal toxicity. The EqP Model should be paid more attention and applied more often to assess the sediment metal toxicity in China.
Scavenging mechanism of dissolved Al by phytoplankton: Inspiration from filed incubation experiments
2015, 37(2): 85-92.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.02.009
Abstract:
The scavenging mechanism of dissolved Al by the growth of phytoplankton was investigated through field incubation experiments in the present study. The experiments were allocated into 4 groups: control group, N/P/Si-enrichment group, N/P/Si/Al-enrichment group and dust-enrichment group. The results showed that the phytoplankton cells growth rate of the control group was 0.48 d-1, the two enrichment groups increased to 0.68 d-1, the growth rate of the dust-enrichment group was between them. Nutrients were declining until exhausted in each groups during the incubation period. The concentration of dissolved Al decreased slowly in the control group and N/P/Si-enrichment group. Dissolved Al concentrations decreased 40% during the exponential growth phase of the N/P/Si/Al-enrichment group, and increased during decline phase. The concentration of dissolved Al increased steadily with time in the dust-enrichment group. Total and intra-cellular Al was differentiated using oxalate reagent (Oxalate-EDTA-Citrate). Results showed that the total Al and the intra-cellular Al content in the phytoplankton cells of the control group was (3.6±0.1) mg/g and (2.1±0.3) mg/g, respectively. In the N/P/Si/Al-enrichment group, it was increased to (5.1±0.3) mg/g and (3.2±0.4) mg/g. The growth of phytoplankton can remove dissolved Al in the ocean significantly, and its primary removal mechanism is absorption by phytoplankton cells, supplemented by adsorption by phytoplankton cells.
The scavenging mechanism of dissolved Al by the growth of phytoplankton was investigated through field incubation experiments in the present study. The experiments were allocated into 4 groups: control group, N/P/Si-enrichment group, N/P/Si/Al-enrichment group and dust-enrichment group. The results showed that the phytoplankton cells growth rate of the control group was 0.48 d-1, the two enrichment groups increased to 0.68 d-1, the growth rate of the dust-enrichment group was between them. Nutrients were declining until exhausted in each groups during the incubation period. The concentration of dissolved Al decreased slowly in the control group and N/P/Si-enrichment group. Dissolved Al concentrations decreased 40% during the exponential growth phase of the N/P/Si/Al-enrichment group, and increased during decline phase. The concentration of dissolved Al increased steadily with time in the dust-enrichment group. Total and intra-cellular Al was differentiated using oxalate reagent (Oxalate-EDTA-Citrate). Results showed that the total Al and the intra-cellular Al content in the phytoplankton cells of the control group was (3.6±0.1) mg/g and (2.1±0.3) mg/g, respectively. In the N/P/Si/Al-enrichment group, it was increased to (5.1±0.3) mg/g and (3.2±0.4) mg/g. The growth of phytoplankton can remove dissolved Al in the ocean significantly, and its primary removal mechanism is absorption by phytoplankton cells, supplemented by adsorption by phytoplankton cells.
2015, 37(2): 93-103.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.02.010
Abstract:
Stable isotope technique has been increasingly applied in food web studies in the past two decades. In the study, we used the stable nitrogen isotope to analyze the trophic levels (TLs) of the 71 fishes belonging to 61 genera, 42 families and 13 orders, which were sampled from June to August 2013 in the Jiulong River Estuary. The δ15N values of fishes showed the significant variation, ranging from 7.23‰ to 14.66‰. Benthic filter-feeder Ruditapes philippinarum was used as baseline organism, and the estimated TLs of fishes ranged from 1.70 of Pseudorhombus oligodon to 3.89 of Sillago sihama, respectively. Compared to the data from Fishbase, it was found that the TLs of a majority of fishes (83.1%) fell within the range of Fishbase, but 83.1% of fish species was modestly lower in TL than Fishbase data. The TLs of 58.3% species estimated by stable isotope technique differed by less than 0.5 with TLs by traditional stomach content analysis. Relatively low TLs based on stable nitrogen isotope may attribute to the fact that the collected samples in our study were mainly composed of young and juvenile fishes. Our results demonstrate that stable isotope technology is a more useful tool in the estimation of TLs of juvenile fishes. In our study, TLs of some fishes varied significantly with the body size and showed species-specific characteristics: TLs of Tridentiger barbatus and Chelidonichthys kumu spanned 1.54 and 1.43 with body size increasing, respectively, which was far higher than that of Ilisha elongate. Dietary shift of different fishes may be the main factors leading to the difference.
Stable isotope technique has been increasingly applied in food web studies in the past two decades. In the study, we used the stable nitrogen isotope to analyze the trophic levels (TLs) of the 71 fishes belonging to 61 genera, 42 families and 13 orders, which were sampled from June to August 2013 in the Jiulong River Estuary. The δ15N values of fishes showed the significant variation, ranging from 7.23‰ to 14.66‰. Benthic filter-feeder Ruditapes philippinarum was used as baseline organism, and the estimated TLs of fishes ranged from 1.70 of Pseudorhombus oligodon to 3.89 of Sillago sihama, respectively. Compared to the data from Fishbase, it was found that the TLs of a majority of fishes (83.1%) fell within the range of Fishbase, but 83.1% of fish species was modestly lower in TL than Fishbase data. The TLs of 58.3% species estimated by stable isotope technique differed by less than 0.5 with TLs by traditional stomach content analysis. Relatively low TLs based on stable nitrogen isotope may attribute to the fact that the collected samples in our study were mainly composed of young and juvenile fishes. Our results demonstrate that stable isotope technology is a more useful tool in the estimation of TLs of juvenile fishes. In our study, TLs of some fishes varied significantly with the body size and showed species-specific characteristics: TLs of Tridentiger barbatus and Chelidonichthys kumu spanned 1.54 and 1.43 with body size increasing, respectively, which was far higher than that of Ilisha elongate. Dietary shift of different fishes may be the main factors leading to the difference.
2015, 37(2): 104-110.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.02.011
Abstract:
Objective:to explore the tissue localization, immune function and the possible mechanism of Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β in Crassostrea gigas. Methods:using real-time PCR, in situ hybridization and image analysis methods, the expressions of Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β were studied. Results:the results of real-time PCR showed that the expressions of Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β were up-regulated in the tissues of C. gigas, including gills, mantle edge, labial palp, digestive tract, adductor muscle after being infected with Vibrio, and so did in pericardiac liquor. The results of in situ hybridization assay indicated that both Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β expressed in tissues of uninfected group, including digestive tract, digestive glands, gills, labial palp and mantle edge. In Vibrio injected oysters, the expressions of Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β in above-mentioned tissues increased obviously compared with the same control tissues. The highest expressions of the two genes were found in digestive tract and digestive glands, and the weak expressions were appeared in adductor muscle. But no positive signal was found in gonad of the two groups. Correlation analysis implied that there is significant correlation between Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β in labial palp and mantle edge. Conclusion:Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β possess a variety of biological effects. Their expressions markedly increased in C. gigas after Vibrio-infection, suggesting that both cytokines take part in the innate immune response. The digestive tract may be one of the important immune organs of Crassostrea gigas, because the strongest signals of the two genes were found in the tissue. There is regulatory or synergistic action between Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β in labial palp and mantle edge probably.
Objective:to explore the tissue localization, immune function and the possible mechanism of Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β in Crassostrea gigas. Methods:using real-time PCR, in situ hybridization and image analysis methods, the expressions of Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β were studied. Results:the results of real-time PCR showed that the expressions of Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β were up-regulated in the tissues of C. gigas, including gills, mantle edge, labial palp, digestive tract, adductor muscle after being infected with Vibrio, and so did in pericardiac liquor. The results of in situ hybridization assay indicated that both Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β expressed in tissues of uninfected group, including digestive tract, digestive glands, gills, labial palp and mantle edge. In Vibrio injected oysters, the expressions of Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β in above-mentioned tissues increased obviously compared with the same control tissues. The highest expressions of the two genes were found in digestive tract and digestive glands, and the weak expressions were appeared in adductor muscle. But no positive signal was found in gonad of the two groups. Correlation analysis implied that there is significant correlation between Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β in labial palp and mantle edge. Conclusion:Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β possess a variety of biological effects. Their expressions markedly increased in C. gigas after Vibrio-infection, suggesting that both cytokines take part in the innate immune response. The digestive tract may be one of the important immune organs of Crassostrea gigas, because the strongest signals of the two genes were found in the tissue. There is regulatory or synergistic action between Cg-IL-17 and Cg-TGF-β in labial palp and mantle edge probably.
2015, 37(2): 111-119.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.02.012
Abstract:
Based on the zooplankton samples from stations in the Minjiang River Estuary in September 2008 and Jiaojiang River Estuary in August 2010. The species composition, eco-groups, dominant species and differences in ecological adaptation of the zooplankton in two area were analyzed and compared. The differences in community structure of Minjiang River Estuary and Jiaojiang River Estuary and the impact of variation of water masses on these ecological characters was discussed. The results indicated that 13 warm temperate speices were founded in Jiaojiang River Estuary, because it was strongly influenced by the upwelling, it was the reason that the species number of Jiaojiang River Estuary (44) was more than Minjiang River Estuary(36). The 6 dominant species of Minjiang River Estuary were mainly subtropical species because it was influenced by Taiwan Warm Current in summer, Jiaojiang River Estuary had 7 dominant species which included 4 subtropical species and 3 warm temperate speices. According to the point of optimum temperature, both Minjiang River Estuary and Jiaojiang River Estuary were mainly consisted by subtropical species, some warm temperate speices were also founded in Jiaojiang River Estuary because of the reason of upwelling. According to the point of optimum Salinity, Jiaojiang River Estuary was mainly consisted by nearshore species, Minjiang River Estuary was mainly consisted by offshore species, which was the major difference of the ecological groups of two waters. The community structure of zooplankton in Minjiang River Estuary were strongly influenced by the coastal curent and the Taiwan Warm Curent, but Jiaojiang River Estuary was mainly affected by the coastal current and the upwelling. Comparison and analysis of the community structure of zooplankton between Minjiang River Estuary and Jiaojiang River Estuary indicated that the water mass is an important factor in formation of the community.
Based on the zooplankton samples from stations in the Minjiang River Estuary in September 2008 and Jiaojiang River Estuary in August 2010. The species composition, eco-groups, dominant species and differences in ecological adaptation of the zooplankton in two area were analyzed and compared. The differences in community structure of Minjiang River Estuary and Jiaojiang River Estuary and the impact of variation of water masses on these ecological characters was discussed. The results indicated that 13 warm temperate speices were founded in Jiaojiang River Estuary, because it was strongly influenced by the upwelling, it was the reason that the species number of Jiaojiang River Estuary (44) was more than Minjiang River Estuary(36). The 6 dominant species of Minjiang River Estuary were mainly subtropical species because it was influenced by Taiwan Warm Current in summer, Jiaojiang River Estuary had 7 dominant species which included 4 subtropical species and 3 warm temperate speices. According to the point of optimum temperature, both Minjiang River Estuary and Jiaojiang River Estuary were mainly consisted by subtropical species, some warm temperate speices were also founded in Jiaojiang River Estuary because of the reason of upwelling. According to the point of optimum Salinity, Jiaojiang River Estuary was mainly consisted by nearshore species, Minjiang River Estuary was mainly consisted by offshore species, which was the major difference of the ecological groups of two waters. The community structure of zooplankton in Minjiang River Estuary were strongly influenced by the coastal curent and the Taiwan Warm Curent, but Jiaojiang River Estuary was mainly affected by the coastal current and the upwelling. Comparison and analysis of the community structure of zooplankton between Minjiang River Estuary and Jiaojiang River Estuary indicated that the water mass is an important factor in formation of the community.
2015, 37(2): 120-129.
Abstract:
Surface water samples were collected in order to study the spatial distribution of phytoplankton community in the Sunda Shelf and the Strait of Malacca during March and May 2013. Significant spatial variations of phytoplankton total Chl a(TChl a) biomass and community structure were observed using the photosynthetic pigments method. The TChl a biomass was low to some extent in the Sunda Shelf during the intermonsoon season, when and where the minimum value was only 0.014 μg/L at Sta. SS4 in the Java Sea, and the average was (0.083±0.043) μg/L in the Sunda Shelf. The picophytoplankton dominated in the Sunda Shelf and contributed more than 80% of the total biomass. The salinity gradient was distinct along the Strait of Malacca from northwest to the southeast. And the lowest salinity appeared at Sta. SM5 with the highest TChl a concentration (1.080 μg/L), which was outstanding from the average value of all the strait stations . The Synechococcus dominated 60%-80% of the total phytoplankton biomass at the stations in the Sunda Shelf and SM1-SM4. Even though the TChl a concentrations was less than it at Sta. SM5, they were still apparently higher at Sta. SM6 and SM7 than the biomass at the other stations. And the Diatoms contributed more than 20% at these two stations as a result of the higher nutrient concentration carrying by the river runoff, especially for phosphate and silicate. On the contrary, the superiority of Synechococcus might be weakened by the intrusion of low-salinity, high-nutrients water.
Surface water samples were collected in order to study the spatial distribution of phytoplankton community in the Sunda Shelf and the Strait of Malacca during March and May 2013. Significant spatial variations of phytoplankton total Chl a(TChl a) biomass and community structure were observed using the photosynthetic pigments method. The TChl a biomass was low to some extent in the Sunda Shelf during the intermonsoon season, when and where the minimum value was only 0.014 μg/L at Sta. SS4 in the Java Sea, and the average was (0.083±0.043) μg/L in the Sunda Shelf. The picophytoplankton dominated in the Sunda Shelf and contributed more than 80% of the total biomass. The salinity gradient was distinct along the Strait of Malacca from northwest to the southeast. And the lowest salinity appeared at Sta. SM5 with the highest TChl a concentration (1.080 μg/L), which was outstanding from the average value of all the strait stations . The Synechococcus dominated 60%-80% of the total phytoplankton biomass at the stations in the Sunda Shelf and SM1-SM4. Even though the TChl a concentrations was less than it at Sta. SM5, they were still apparently higher at Sta. SM6 and SM7 than the biomass at the other stations. And the Diatoms contributed more than 20% at these two stations as a result of the higher nutrient concentration carrying by the river runoff, especially for phosphate and silicate. On the contrary, the superiority of Synechococcus might be weakened by the intrusion of low-salinity, high-nutrients water.
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