2014 Vol. 36, No. 12
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2014, 36(12): .
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2014, 36(12): .
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2014, 36(12): 1-17.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.001
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Marine organisms are highly diverse,widely distributed,with high complexity and homoplasy. To enable fast and accurate identification of species,it is imperative to establish molecular techniques,to complement the traditional morphological metbodology. DNA barcoding provides digitalized criteria and effective means for species identification,and is becoming an important technical tool in the research on taxonomy and biodiversity. In this review,we summarize the major recent progress and current trend in DNA barcoding,particularly as it applies to the fields of marine phytoplankton (Rhodophyte,Phaeophyta,Chlorophyta,Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta),invertebrates(Spongia,Cnidaria,Custacea,Mollusca,etc.) and fish. We provide an overview of the deffectiveness and suitability of different barcoding markers in different groups of marine organisms. We also discuss current challenges and future prospects of marine DNA barcoding in hope to provide a framework for future marine DNA barcoding research in China.
Marine organisms are highly diverse,widely distributed,with high complexity and homoplasy. To enable fast and accurate identification of species,it is imperative to establish molecular techniques,to complement the traditional morphological metbodology. DNA barcoding provides digitalized criteria and effective means for species identification,and is becoming an important technical tool in the research on taxonomy and biodiversity. In this review,we summarize the major recent progress and current trend in DNA barcoding,particularly as it applies to the fields of marine phytoplankton (Rhodophyte,Phaeophyta,Chlorophyta,Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta),invertebrates(Spongia,Cnidaria,Custacea,Mollusca,etc.) and fish. We provide an overview of the deffectiveness and suitability of different barcoding markers in different groups of marine organisms. We also discuss current challenges and future prospects of marine DNA barcoding in hope to provide a framework for future marine DNA barcoding research in China.
2014, 36(12): 18-31.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.002
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The surface water partial pressure of CO2(pCO2),dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC),dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and particulate organic carbon(POC) in the East China Sea(ECS) were investigated during the survey in July 2012. The results showed that the adjacent area of the Changjiang estuary had higher DOC and POC contents and lower DIC than the southern shelf. Surface pCO2 in the ECS ranged from 96.28 to 577.7 μatm (mean is 297.6 μatm,1 atm is 101 325 Pa). Low pCO2 levels were found in area (30°-33°N,123°-125°E) of the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW),whereas high pCO2 levels occurred in the southern ECS shelf affected by the Taiwan Current Warm. The surface pCO2 was mainly influenced by the Changjiang freshwater input and mixing,Taiwan warm current water and biological production. The average summer FCO2 in the ECS was(-6.410±7.486) mmol/(m2·d),indicating that the ECS served as a CO2 sink which absorbed (1.83±1.98)×104 t carbon every day in the summer. The regional carbon fluxes sorted from high to low as CDW,YEMW,SMW,CUW(Coastal Upwelling Water) and TWCW. Comparing with the historical data,the effect of the ECS as a CO2 sink was gradually enhancing in the last ten years. The CDW was the biggest contributor to the increased carbon sink in the ECS. And the FCO2 annual growth rate in the CDW area was -0.814 mmol/(m2·d),meaning that every summer the CDW could take up 5.46×104 t more than last year's.
The surface water partial pressure of CO2(pCO2),dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC),dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and particulate organic carbon(POC) in the East China Sea(ECS) were investigated during the survey in July 2012. The results showed that the adjacent area of the Changjiang estuary had higher DOC and POC contents and lower DIC than the southern shelf. Surface pCO2 in the ECS ranged from 96.28 to 577.7 μatm (mean is 297.6 μatm,1 atm is 101 325 Pa). Low pCO2 levels were found in area (30°-33°N,123°-125°E) of the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW),whereas high pCO2 levels occurred in the southern ECS shelf affected by the Taiwan Current Warm. The surface pCO2 was mainly influenced by the Changjiang freshwater input and mixing,Taiwan warm current water and biological production. The average summer FCO2 in the ECS was(-6.410±7.486) mmol/(m2·d),indicating that the ECS served as a CO2 sink which absorbed (1.83±1.98)×104 t carbon every day in the summer. The regional carbon fluxes sorted from high to low as CDW,YEMW,SMW,CUW(Coastal Upwelling Water) and TWCW. Comparing with the historical data,the effect of the ECS as a CO2 sink was gradually enhancing in the last ten years. The CDW was the biggest contributor to the increased carbon sink in the ECS. And the FCO2 annual growth rate in the CDW area was -0.814 mmol/(m2·d),meaning that every summer the CDW could take up 5.46×104 t more than last year's.
2014, 36(12): 32-40.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.003
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Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N,respectively) analysis were made on three species of lagoon macrozoobenthos (suspension feeder Mytilopsis sallei,and deposit feeders Grandidierella japonica and Neanthes japonica) and their food sources in March and September in order to examine the influence of seasonal shifts in food sources to their feeding habits. The results showed that there is a significant difference in δ13C and δ15N of POM observed. Due to the large input of terrestrial debris and the sewage water discharged by the catering industry around the lagoon,lagoon POM in March was characterized by depleted-δ13C and δ15N. However,the contribution of phytoplankton increased in September as temperature increased. M. sallei was a typical benthic filter-feeder as suggested by the δ13C values closest to POM. However,it displayed a little more enriched in δ13C than POM,indicating that it may assimilate other δ13C-enriched organic matters,perhaps the debris from Ulva lactuca in March and benthic microalgae in September. Deposit feeder G. japonica and N. japonica mainly fed on U. lactuca and its associated epiphytes in March while obtained the carbon sources from benthic microalgae and phytoplankton in September. Our results indicated the significantly seasonal variations in δ15N for three macrozoobenthos species with the Δδ15N between 2.2‰ and 4.3‰,which may be caused by seasonal shifts of the stable isotope of food sources and their feeding habits. The differences of feeding habits for these macrozoobenthos were strongly affected by food availabilities in the lagoon.
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N,respectively) analysis were made on three species of lagoon macrozoobenthos (suspension feeder Mytilopsis sallei,and deposit feeders Grandidierella japonica and Neanthes japonica) and their food sources in March and September in order to examine the influence of seasonal shifts in food sources to their feeding habits. The results showed that there is a significant difference in δ13C and δ15N of POM observed. Due to the large input of terrestrial debris and the sewage water discharged by the catering industry around the lagoon,lagoon POM in March was characterized by depleted-δ13C and δ15N. However,the contribution of phytoplankton increased in September as temperature increased. M. sallei was a typical benthic filter-feeder as suggested by the δ13C values closest to POM. However,it displayed a little more enriched in δ13C than POM,indicating that it may assimilate other δ13C-enriched organic matters,perhaps the debris from Ulva lactuca in March and benthic microalgae in September. Deposit feeder G. japonica and N. japonica mainly fed on U. lactuca and its associated epiphytes in March while obtained the carbon sources from benthic microalgae and phytoplankton in September. Our results indicated the significantly seasonal variations in δ15N for three macrozoobenthos species with the Δδ15N between 2.2‰ and 4.3‰,which may be caused by seasonal shifts of the stable isotope of food sources and their feeding habits. The differences of feeding habits for these macrozoobenthos were strongly affected by food availabilities in the lagoon.
2014, 36(12): 41-52.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.004
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Nine marine microalgae were cultured under different CO2 concentrations of ambient air (0.03%),5% and 10%,respectively. Nine marine microalgae include 3 strains of cold resisting marine microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp. ZL-12,Tetraselmis chui ZL-33,Chlorella sp. ZL-45),3 strains of mesophilic marine microalgae (Isochrysis galbana CCMM5001,Isochrysis sp. CCMM5002 and Nannochloropsis sp. CCMM7001) and 3 strains of heat resisting marine microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp. JN1,Pavlova viridis JN2 and Chlorella sp. JN3). The growth characterization,accumulation of total and neutral lipid of these microalgae were investigated. The results showed that CO2 enrichment cultivation could increase the growth of all nine microalgae,but the optimum CO2 concentrations were different. The optimum CO2 concentration of Nannochloropsis sp. CCMM7001 was 5%,The optimum CO2 concentration of 8 strains of marine microalgae was 10%. 3 strains of cold resisting marine microalgae and 3 strains of heat resisting marine microalgae reached the maximum biomass yield when culturing with 10% CO2. 2 strains of mesophilic marine microalgae (Isochrysis galbana CCMM5001 and Isochrysis sp. CCMM5002) run up to the maximum biomass yield when culturing with 10% CO2. However,the maximum biomass yield of Nannochloropsis sp. CCMM7001 was (122.25±1.17) mg/(L·d) when culturing with 5% CO2. With the increased CO2 concentration,the total lipid and neutral lipid of three microalgae improved significantly. The total lipid content of 3 strains of cold resisting marine microalgae and 3 strains of mesophilic marine microalgae was higher than 3 heat resisting marine microalgae. The maximum neutral lipid content of 9 strains of microalgae could be accumulated in stationary phase. The fatty acid analysis of 9 strains of microalgae showed the relative content of C14-C18 fatty acid which suitable for biodiesel preparation maintained at 90% when culturing with different CO2 concentration. The results indicate our marine oleaginous microalgae with high carbon dioxide fixation ability are the potential excellent strains for marine bioenergy development coupled with CO2 emission reduction.
Nine marine microalgae were cultured under different CO2 concentrations of ambient air (0.03%),5% and 10%,respectively. Nine marine microalgae include 3 strains of cold resisting marine microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp. ZL-12,Tetraselmis chui ZL-33,Chlorella sp. ZL-45),3 strains of mesophilic marine microalgae (Isochrysis galbana CCMM5001,Isochrysis sp. CCMM5002 and Nannochloropsis sp. CCMM7001) and 3 strains of heat resisting marine microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp. JN1,Pavlova viridis JN2 and Chlorella sp. JN3). The growth characterization,accumulation of total and neutral lipid of these microalgae were investigated. The results showed that CO2 enrichment cultivation could increase the growth of all nine microalgae,but the optimum CO2 concentrations were different. The optimum CO2 concentration of Nannochloropsis sp. CCMM7001 was 5%,The optimum CO2 concentration of 8 strains of marine microalgae was 10%. 3 strains of cold resisting marine microalgae and 3 strains of heat resisting marine microalgae reached the maximum biomass yield when culturing with 10% CO2. 2 strains of mesophilic marine microalgae (Isochrysis galbana CCMM5001 and Isochrysis sp. CCMM5002) run up to the maximum biomass yield when culturing with 10% CO2. However,the maximum biomass yield of Nannochloropsis sp. CCMM7001 was (122.25±1.17) mg/(L·d) when culturing with 5% CO2. With the increased CO2 concentration,the total lipid and neutral lipid of three microalgae improved significantly. The total lipid content of 3 strains of cold resisting marine microalgae and 3 strains of mesophilic marine microalgae was higher than 3 heat resisting marine microalgae. The maximum neutral lipid content of 9 strains of microalgae could be accumulated in stationary phase. The fatty acid analysis of 9 strains of microalgae showed the relative content of C14-C18 fatty acid which suitable for biodiesel preparation maintained at 90% when culturing with different CO2 concentration. The results indicate our marine oleaginous microalgae with high carbon dioxide fixation ability are the potential excellent strains for marine bioenergy development coupled with CO2 emission reduction.
2014, 36(12): 53-66.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.005
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In this paper,the abundance,biomass,community structure of macrofauna and its relationship with environmental factors in the Bohai Sea were studied using the samples collected from 23 stations in August 2008. A total of 300 species were identified,among which the major taxa were polychaetes,crustaceans,mollusks and echinoderms. The average abundance of macrofauna was 1 094.7 ind/m2,and the average biomass was 11.78 g/m2. The highest abundance was located in Liaodong Bay,while the lowest was in Bohai Bay. The highest biomass was located in the middle of the Bohai Sea,while the lowest appeared in Bohai Strait. CLUSTER and MDS analysis based on the abundance data showed that six communities groups could be divided,which were closely related to the types of sediment. The sediment types in this area included clayey silt,sand,sandy silt,silt sand and sand-silt-clay. BIOENV analysis showed that the major environmental factors affecting the community macrofaunal structure and distribution were water depth,sediment silt-clay percentage,phaeophorbide and chlorophyll contents. The number of species and average abundance of macrofauna in the area have obviously declined compared with the historical data in 1990s. It is noted that the dominant species showed a miniaturization trend. The traditionally dominant large-sized species,such as heart urchin and bivalves,were replaced by small-sized polychaetes and crustaceans. The present study showed that the Bohai Sea was affected by human activities and suffered various degrees of pollution in recent years,resulting in the changes of macrofauna community structure.
In this paper,the abundance,biomass,community structure of macrofauna and its relationship with environmental factors in the Bohai Sea were studied using the samples collected from 23 stations in August 2008. A total of 300 species were identified,among which the major taxa were polychaetes,crustaceans,mollusks and echinoderms. The average abundance of macrofauna was 1 094.7 ind/m2,and the average biomass was 11.78 g/m2. The highest abundance was located in Liaodong Bay,while the lowest was in Bohai Bay. The highest biomass was located in the middle of the Bohai Sea,while the lowest appeared in Bohai Strait. CLUSTER and MDS analysis based on the abundance data showed that six communities groups could be divided,which were closely related to the types of sediment. The sediment types in this area included clayey silt,sand,sandy silt,silt sand and sand-silt-clay. BIOENV analysis showed that the major environmental factors affecting the community macrofaunal structure and distribution were water depth,sediment silt-clay percentage,phaeophorbide and chlorophyll contents. The number of species and average abundance of macrofauna in the area have obviously declined compared with the historical data in 1990s. It is noted that the dominant species showed a miniaturization trend. The traditionally dominant large-sized species,such as heart urchin and bivalves,were replaced by small-sized polychaetes and crustaceans. The present study showed that the Bohai Sea was affected by human activities and suffered various degrees of pollution in recent years,resulting in the changes of macrofauna community structure.
2014, 36(12): 67-73.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.006
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Two kinds of hemoglobins were purified by gel chromatography with a recovery 74.3%.They were identified as Tg-HbⅠ (homodimer) and Tg-HbⅡ (heterogeneous tetramer) by Tricine-SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometer. The agar diffusion method and spectrophotometric method were used to detect their antibacterial activity and peroxidase activity,respectively. Results showed that both hemoglobins exhibited antibacterial activities against Eschetichia coli and Pseudomonas putida. The MIC values of Tg-HbⅡ towards E. coli and P. putida were 0.063 mg/mL and 0.13 mg/mL,while corresponding data of Tg-HbⅠ were 0.048 mg/mL. Both hemoglobins showed peroxidase activities,which could catalyze various of phenolic substances,such as guaiacol,pyrocatechol,hydroquinone,phenol,L-DOPA,etc. Both hemoglobins lost their antibacterial activities against P. putida in the presence of GSH,indicating that they played the antibacterial abilities through their peroxidase activities.
Two kinds of hemoglobins were purified by gel chromatography with a recovery 74.3%.They were identified as Tg-HbⅠ (homodimer) and Tg-HbⅡ (heterogeneous tetramer) by Tricine-SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometer. The agar diffusion method and spectrophotometric method were used to detect their antibacterial activity and peroxidase activity,respectively. Results showed that both hemoglobins exhibited antibacterial activities against Eschetichia coli and Pseudomonas putida. The MIC values of Tg-HbⅡ towards E. coli and P. putida were 0.063 mg/mL and 0.13 mg/mL,while corresponding data of Tg-HbⅠ were 0.048 mg/mL. Both hemoglobins showed peroxidase activities,which could catalyze various of phenolic substances,such as guaiacol,pyrocatechol,hydroquinone,phenol,L-DOPA,etc. Both hemoglobins lost their antibacterial activities against P. putida in the presence of GSH,indicating that they played the antibacterial abilities through their peroxidase activities.
2014, 36(12): 74-84.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.007
Abstract:
An integrated method of Voronoi diagram and spatial autocorrelation was used to explore global spatial pattern, local spatial hot spot and its variation of fishery resources abundance of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The O. bartramii within the boundaries from 38°N to 45°N and 150°E to 160°E from 2007 to 2010 in the Northwest Pacific Ocean was selected as the research subjects, based on the original fishing data of each fishing boat of China. Using an ArcGIS environment, the spatial aggregation patterns of O. bartramii were revealed by using the global spatial autocorrelation statistics of both Moran's I and General G, as well as mapped both spatially and visually. In the fields of fisheries resources and spatial analysis, sea areas with clustered high productivity are hot spots, whereas sea areas with clustered low productivity are cold spots. The local spatial autocorrelation statistics show that, there were 2 hot spots and 1 cold spot in both 2007 and 2009, and there were 1 hot spot and 1 cold spot in 2008, while there were 1 hot spot and 2 cold spot in 2010. These hot or cold spots were distributed along either a north-south or an east-west axis. An overlay map of the four years of hot/cold spots demonstrates that there was 1 strong hot spot, 1 weak hot spot and 1 strong cold spot across the study area. The strong hot/cold spots were always the same spots for each year, while the weak hot spot was changed its state between a hot spot and a cold spot. An analysis of the variation of spatial hot spots based on monthly mean (July to November) sea surface temperature (SST) and monthly mean (July to November) chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl a) demonstrated that, both hot spots and cold spots are central fishing grounds. There is not obvious difference of SST between the hot and cold spots, while the hot and cold spots were observed in the areas with 0.2 to 1.1 mg/m3 Chl a concentration but the Chl a concentration of a cold spot is larger than that of a hot spot.
An integrated method of Voronoi diagram and spatial autocorrelation was used to explore global spatial pattern, local spatial hot spot and its variation of fishery resources abundance of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The O. bartramii within the boundaries from 38°N to 45°N and 150°E to 160°E from 2007 to 2010 in the Northwest Pacific Ocean was selected as the research subjects, based on the original fishing data of each fishing boat of China. Using an ArcGIS environment, the spatial aggregation patterns of O. bartramii were revealed by using the global spatial autocorrelation statistics of both Moran's I and General G, as well as mapped both spatially and visually. In the fields of fisheries resources and spatial analysis, sea areas with clustered high productivity are hot spots, whereas sea areas with clustered low productivity are cold spots. The local spatial autocorrelation statistics show that, there were 2 hot spots and 1 cold spot in both 2007 and 2009, and there were 1 hot spot and 1 cold spot in 2008, while there were 1 hot spot and 2 cold spot in 2010. These hot or cold spots were distributed along either a north-south or an east-west axis. An overlay map of the four years of hot/cold spots demonstrates that there was 1 strong hot spot, 1 weak hot spot and 1 strong cold spot across the study area. The strong hot/cold spots were always the same spots for each year, while the weak hot spot was changed its state between a hot spot and a cold spot. An analysis of the variation of spatial hot spots based on monthly mean (July to November) sea surface temperature (SST) and monthly mean (July to November) chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl a) demonstrated that, both hot spots and cold spots are central fishing grounds. There is not obvious difference of SST between the hot and cold spots, while the hot and cold spots were observed in the areas with 0.2 to 1.1 mg/m3 Chl a concentration but the Chl a concentration of a cold spot is larger than that of a hot spot.
2014, 36(12): 85-90.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.008
Abstract:
The distribution feature of vertical flux of SPM was studied with twin-tube sediment traps tethered at bottom in Sanggou Bay,which is an important aqua-culture waters in north coast of China,in summer and autumn. At the same time,resuspension proportion of SPM was determined by mark method of metal Al. The average apparent vertical fluxes determined near bottom about 1m of SPM,POC,PTN and PTP was separately 1 511.4 g/(m2·d),20.01 g/(m2·d),1.497 g/(m2·d) and 0.474 g/(m2·d),which is much higher than other coastal waters of China,and the average bottom resuspension proportion of SPM was 92.8% and unthinkably high. This high resuspension was mainly caused by wind-stirring. As affected by resuspension,the average vertical flux determined near bottom was 2.7 times of that at middle-layer and the vertical fluxes in fall or culture areas of kelp and scallop were significantly higher than that in summer or culture area of oyster. Net vertical flux,corrected by resuspension proportion,had still significant spatial and seasonal change,but there's an important conversion on its controlling mechanism. The net SPM mainly rooted in upper waters,in which there's intense metabolic action produced by cultured and accrete organism. Bivalve excreta made the net settling flux in culture areas of oyster and scallop higher than that in culture area of kelp,and the net settling flux in autumn higher than that in summer with cultured and accrete organism growth and excreta increment.
The distribution feature of vertical flux of SPM was studied with twin-tube sediment traps tethered at bottom in Sanggou Bay,which is an important aqua-culture waters in north coast of China,in summer and autumn. At the same time,resuspension proportion of SPM was determined by mark method of metal Al. The average apparent vertical fluxes determined near bottom about 1m of SPM,POC,PTN and PTP was separately 1 511.4 g/(m2·d),20.01 g/(m2·d),1.497 g/(m2·d) and 0.474 g/(m2·d),which is much higher than other coastal waters of China,and the average bottom resuspension proportion of SPM was 92.8% and unthinkably high. This high resuspension was mainly caused by wind-stirring. As affected by resuspension,the average vertical flux determined near bottom was 2.7 times of that at middle-layer and the vertical fluxes in fall or culture areas of kelp and scallop were significantly higher than that in summer or culture area of oyster. Net vertical flux,corrected by resuspension proportion,had still significant spatial and seasonal change,but there's an important conversion on its controlling mechanism. The net SPM mainly rooted in upper waters,in which there's intense metabolic action produced by cultured and accrete organism. Bivalve excreta made the net settling flux in culture areas of oyster and scallop higher than that in culture area of kelp,and the net settling flux in autumn higher than that in summer with cultured and accrete organism growth and excreta increment.
2014, 36(12): 91-102.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.009
Abstract:
Differences in the nature of fuel oil and crude oil which are main oil types in marine oil spill determine the different identification methods,so it is significative to seek a suitable method for oil spill identification from the ship. The comparative oil fingerprinting characteristic analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons between the spilled oil samples and the suspected oils from ships had been carried on using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) as a primary analysis method after the samples were separated by the column chromatography method,and the oil source was traced successfully in the oil spill from the ship took place in Pearl River estuary by inner component triangular diagram and cluster analysis based on aromatic hydrocarbon parameters. The results showed that the aromatic oil fingerprinting of the sample from the fourth ship was the most similar with the spilled oil sample,so the oil spill was caused by the fourth ship. The characteristic of aromatic compounds is the main evidence of these weathered oil spill identification because the aromatics were of higher levels and richer variety than saturated hydrocarbons. The key was that the different behavior performed by the organic molecules in oils after undergoing weathering should be fully considered when using oil fingerprinting parameters for the oil spill identification. So,the oil fingerprinting of polyaromatic hydrocarbons are effective for identification of oil spill from the ship.
Differences in the nature of fuel oil and crude oil which are main oil types in marine oil spill determine the different identification methods,so it is significative to seek a suitable method for oil spill identification from the ship. The comparative oil fingerprinting characteristic analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons between the spilled oil samples and the suspected oils from ships had been carried on using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) as a primary analysis method after the samples were separated by the column chromatography method,and the oil source was traced successfully in the oil spill from the ship took place in Pearl River estuary by inner component triangular diagram and cluster analysis based on aromatic hydrocarbon parameters. The results showed that the aromatic oil fingerprinting of the sample from the fourth ship was the most similar with the spilled oil sample,so the oil spill was caused by the fourth ship. The characteristic of aromatic compounds is the main evidence of these weathered oil spill identification because the aromatics were of higher levels and richer variety than saturated hydrocarbons. The key was that the different behavior performed by the organic molecules in oils after undergoing weathering should be fully considered when using oil fingerprinting parameters for the oil spill identification. So,the oil fingerprinting of polyaromatic hydrocarbons are effective for identification of oil spill from the ship.
2014, 36(12): 103-110.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.010
Abstract:
This paper presented comprehensive petrological,mineralogical and C-and O-isotope analysis on calcareous concretions from the Northern Jiangsu Shoal. These samples were abundant with fragments of quartz and feldspar,and cemented by calcite. The C- and O-isotope ratios of the carbonates were as follows: δ13C is -8.38‰--8.19‰ V-PDB and δ18O is -5.23‰--5.03‰ V-PDB. Based on their O-isotope compositions and the possible formation temperatures,the oxygen isotopic fractionation between calcite and water was used to estimate the equilibrium δ18O values of the precipitating fluids. The calculated equilibrium δ18O values of the precipitating fluids ranged from -4.72‰ to -4.52‰ V-SMOW,which were lighter than present seawater. It is considered that freshwater involved in the formation of calcareous concretions,and they formed in terrestrial environmentAccording to the composition of detrital minerals contained in the concretions and also the Quartz/feldspar ratios (index of maturity),it is suggested that the concretions were originated from Ancient Yellow River. About 7-6.5 ka BP,the Ancient Yellow River flew by the Northern Jiangsu Shoal.
This paper presented comprehensive petrological,mineralogical and C-and O-isotope analysis on calcareous concretions from the Northern Jiangsu Shoal. These samples were abundant with fragments of quartz and feldspar,and cemented by calcite. The C- and O-isotope ratios of the carbonates were as follows: δ13C is -8.38‰--8.19‰ V-PDB and δ18O is -5.23‰--5.03‰ V-PDB. Based on their O-isotope compositions and the possible formation temperatures,the oxygen isotopic fractionation between calcite and water was used to estimate the equilibrium δ18O values of the precipitating fluids. The calculated equilibrium δ18O values of the precipitating fluids ranged from -4.72‰ to -4.52‰ V-SMOW,which were lighter than present seawater. It is considered that freshwater involved in the formation of calcareous concretions,and they formed in terrestrial environmentAccording to the composition of detrital minerals contained in the concretions and also the Quartz/feldspar ratios (index of maturity),it is suggested that the concretions were originated from Ancient Yellow River. About 7-6.5 ka BP,the Ancient Yellow River flew by the Northern Jiangsu Shoal.
2014, 36(12): 111-118.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.011
Abstract:
Based on 20 years (1992 to 2012) monitoring data maintained by Zhejiang Marine Ecological Environmental Monitoring Station,the current situation and variation tendency of the Hangzhou Bay biodiversity were analyzed. The results showed that the environmental quality of Hangzhou Bay was poor,accompanied by low biodiversity and simple biological community structure. The variation of biodiversity in Hangzhou Bay could be divided into two stages over 20 years. In the first stage,from early 1990's to 2000,indexes of biological communities in Hangzhou Bay decreased markedly. In the second stage,after 2000,some recoveries of biological communities had been found due to strengthening environment protection measures. Correlation analysis showed that DIN,DIP,COD and eutrophication had significant effects on biological diversity in Hangzhou Bay. Variation of biodiversity in the Hangzhou Bay over 20 years was mainly attributed to human activity. Loss of biodiversity was mainly because of sewage discharge induced eutrophication. Meanwhile,reclamation and other coastal development,which led to fragmentation and monotonization of marine habitat,also accelerate the reduction of biodiversity.
Based on 20 years (1992 to 2012) monitoring data maintained by Zhejiang Marine Ecological Environmental Monitoring Station,the current situation and variation tendency of the Hangzhou Bay biodiversity were analyzed. The results showed that the environmental quality of Hangzhou Bay was poor,accompanied by low biodiversity and simple biological community structure. The variation of biodiversity in Hangzhou Bay could be divided into two stages over 20 years. In the first stage,from early 1990's to 2000,indexes of biological communities in Hangzhou Bay decreased markedly. In the second stage,after 2000,some recoveries of biological communities had been found due to strengthening environment protection measures. Correlation analysis showed that DIN,DIP,COD and eutrophication had significant effects on biological diversity in Hangzhou Bay. Variation of biodiversity in the Hangzhou Bay over 20 years was mainly attributed to human activity. Loss of biodiversity was mainly because of sewage discharge induced eutrophication. Meanwhile,reclamation and other coastal development,which led to fragmentation and monotonization of marine habitat,also accelerate the reduction of biodiversity.
2014, 36(12): 119-124.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.012
Abstract:
Illex argentinus is short-life cycle squid and is sensitive responding to environment changes with great abundance fluctuations. In this study,according to the fishing production data from Chinese mainland squid jigging fleets from 2003 to 2011 in the southwest Atlantic,combined with sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the spawning ground,the relationships between the area occupied by favorable SST (defined as those with temperatures in the range from 16℃ to 18℃,expressed by PS),current strength (Characterized by SST,SSTA) and catch per unit effort (CPUE) were calculated and analyzed by different methods,and then the forecasting model of resources recruitment based on the above environmental factors were established. The results indicated that there are significant correlations between CPUE and SST at three key areas on June. The key areas are as follows: 38°-39°S and 54°-55°W,40.5°-41.5°S and 51°-52°W,39.9°-40.4°S and 42.6°-43.1°W,respectively. A multivariate linear model between the SST in three key areas and CPUE of the next year is established (p<0.05). The other models by using Error Backpropagation Network (EBP) were also developed,which included SST in three key areas and Ps on July. It is found that the model with SST in the key areas indicationg Falkland current and Brazil current is better than the other models,the forecasting accuracy rate was more than 90%.
Illex argentinus is short-life cycle squid and is sensitive responding to environment changes with great abundance fluctuations. In this study,according to the fishing production data from Chinese mainland squid jigging fleets from 2003 to 2011 in the southwest Atlantic,combined with sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the spawning ground,the relationships between the area occupied by favorable SST (defined as those with temperatures in the range from 16℃ to 18℃,expressed by PS),current strength (Characterized by SST,SSTA) and catch per unit effort (CPUE) were calculated and analyzed by different methods,and then the forecasting model of resources recruitment based on the above environmental factors were established. The results indicated that there are significant correlations between CPUE and SST at three key areas on June. The key areas are as follows: 38°-39°S and 54°-55°W,40.5°-41.5°S and 51°-52°W,39.9°-40.4°S and 42.6°-43.1°W,respectively. A multivariate linear model between the SST in three key areas and CPUE of the next year is established (p<0.05). The other models by using Error Backpropagation Network (EBP) were also developed,which included SST in three key areas and Ps on July. It is found that the model with SST in the key areas indicationg Falkland current and Brazil current is better than the other models,the forecasting accuracy rate was more than 90%.
2014, 36(12): 125-132.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.013
Abstract:
Based on the zooplankton samples that were collected from the coastal waters of Hainan Island in the early summer of 2011,the factors such as species composition,dominant species,abundance,ecological groups,Shannon-Wiener index and evenness of zooplankton were analyzed,and the relationship between zooplankton and environmental factors was discussed in this paper. The result showed that 164 species of holozooplankton and 11 groups of nlerozooplankton were identified,among which Copepods were the most diverse with 82 species in 40 genera. The dominant species were Echinodermata larva,Penilia avirostris,Oikopleura dioica,Macrura larva,Flaccisagitta enflata,Oithona plumifera,Doliolum denticulatum,Lucifer intermedius,Globigerina bulloides and Acrocalanus gracilis. The average zooplankton abundance in the coastal waters of Hainan island was 1 348.68 ind/m3,with the highest abundance in eastern waters. Zooplankton abundance in eastern coast showed the trend which decreased from near to far,while the abundance in Beibu gulf and southern coast showed the trend which increased firstly and then decreased from near to far. Influenced by the coastal current and South China Sea warm current in the early summer,the most of zooplankton ecological groups were warm water coastal group and eurytopic group in the coastal waters of Hainan Island. The average Shannon-Wiener index and evenness of zooplankton were 3.03 and 0.72 respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index and evenness were lower in eastern coast result from the explosive growth of nlerozooplankton. Correlation analysis revealed that zooplankton abundance had obvious negative correlation with pH (p<0.05,r=-0.360),and obvious positive correlation with phytoplankton abundance (p<0.01,r=0.395). Furthermore,zooplankton abundance showed a distinct correlationship with the other environmental factors,of which salinity,DO,CODMn,NO3-N,NH4-N and PO4-P were positive,while water temperature,NO2-N and SiO3-Si were negative in the coastal waters of Hainan island.
Based on the zooplankton samples that were collected from the coastal waters of Hainan Island in the early summer of 2011,the factors such as species composition,dominant species,abundance,ecological groups,Shannon-Wiener index and evenness of zooplankton were analyzed,and the relationship between zooplankton and environmental factors was discussed in this paper. The result showed that 164 species of holozooplankton and 11 groups of nlerozooplankton were identified,among which Copepods were the most diverse with 82 species in 40 genera. The dominant species were Echinodermata larva,Penilia avirostris,Oikopleura dioica,Macrura larva,Flaccisagitta enflata,Oithona plumifera,Doliolum denticulatum,Lucifer intermedius,Globigerina bulloides and Acrocalanus gracilis. The average zooplankton abundance in the coastal waters of Hainan island was 1 348.68 ind/m3,with the highest abundance in eastern waters. Zooplankton abundance in eastern coast showed the trend which decreased from near to far,while the abundance in Beibu gulf and southern coast showed the trend which increased firstly and then decreased from near to far. Influenced by the coastal current and South China Sea warm current in the early summer,the most of zooplankton ecological groups were warm water coastal group and eurytopic group in the coastal waters of Hainan Island. The average Shannon-Wiener index and evenness of zooplankton were 3.03 and 0.72 respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index and evenness were lower in eastern coast result from the explosive growth of nlerozooplankton. Correlation analysis revealed that zooplankton abundance had obvious negative correlation with pH (p<0.05,r=-0.360),and obvious positive correlation with phytoplankton abundance (p<0.01,r=0.395). Furthermore,zooplankton abundance showed a distinct correlationship with the other environmental factors,of which salinity,DO,CODMn,NO3-N,NH4-N and PO4-P were positive,while water temperature,NO2-N and SiO3-Si were negative in the coastal waters of Hainan island.
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