2009 Vol. 31, No. 2
Display Method:
Preliminary study on the Huanghai Sea coastal current and its relationship with local wind in summer
2009, 31(2): 1-7.
Abstract:
The Enteromorphaprolifra burst immensely in the coastal area near Qingao during the summer of 2008, which brought especial interests on the coastal current structure of the Huanghai Sea.In this study, the current structure in the coast area off Jiangsu Province in the Huanghai Sea was analyzed using 26 day current data collected in the summer of 2003.The results showed that a northward sub-tidal flow existed there with a mean magnitude of 3.4 cm/s, which is contrary to the traditional opinion of the Huanghai Sea coastal current along Jiangsu Province in summer.The analysis also showed that the variations of the northward flow were controlled by the meridional local winds at the synoptic scales.Based on the results of the data analysis, a new scheme of the summer circulations in the Huanghai Sea is proposed.
The Enteromorphaprolifra burst immensely in the coastal area near Qingao during the summer of 2008, which brought especial interests on the coastal current structure of the Huanghai Sea.In this study, the current structure in the coast area off Jiangsu Province in the Huanghai Sea was analyzed using 26 day current data collected in the summer of 2003.The results showed that a northward sub-tidal flow existed there with a mean magnitude of 3.4 cm/s, which is contrary to the traditional opinion of the Huanghai Sea coastal current along Jiangsu Province in summer.The analysis also showed that the variations of the northward flow were controlled by the meridional local winds at the synoptic scales.Based on the results of the data analysis, a new scheme of the summer circulations in the Huanghai Sea is proposed.
Numerical simulation study on inversion of two dimensional flow field using acoustic ray travel time
2009, 31(2): 8-16.
Abstract:
On the basis of the stream function field computed using diagnostic model in the South China Sea during the summer 1998, in the area east to Vietnam where the dipole often occurs, the acoustic tomography observation stations were deployed.By using the acoustic ray traveltime information, the inversion problem of two dimensional flow field was studied, and the affection for inversion results from random errors also been discussed.The results displays that the stream function can be restructured by inversion method using only 19 acoustic tomography observation stations in the 833 km×833 km area.Spatial resolution is 63.7 km, and the aco ustical tomography system can monitor the area with eddy-resolving scales.The traditional observation method, such as Current Measurement (CM) or Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) can not do this.The observation technology and method can be used to remote monitor the flow field structure in real time, and obtain the real time data for study of coastal environmental monitor and study.
On the basis of the stream function field computed using diagnostic model in the South China Sea during the summer 1998, in the area east to Vietnam where the dipole often occurs, the acoustic tomography observation stations were deployed.By using the acoustic ray traveltime information, the inversion problem of two dimensional flow field was studied, and the affection for inversion results from random errors also been discussed.The results displays that the stream function can be restructured by inversion method using only 19 acoustic tomography observation stations in the 833 km×833 km area.Spatial resolution is 63.7 km, and the aco ustical tomography system can monitor the area with eddy-resolving scales.The traditional observation method, such as Current Measurement (CM) or Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) can not do this.The observation technology and method can be used to remote monitor the flow field structure in real time, and obtain the real time data for study of coastal environmental monitor and study.
2009, 31(2): 17-23.
Abstract:
Based on 51 collected samples, the microphysical characteristics of sea fog from 16 March to 29 April 2007 was investigated in Marine Meteorology Science Experiment Center in Maoming, Guangdong Province.It is indicated that the average droplet size distribution is similar to Junge distribution, the average concentration is 57.1 drops·cm-3, the average liquid water content is 0.018 3 g·m-3.The average drop diameter is 4.7μm, and the average peak drop diameter is 2.9μm.Different microphysical characteristics between stable fog and mist have also been compared.Finally, an empirical relationship between liquid water content and horizontal atmospheric visibility is also presented.
Based on 51 collected samples, the microphysical characteristics of sea fog from 16 March to 29 April 2007 was investigated in Marine Meteorology Science Experiment Center in Maoming, Guangdong Province.It is indicated that the average droplet size distribution is similar to Junge distribution, the average concentration is 57.1 drops·cm-3, the average liquid water content is 0.018 3 g·m-3.The average drop diameter is 4.7μm, and the average peak drop diameter is 2.9μm.Different microphysical characteristics between stable fog and mist have also been compared.Finally, an empirical relationship between liquid water content and horizontal atmospheric visibility is also presented.
2009, 31(2): 24-33.
Abstract:
This paper further studies the equatorial Pacific-Indian Ocean temperature anomaly mode on the sea surface and subsurface with the application of the empirical orthognal function (EOF) analysis of SODA temperature data from 1958 to 2001.Tem perature anomalies in the equatorial western Indian Ocean and eastern Pacific and that in the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean-western Pacific are inverse.The wavelet analysis shows that this mode has annual, interannual and interdecadal variability.Results of composite analyses disclose that anomalies of subsurface ocean temperature in the equat orial eastern Indian Ocean-western Pacific and their propagations along the thermocline have direct correlations with temperature anomalies in the equatorial western Indian Ocean and eastern Pacific.The anomalies of subsurface ocean temperature in the equatorial western Indian Ocean propagate to the eastern Indian Ocean, and anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific propagate to the western Pacific along about 10 N and 10 S, at the same time, the temperature ano malies in the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean western Pacific propagate westwards to the western Indian Ocean and east wards to the eastern Pacific along the equator respectively.
This paper further studies the equatorial Pacific-Indian Ocean temperature anomaly mode on the sea surface and subsurface with the application of the empirical orthognal function (EOF) analysis of SODA temperature data from 1958 to 2001.Tem perature anomalies in the equatorial western Indian Ocean and eastern Pacific and that in the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean-western Pacific are inverse.The wavelet analysis shows that this mode has annual, interannual and interdecadal variability.Results of composite analyses disclose that anomalies of subsurface ocean temperature in the equat orial eastern Indian Ocean-western Pacific and their propagations along the thermocline have direct correlations with temperature anomalies in the equatorial western Indian Ocean and eastern Pacific.The anomalies of subsurface ocean temperature in the equatorial western Indian Ocean propagate to the eastern Indian Ocean, and anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific propagate to the western Pacific along about 10 N and 10 S, at the same time, the temperature ano malies in the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean western Pacific propagate westwards to the western Indian Ocean and east wards to the eastern Pacific along the equator respectively.
2009, 31(2): 34-39.
Abstract:
Oceanic region is classified as Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ types based on the structures of sound speed profiles of surface layer, main thermocline and deep isothermallayer.The sound speed profiles of surface layer, Ⅱ and Ⅲ oceanic region types are separated with sequential clustering analysis arithmetic.Sound speed gradient profile sample database is estahlished through normalization process and A kima sampling method for the sound speed profiles which are derived from 30'×30' latitude-longitude historical statistic data of mixed layer of the sound speed profile for every month.Hierar chical clustering and SOFM neural network clustering analysis arithmetic is performed to classify the sound speed profile based on the sample database.Representative types of the sound speed profile are summarized depended on clustering result and acoustic character istics of different oceanic region types.The classification results based on a great deal of historical statistic sound speed profile show that the above-mentioned method is a efficient technology road map to automatic classification of sound speed profile in the ocean and makes up for manual classification all along.
Oceanic region is classified as Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ types based on the structures of sound speed profiles of surface layer, main thermocline and deep isothermallayer.The sound speed profiles of surface layer, Ⅱ and Ⅲ oceanic region types are separated with sequential clustering analysis arithmetic.Sound speed gradient profile sample database is estahlished through normalization process and A kima sampling method for the sound speed profiles which are derived from 30'×30' latitude-longitude historical statistic data of mixed layer of the sound speed profile for every month.Hierar chical clustering and SOFM neural network clustering analysis arithmetic is performed to classify the sound speed profile based on the sample database.Representative types of the sound speed profile are summarized depended on clustering result and acoustic character istics of different oceanic region types.The classification results based on a great deal of historical statistic sound speed profile show that the above-mentioned method is a efficient technology road map to automatic classification of sound speed profile in the ocean and makes up for manual classification all along.
2009, 31(2): 40-48.
Abstract:
Due to the need of rapid and sustainable development in China's coastal zones, the high-resolution information theory using data mining technology becomes an urgent research focus.However, the traditional pixel-based image analysis methods cannotmeet the needs of this development trend.Attempt is to present an information extraction approach in terms of image segmentation based on an object-orientedal-gorithm for high-resolution remote sensing images.The aim of research is to establish an identification system of "pixel-primitive-object".Through extraction and combination of microscale coastal zone features, some objects are classified or recognized, e.g., beach, coast line, sea wall, and mariculture pond.First, various internal characteristics of relatively homogeneous primitive objects are extracted using an image segmentation algorithm based on both spectral and shape information.Second, the features of those primitives are analyzed to ascertain an optimal object by adopting certain feature rules.Results indicate that the model is practical to realize and the extraction accuracy of the coastal information is significantly improved compared with the traditional approaches.Therefore, this model provides a potential way to serve highly dynamic coastal zones for monitoring, management, development and utilization.
Due to the need of rapid and sustainable development in China's coastal zones, the high-resolution information theory using data mining technology becomes an urgent research focus.However, the traditional pixel-based image analysis methods cannotmeet the needs of this development trend.Attempt is to present an information extraction approach in terms of image segmentation based on an object-orientedal-gorithm for high-resolution remote sensing images.The aim of research is to establish an identification system of "pixel-primitive-object".Through extraction and combination of microscale coastal zone features, some objects are classified or recognized, e.g., beach, coast line, sea wall, and mariculture pond.First, various internal characteristics of relatively homogeneous primitive objects are extracted using an image segmentation algorithm based on both spectral and shape information.Second, the features of those primitives are analyzed to ascertain an optimal object by adopting certain feature rules.Results indicate that the model is practical to realize and the extraction accuracy of the coastal information is significantly improved compared with the traditional approaches.Therefore, this model provides a potential way to serve highly dynamic coastal zones for monitoring, management, development and utilization.
2009, 31(2): 49-56.
Abstract:
The China Marine Surveillance Force was equiped with own modern aerial equipments for marine law-execute with the advantage of functioning agilely and operation of larger surveillance coverage, providing power ful safeguard all-round, harmonious and sustainable development of coastal economy On the plane, three remote sensing scanners have been equipped, including a marine airborne multispectrum scanner (MAMS), an optical-electronic platform, and an airborne hyperspectral system AISA + They were simply introduced and an overview of application was presented in water quality monitoring.
The China Marine Surveillance Force was equiped with own modern aerial equipments for marine law-execute with the advantage of functioning agilely and operation of larger surveillance coverage, providing power ful safeguard all-round, harmonious and sustainable development of coastal economy On the plane, three remote sensing scanners have been equipped, including a marine airborne multispectrum scanner (MAMS), an optical-electronic platform, and an airborne hyperspectral system AISA + They were simply introduced and an overview of application was presented in water quality monitoring.
2009, 31(2): 57-62.
Abstract:
It is very practical to learn the spectral absorption characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the seawater which is one of the main parameters for water quality remote sensing monitoring Owing to the Changjiang River input, the seawater of the East China Sea (ECS) has a complex optical environment and thus is relative less there.Based on a large in situ survey organized on the ECS, a dat abase of CDOM spectral absorption was potten covering four seasons, and a spectral model was established including different water types in this region as well as the distribution on typical bands.The result shows that the diverse spectral characteristics between alongshore water influenced by terrigenous input heavily and the water in the open sea, e.g., the absorption coefficient values in the Hangzhou Bay are extremely high on short bands and decay sharply as the wavelength went longer, whereas the values in the open sea are always much lower.The distribution reflected the terrigenous origin characteristics of CDOM and it also had seasonal variations especially on short wavelength.The result validates that CDOM can be used as an important parameter for the nearshore water quality monitoring.A fluorescence measurement of CDOM was done, and a good linear relationship between it and the absorption was given out, which could be a valuable reference.
It is very practical to learn the spectral absorption characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the seawater which is one of the main parameters for water quality remote sensing monitoring Owing to the Changjiang River input, the seawater of the East China Sea (ECS) has a complex optical environment and thus is relative less there.Based on a large in situ survey organized on the ECS, a dat abase of CDOM spectral absorption was potten covering four seasons, and a spectral model was established including different water types in this region as well as the distribution on typical bands.The result shows that the diverse spectral characteristics between alongshore water influenced by terrigenous input heavily and the water in the open sea, e.g., the absorption coefficient values in the Hangzhou Bay are extremely high on short bands and decay sharply as the wavelength went longer, whereas the values in the open sea are always much lower.The distribution reflected the terrigenous origin characteristics of CDOM and it also had seasonal variations especially on short wavelength.The result validates that CDOM can be used as an important parameter for the nearshore water quality monitoring.A fluorescence measurement of CDOM was done, and a good linear relationship between it and the absorption was given out, which could be a valuable reference.
2009, 31(2): 63-68.
Abstract:
Entermorpha prolifera blooming of a large area in Qingdao sea since June 2008 has seriously impacted Olympic sailing venue.How to fast and correctly monitor Entermorpha prolifera candirect to deal with Entermorpha prolifera cleaning.By using SAR data, a segmentation method is proposed based on object-oriented region growth, which can adjust image segmentation scale.Entermorpha prolifera information can beea extracted thus.The results show that this method is useful for Entermorpha prolifera monitoring.
Entermorpha prolifera blooming of a large area in Qingdao sea since June 2008 has seriously impacted Olympic sailing venue.How to fast and correctly monitor Entermorpha prolifera candirect to deal with Entermorpha prolifera cleaning.By using SAR data, a segmentation method is proposed based on object-oriented region growth, which can adjust image segmentation scale.Entermorpha prolifera information can beea extracted thus.The results show that this method is useful for Entermorpha prolifera monitoring.
2009, 31(2): 69-77.
Abstract:
Based on the data obtained by field survey and experiments of the Zhujiang River Estuary in 2006, the distribution and concentration of nutrients in water mass of the Lingdingyang sea area are studied.It is discovered that there is a large content of nitrite and phosphate nearby Shenzhen sea area, and contents of nitrate and silicate constantly reduced off the Zhujiang River Estuary in wet season.The contents of five nutrients constantly reduced off the Zhujiang River Estuary in dry season.Based on the historical data obtained in 1990, 1998 and 2000, the variation of nutrients in water mass of the Lingdingyang sea area is studied, and the influence factors are also discussed.The results show that the contents of nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate in water mass increased remarkably, but DIN/DIP reduced constantly.The contents of nitrate and silicate in wet season are higher than dry season, but nitrite and phosphate is opposite.The runoff is an important source for nitrate and silicate, but it plays dilution function to nitrite and phosphate.In addition, the agriculture fertilizer, the sea area acreage reduction caused by filling the sea, the unreasonable utilization of bait in net cage culture are also the main reasons which bring about the increase of DIN and DIP concentration in water mass of Lingdingyang sea area.
Based on the data obtained by field survey and experiments of the Zhujiang River Estuary in 2006, the distribution and concentration of nutrients in water mass of the Lingdingyang sea area are studied.It is discovered that there is a large content of nitrite and phosphate nearby Shenzhen sea area, and contents of nitrate and silicate constantly reduced off the Zhujiang River Estuary in wet season.The contents of five nutrients constantly reduced off the Zhujiang River Estuary in dry season.Based on the historical data obtained in 1990, 1998 and 2000, the variation of nutrients in water mass of the Lingdingyang sea area is studied, and the influence factors are also discussed.The results show that the contents of nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate in water mass increased remarkably, but DIN/DIP reduced constantly.The contents of nitrate and silicate in wet season are higher than dry season, but nitrite and phosphate is opposite.The runoff is an important source for nitrate and silicate, but it plays dilution function to nitrite and phosphate.In addition, the agriculture fertilizer, the sea area acreage reduction caused by filling the sea, the unreasonable utilization of bait in net cage culture are also the main reasons which bring about the increase of DIN and DIP concentration in water mass of Lingdingyang sea area.
2009, 31(2): 78-85.
Abstract:
Based on the four cruises carried out at 37°N transect from July 2006 to October 2007 in four seasons.The distribution features of biogenic elements at this section and it's changes were discussed.The results showed that: Influenced by the Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass and inshore area input, the biogenic elements temperature and salinity have obviously differences at this transect.In summer, the east of this section was controlled by the cold water mass, where had features of lower temperature, higher salinity and higher concentration of biogenic elements.In the west the variation of all factors were more equably.In winter, thermocline faded lead all factors in this transect were vertically uniform.The west had higher concentrations of nutrient elements than that in the east, because of the influence of inshore areas input.In spring, the temperature increased and salinity decreased, while the nutrient elements were consumed, the thermocline and halocline grown up; these were conversely in the autumn.
Based on the four cruises carried out at 37°N transect from July 2006 to October 2007 in four seasons.The distribution features of biogenic elements at this section and it's changes were discussed.The results showed that: Influenced by the Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass and inshore area input, the biogenic elements temperature and salinity have obviously differences at this transect.In summer, the east of this section was controlled by the cold water mass, where had features of lower temperature, higher salinity and higher concentration of biogenic elements.In the west the variation of all factors were more equably.In winter, thermocline faded lead all factors in this transect were vertically uniform.The west had higher concentrations of nutrient elements than that in the east, because of the influence of inshore areas input.In spring, the temperature increased and salinity decreased, while the nutrient elements were consumed, the thermocline and halocline grown up; these were conversely in the autumn.
2009, 31(2): 86-96.
Abstract:
Complicated authigenic minerals were identified by XRD and SEM in the study sediment samples from the southern Qiongdong Basin, the northern South China Sea, such as miscellaneous carbonate, sulphate and fram biodal pyrite, which consistently indicate the gas hydrate and methane seep to occur in the area.The assem blage and fabric features are similar to those being found in cold-seep sediments, which are thought to be related to microorganisms fueled by dissolved methane.Results of chemical composition analysis in the pore water of the sediment samples show that the concent rations of SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Sr2+ decrease clearly, and the concentration ratios of Mg2+ to Ca2+ and Sr2+ to Ca2+ increase sharply as the depth increases.These geochemical character istics are similar to chemical composition abnormalities in the pore water of the shallow sediments where the gas hydrate occurs in the world.Those results strongly indicate that there should be gas hydrates or deep water oil (gas) reservoirs underneath.
Complicated authigenic minerals were identified by XRD and SEM in the study sediment samples from the southern Qiongdong Basin, the northern South China Sea, such as miscellaneous carbonate, sulphate and fram biodal pyrite, which consistently indicate the gas hydrate and methane seep to occur in the area.The assem blage and fabric features are similar to those being found in cold-seep sediments, which are thought to be related to microorganisms fueled by dissolved methane.Results of chemical composition analysis in the pore water of the sediment samples show that the concent rations of SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Sr2+ decrease clearly, and the concentration ratios of Mg2+ to Ca2+ and Sr2+ to Ca2+ increase sharply as the depth increases.These geochemical character istics are similar to chemical composition abnormalities in the pore water of the shallow sediments where the gas hydrate occurs in the world.Those results strongly indicate that there should be gas hydrates or deep water oil (gas) reservoirs underneath.
2009, 31(2): 97-103.
Abstract:
The western-edge fault zone of the South China Sea is divided into the southern and northern parts about at 8°N.The main fault of the western-edge fault zone is originated from the Mesozoic basement fault, continuously developed into the Cenozoic, and has dominated the growth of Cenozoic basins nearby it.The non-magnetic, high-density igneous rocks in the fault zone belong to granite intrusion of one period among the Indosinian or Yanshanian Ⅰ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ phases, which is most possibly at the end of the Yanshanian.The main fault of the western-edge fault zone extends through the middle of the Wan'an Basin, and its right-lateral strike-slip activities have induced the marginal depressing and rifting at the east of the Wan'an Basin.
The western-edge fault zone of the South China Sea is divided into the southern and northern parts about at 8°N.The main fault of the western-edge fault zone is originated from the Mesozoic basement fault, continuously developed into the Cenozoic, and has dominated the growth of Cenozoic basins nearby it.The non-magnetic, high-density igneous rocks in the fault zone belong to granite intrusion of one period among the Indosinian or Yanshanian Ⅰ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ phases, which is most possibly at the end of the Yanshanian.The main fault of the western-edge fault zone extends through the middle of the Wan'an Basin, and its right-lateral strike-slip activities have induced the marginal depressing and rifting at the east of the Wan'an Basin.
2009, 31(2): 104-112.
Abstract:
Based on the observation data of current velocity, sediment concentration, grainsize and combining the result of simulation, to analyse the trend of sediment transport and erosion and deposition of the bed.In the whole research region, the sediment concent ration increases gradually from the seashore to the of fshore area.The north is higher than the south, and the north-east of estuary is highest; The grain size of bed reduces gradually from the seashore to the off shore area, and the north is lower than the south; The decharge sediment of convey is the most source deposition, and the bigger erosion region in the south of riverway and seashore.The wind has prominent effect on sediment transport in this region: the sea water is clearing eneral whether, but it change turbid in the big wind whether.The sediment deposit rapidlyafter wind, and the sea water changes clear again.The simulation result shows the sediment concentration is 9 mul tiple bigger in wind than no wind.
Based on the observation data of current velocity, sediment concentration, grainsize and combining the result of simulation, to analyse the trend of sediment transport and erosion and deposition of the bed.In the whole research region, the sediment concent ration increases gradually from the seashore to the of fshore area.The north is higher than the south, and the north-east of estuary is highest; The grain size of bed reduces gradually from the seashore to the off shore area, and the north is lower than the south; The decharge sediment of convey is the most source deposition, and the bigger erosion region in the south of riverway and seashore.The wind has prominent effect on sediment transport in this region: the sea water is clearing eneral whether, but it change turbid in the big wind whether.The sediment deposit rapidlyafter wind, and the sea water changes clear again.The simulation result shows the sediment concentration is 9 mul tiple bigger in wind than no wind.
2009, 31(2): 113-119.
Abstract:
Stable organic carbon isotope, biogenic silicate and chlor in were studied from a sediment core for discussing the variation of paleoproductivity and environmental implications in the past decades in the Changjiang Estuary.The shifting of structures of phytoplankton community in the past decades were disscused using the records of these biomarkers with the long-term variations of nutrient concentrations and their ratios.The results show that δ13C values range from - 26.15×10-3 to - 19.5×10-3, suggesting the mixing of organic carbon sources of riverine with marine or ganisms.The biogenic proxies present three stages of paleoproductivity changes: before the 1950s with low production; the 1950s——the 1980s with increasing production dominated by diatoms, consistent with increasing of nutrient concentrations; shallower before the 1980s with decreasing production.In this stage, the diatom production decreased while the production of other phytoplankton communities increased affected by high nutrients inputs and high content ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus and phosphorus to silicon in the Changjiang Estuary.The sedimentation records also indicated that the riverine organic carbon increased after the 1980s.
Stable organic carbon isotope, biogenic silicate and chlor in were studied from a sediment core for discussing the variation of paleoproductivity and environmental implications in the past decades in the Changjiang Estuary.The shifting of structures of phytoplankton community in the past decades were disscused using the records of these biomarkers with the long-term variations of nutrient concentrations and their ratios.The results show that δ13C values range from - 26.15×10-3 to - 19.5×10-3, suggesting the mixing of organic carbon sources of riverine with marine or ganisms.The biogenic proxies present three stages of paleoproductivity changes: before the 1950s with low production; the 1950s——the 1980s with increasing production dominated by diatoms, consistent with increasing of nutrient concentrations; shallower before the 1980s with decreasing production.In this stage, the diatom production decreased while the production of other phytoplankton communities increased affected by high nutrients inputs and high content ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus and phosphorus to silicon in the Changjiang Estuary.The sedimentation records also indicated that the riverine organic carbon increased after the 1980s.
2009, 31(2): 120-128.
Abstract:
The mast cells in hindgut, head kidney and spleen of H apalogenys nitens were investigated by using transmission electron micro scopy.The results showed that mast cells possessing cytoplasmic processes or surface folds were found in all the organs studied, but were especially abundant in hindgut and head kidney.The mast cells perhaps could be classified into two major subtypes by the special substructures of their characteristic cytoplasmic granules and referred to as type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ mast cells.The cytoplasmic granules with tiny particulate substructure were characteristic of the type Ⅰ mast cells, which distributed mainly in the lamina propria and submucosa layers of the hindgut and in the connective tissues of the head kidney.And the type Ⅱ mast cells locating only in the connective tissues of the head kidney and spleen were characterized by their cytoplasmic granules exhibiting a variety of crystalline substructural patterns, such as whorl, thread, honeycomb, particulate, amorphism, and mixture of these substructural patterns.The degranulation was also found in the two subtypes of mast cells.Our results demonst rate that numerous mast cells containing characteristic cytoplasmic granules with delicate special substructures are present in hindgut, head kidney and spleen of H apalogenys nitens.
The mast cells in hindgut, head kidney and spleen of H apalogenys nitens were investigated by using transmission electron micro scopy.The results showed that mast cells possessing cytoplasmic processes or surface folds were found in all the organs studied, but were especially abundant in hindgut and head kidney.The mast cells perhaps could be classified into two major subtypes by the special substructures of their characteristic cytoplasmic granules and referred to as type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ mast cells.The cytoplasmic granules with tiny particulate substructure were characteristic of the type Ⅰ mast cells, which distributed mainly in the lamina propria and submucosa layers of the hindgut and in the connective tissues of the head kidney.And the type Ⅱ mast cells locating only in the connective tissues of the head kidney and spleen were characterized by their cytoplasmic granules exhibiting a variety of crystalline substructural patterns, such as whorl, thread, honeycomb, particulate, amorphism, and mixture of these substructural patterns.The degranulation was also found in the two subtypes of mast cells.Our results demonst rate that numerous mast cells containing characteristic cytoplasmic granules with delicate special substructures are present in hindgut, head kidney and spleen of H apalogenys nitens.
2009, 31(2): 129-138.
Abstract:
Major histocompatibility complex is one of crucial innate immune factors in vertebrates.In this study, RACE, Realtime PCR and SSCP techniques had been used to study the structure and expression characterization o f MHC gene from Epinephelus akaara, 4 complete cDNA sequences of MHC class Ⅱβ chain from E.akaara was obtained, the sequences have the length of 1195~1355 bp, and contain a 3' UTR, promoters, a peptide-binding region(β1), an immuno globulin-like region(β2), a transmembrane region, a cytoplas ic region, and 5' UTR.The size of their coding region is 750 bp, exhibits a classic MHC 3D molecular structure and abundant polymorphisms in the peptide-binding region.Within the peptide-binding region,β1 included an alpha-helical region and a beta sheet of four strands in antiparallel orientation, while β2 forms a sandwhich-like structure made of two ant iparallel sheets, with each containing several strands.Using SSCP technique, we observed high levels of expression of poly morphism in 12 tissue such as head-kidney, heart and liver.We also constructed phylogenetic tree based on Neighbour-Joining methods with IGC region of the MHC ⅡB gene.These results showed that the amino acid sequence of the IGC region of MHC ⅡB is informative for phylogenetic studies in fishes.
Major histocompatibility complex is one of crucial innate immune factors in vertebrates.In this study, RACE, Realtime PCR and SSCP techniques had been used to study the structure and expression characterization o f MHC gene from Epinephelus akaara, 4 complete cDNA sequences of MHC class Ⅱβ chain from E.akaara was obtained, the sequences have the length of 1195~1355 bp, and contain a 3' UTR, promoters, a peptide-binding region(β1), an immuno globulin-like region(β2), a transmembrane region, a cytoplas ic region, and 5' UTR.The size of their coding region is 750 bp, exhibits a classic MHC 3D molecular structure and abundant polymorphisms in the peptide-binding region.Within the peptide-binding region,β1 included an alpha-helical region and a beta sheet of four strands in antiparallel orientation, while β2 forms a sandwhich-like structure made of two ant iparallel sheets, with each containing several strands.Using SSCP technique, we observed high levels of expression of poly morphism in 12 tissue such as head-kidney, heart and liver.We also constructed phylogenetic tree based on Neighbour-Joining methods with IGC region of the MHC ⅡB gene.These results showed that the amino acid sequence of the IGC region of MHC ⅡB is informative for phylogenetic studies in fishes.
2009, 31(2): 139-145.
Abstract:
The dorsal ossicles of 6 Holothurians in South China Sea were observed with scanning electron-microscope (SEM).The results show that there are 3 types of rosettes and a type of rods in Bohadschia argus, 2 types of tables and a type of buttons in Holothurial eucospilota, 2 types of tables, a type of C-shaped rods and a type of rosettes in Stichopus hermanni, 4 types of rods in Thelenota ananas, a type of rosettes in Actinopyga lecanora, a type of rods, a type of pseudo-tables and a type of miliary granules in Thelenota anax.Comparison with the previous reports shows that the tables' disc of H.leucospilota is perforated by only one large central hole but not 4 holes, and the cross beam did not exist in S.hermanni's tables.Several new types of ossicles are found also.
The dorsal ossicles of 6 Holothurians in South China Sea were observed with scanning electron-microscope (SEM).The results show that there are 3 types of rosettes and a type of rods in Bohadschia argus, 2 types of tables and a type of buttons in Holothurial eucospilota, 2 types of tables, a type of C-shaped rods and a type of rosettes in Stichopus hermanni, 4 types of rods in Thelenota ananas, a type of rosettes in Actinopyga lecanora, a type of rods, a type of pseudo-tables and a type of miliary granules in Thelenota anax.Comparison with the previous reports shows that the tables' disc of H.leucospilota is perforated by only one large central hole but not 4 holes, and the cross beam did not exist in S.hermanni's tables.Several new types of ossicles are found also.
2009, 31(2): 146-151.
Abstract:
Hemolytic activity of the cell lysate and culture medium of Karlodinium micrum were tested at various algal growth phases, as well as to compare the difference between ethyl acetate and Bligh-Dyer, the major components of the hemolysin were fractionated with column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography.The results showed that the hemolytic activity in cells of K.micrum at the four growth phases maintained at a high level, whereas high hemolytic activity was only observed in the stationary and senescent phases in the filtrates the culture media, indicating that the hemolysin of K.micrum are normal physiological metabolites, and can be released into the environment when cells are in aging process.Ethyl acetate extraction and Bligh-Dyer extraction are both feasible to extract the hem olysin.Through chromatographic separation and hemolytic activity assay tracking, we found that there were three major hemolysin fractions in K.micrum, and two polyunsaturated fatty acid, namely 18:5n3 and 22:6n3, may play an important role in hemolysis.
Hemolytic activity of the cell lysate and culture medium of Karlodinium micrum were tested at various algal growth phases, as well as to compare the difference between ethyl acetate and Bligh-Dyer, the major components of the hemolysin were fractionated with column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography.The results showed that the hemolytic activity in cells of K.micrum at the four growth phases maintained at a high level, whereas high hemolytic activity was only observed in the stationary and senescent phases in the filtrates the culture media, indicating that the hemolysin of K.micrum are normal physiological metabolites, and can be released into the environment when cells are in aging process.Ethyl acetate extraction and Bligh-Dyer extraction are both feasible to extract the hem olysin.Through chromatographic separation and hemolytic activity assay tracking, we found that there were three major hemolysin fractions in K.micrum, and two polyunsaturated fatty acid, namely 18:5n3 and 22:6n3, may play an important role in hemolysis.
2009, 31(2): 152-158.
Abstract:
A moderate thermophilic acidophic bacterium TPY was isolated from hydrothermal vent of the Pacific Ocean, and the study of its morphological characteristics, physiological characterization and 16S rDNA sequence analyses had been done.The strain is Gram positive, rod-shaped in (0.3~0.5)μm×(1~3)μm.The optimal growth temperature is about 50℃, the optimal pH is 1.8.The TPY strain not only can utilize iron and element sulfur as electron donor, but also utilizey east extracts, glucose, peptone and glycerol.The 16S rDNA sequences analysis indicated that the strain TPY was very similar to Sul fobacillus acidophilus (AB089842).Thus the strain TPY was identified as the species Sulf obacillus acidophilus from deep sea.The successful isolation of the strain TPY is helpful to underst and the microo rganic community of hydrothermal vent of the Pacific Ocean.The ability of this strain to oxidize iron and element sulfur shows that it has a good prospective in bioleaching.
A moderate thermophilic acidophic bacterium TPY was isolated from hydrothermal vent of the Pacific Ocean, and the study of its morphological characteristics, physiological characterization and 16S rDNA sequence analyses had been done.The strain is Gram positive, rod-shaped in (0.3~0.5)μm×(1~3)μm.The optimal growth temperature is about 50℃, the optimal pH is 1.8.The TPY strain not only can utilize iron and element sulfur as electron donor, but also utilizey east extracts, glucose, peptone and glycerol.The 16S rDNA sequences analysis indicated that the strain TPY was very similar to Sul fobacillus acidophilus (AB089842).Thus the strain TPY was identified as the species Sulf obacillus acidophilus from deep sea.The successful isolation of the strain TPY is helpful to underst and the microo rganic community of hydrothermal vent of the Pacific Ocean.The ability of this strain to oxidize iron and element sulfur shows that it has a good prospective in bioleaching.
2009, 31(2): 159-164.
Abstract:
The elliptic mild-slope equation for linear water waves is an effective mathematic model for studying the water wave propagating in coastal mild-slope zones.The finite volume method on a unstructured grid system is adaptive well to complicated boundaries, and keeps conservation during the it erative calculation.The numerical model for the elliptic mild-slope equation on the unstr uctured grid is presented.In the presented model, the elliptic mild-slope equation is discredited based on the finite volume method on the unstructured grid, and the GPBiCG (m, n) algorithm is applied to solve the discredited equation.It is shown that the presented numerical model can be applicable to simulating the coastal wave propagation in complicated boundary conditions effectively.
The elliptic mild-slope equation for linear water waves is an effective mathematic model for studying the water wave propagating in coastal mild-slope zones.The finite volume method on a unstructured grid system is adaptive well to complicated boundaries, and keeps conservation during the it erative calculation.The numerical model for the elliptic mild-slope equation on the unstr uctured grid is presented.In the presented model, the elliptic mild-slope equation is discredited based on the finite volume method on the unstructured grid, and the GPBiCG (m, n) algorithm is applied to solve the discredited equation.It is shown that the presented numerical model can be applicable to simulating the coastal wave propagation in complicated boundary conditions effectively.
2009, 31(2): 165-174.
Abstract:
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