2008 Vol. 30, No. 1
Display Method:
2008, 30(1): 1-9.
Abstract:
Kuroshio in the East China Sea(KECS) and the currents in the east of the Ryukyu Islands are investigated by analyzing the up-to-date reanalysisdataof the high resolution ocean model.It is found that there is a western boundary current in the east of Ryukyu Islands with a maximum core velocity of 0.2 m/s at 600~1 200 m over the shelf slop.Because the water exchange through the ocean trough in the southwest of Okinaw a Island can affect the transport of KECS, the mean transport of KECS steadily increases from south to north, which is 28×106~35×106m3/s; the transport of the western bo undary current in the east of Ryukyu Islands is less an order of magnitudethan that of KECS, whose mean value is less than the standard deviation; because of the current through the ocean trough in the southwest of Okinawa, the transport in the east of Okinawa is less than that in the east of Amami-ohshima.The Rossby wave propagating westward in the east of Ryukyu Islands could influence the western boundary current in the east of Ryukyu Islands distinctly, so the distinct period of the transport of the west ern boundary current in east of Ryukyu Islands is approximately 100 d.The KECS in the south of the ocean trough is mainly controlledby the Kuroshio in the east of Taiwan, so the period of its transport is also approximately 100 d.But the KESC in the north of the ocean trough does not have thisfeature.
Kuroshio in the East China Sea(KECS) and the currents in the east of the Ryukyu Islands are investigated by analyzing the up-to-date reanalysisdataof the high resolution ocean model.It is found that there is a western boundary current in the east of Ryukyu Islands with a maximum core velocity of 0.2 m/s at 600~1 200 m over the shelf slop.Because the water exchange through the ocean trough in the southwest of Okinaw a Island can affect the transport of KECS, the mean transport of KECS steadily increases from south to north, which is 28×106~35×106m3/s; the transport of the western bo undary current in the east of Ryukyu Islands is less an order of magnitudethan that of KECS, whose mean value is less than the standard deviation; because of the current through the ocean trough in the southwest of Okinawa, the transport in the east of Okinawa is less than that in the east of Amami-ohshima.The Rossby wave propagating westward in the east of Ryukyu Islands could influence the western boundary current in the east of Ryukyu Islands distinctly, so the distinct period of the transport of the west ern boundary current in east of Ryukyu Islands is approximately 100 d.The KECS in the south of the ocean trough is mainly controlledby the Kuroshio in the east of Taiwan, so the period of its transport is also approximately 100 d.But the KESC in the north of the ocean trough does not have thisfeature.
2008, 30(1): 10-19.
Abstract:
Based on the NCEP/NCAR sea surface temperature (SST) data and the SODA sea temperature data in different depths, the variability of the sea temperature field is studied in the tropical Pacific Ocean.The difference of tropical western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) in shape structure between before and after climate shift has been discussed and then the WPWP has been defined over again.The spatial and temporal variability of the WPWP which is defined anew has been analyzed.The results indicate that the climatological depth of the WPWP by new definition is about 130m and with an "ear" shape structure that is shallow in the west and deep in the east.The WPWP is narrow in the north-south direction and broad in the eastwest direction during winter and spring.The WPWP expands northward during summer and autumn.The climatological deepest center of the WPWP is at about (5°S, 180°) and it is the shallowest during the summer and the deepest during the winter and spring.The variability of the WPWP depth correlated negatively with the index of Niño3.Moreover, the analysis of correlation between sea temperature anomaly at different depths in the WPWP and the index of Niño3 indicates that the east ward propagation of sea temperature anomaly at subsurface layer in the WPWP has major effect on the occurring of ENSO events, but the variability of sea surface temperature anomaly has no close relationship with the ENSO events.
Based on the NCEP/NCAR sea surface temperature (SST) data and the SODA sea temperature data in different depths, the variability of the sea temperature field is studied in the tropical Pacific Ocean.The difference of tropical western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) in shape structure between before and after climate shift has been discussed and then the WPWP has been defined over again.The spatial and temporal variability of the WPWP which is defined anew has been analyzed.The results indicate that the climatological depth of the WPWP by new definition is about 130m and with an "ear" shape structure that is shallow in the west and deep in the east.The WPWP is narrow in the north-south direction and broad in the eastwest direction during winter and spring.The WPWP expands northward during summer and autumn.The climatological deepest center of the WPWP is at about (5°S, 180°) and it is the shallowest during the summer and the deepest during the winter and spring.The variability of the WPWP depth correlated negatively with the index of Niño3.Moreover, the analysis of correlation between sea temperature anomaly at different depths in the WPWP and the index of Niño3 indicates that the east ward propagation of sea temperature anomaly at subsurface layer in the WPWP has major effect on the occurring of ENSO events, but the variability of sea surface temperature anomaly has no close relationship with the ENSO events.
2008, 30(1): 20-30.
Abstract:
The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the air-sea latent heat flux (LHF) over the South China Sea (SCS) in the early and late monsoon years have been analyzed based on the daily RE_NCEP data of LHF from January of 1982 to December of 2001.In order to diagnose the impacts of LHF on the summer southwest monsoon, the correlation coef ficient is respectively calculated between LHF and 850hPa wind over the northern and southern SCS.It concludes that the abnormal LHF over the northern SCS(13°~22°N, 105°~120°E) is opposite to that over the southern (5°~13°N, 100°~120°E) from December in last year to March whether in early monsoon years or the late ones.Additionally, in contrast of the late monsoon years, the LHF over the SCS takes on the opposite abnormity in the early ones.From winter to early spring in the early (late) monsoon years, the abnormal LHF over the northern SCS is positive (negative), while the one over the southern SCS is negative (positive); In the other seasons, the positively abnormal LHF lasts longer (shorter) with the monsoon weaker (stronger).Furthermore, the LHF from winter to early spring over the northern SCS is positively correlated with the southwest summer monsoon.When the abnormal LHF is positive (negative), the southwest monsoon early (late) breaks out and becomes stronger (weaker) over the northern SCS.Because the negative (positive) SSTA makes the thermal situation in the SCS much more different from its neighborhood land in 0~3 months later than the LHF.
The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the air-sea latent heat flux (LHF) over the South China Sea (SCS) in the early and late monsoon years have been analyzed based on the daily RE_NCEP data of LHF from January of 1982 to December of 2001.In order to diagnose the impacts of LHF on the summer southwest monsoon, the correlation coef ficient is respectively calculated between LHF and 850hPa wind over the northern and southern SCS.It concludes that the abnormal LHF over the northern SCS(13°~22°N, 105°~120°E) is opposite to that over the southern (5°~13°N, 100°~120°E) from December in last year to March whether in early monsoon years or the late ones.Additionally, in contrast of the late monsoon years, the LHF over the SCS takes on the opposite abnormity in the early ones.From winter to early spring in the early (late) monsoon years, the abnormal LHF over the northern SCS is positive (negative), while the one over the southern SCS is negative (positive); In the other seasons, the positively abnormal LHF lasts longer (shorter) with the monsoon weaker (stronger).Furthermore, the LHF from winter to early spring over the northern SCS is positively correlated with the southwest summer monsoon.When the abnormal LHF is positive (negative), the southwest monsoon early (late) breaks out and becomes stronger (weaker) over the northern SCS.Because the negative (positive) SSTA makes the thermal situation in the SCS much more different from its neighborhood land in 0~3 months later than the LHF.
2008, 30(1): 31-41.
Abstract:
Based on the annual TC dataset of CMA and OI data of SST of NCEP, by using EOF and Proba- bility Analysis, the space-time distribution characteristics of the SST linked with the tropical cyclones landing from Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea are explored.The probability of reaching Maximum Potential Intensity (MPI) of these storms is calculated.The results indicate, the obvious positive anomaly (> 1℃) of SST in Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea are essential condition for north track of the TCs.Before every TC moving across the two seas, the SST anomaly of a key region is going up.Only 30% of the storms can reach to 50% of their MPI, and only 1% can reach to 80%.
Based on the annual TC dataset of CMA and OI data of SST of NCEP, by using EOF and Proba- bility Analysis, the space-time distribution characteristics of the SST linked with the tropical cyclones landing from Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea are explored.The probability of reaching Maximum Potential Intensity (MPI) of these storms is calculated.The results indicate, the obvious positive anomaly (> 1℃) of SST in Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea are essential condition for north track of the TCs.Before every TC moving across the two seas, the SST anomaly of a key region is going up.Only 30% of the storms can reach to 50% of their MPI, and only 1% can reach to 80%.
2008, 30(1): 42-46.
Abstract:
According to the Maxwell electromagnetic theory, motion of ocean waves will generate electromagnetic field.On the basis of a simple mathematic- physical model, the distribution of the electromagnetic field in the ocean is calculated.Results show that the electromagnetic field strongly depends on the period and amplitude of ocean waves.Within 100 m depth the amplitude of the magnetic field is in the order of nanotesla.The electric field is a few microvolts permetre.In the same depth, the magnetic field presents a near-linear tendency with the ocean wave depth.For the electric field, a maximum value is observed, which moves to the long period direction with the depth increase.The electromagnetic field is a major reason to influence the accuracy of the marine electromagnetic prospecting data.
According to the Maxwell electromagnetic theory, motion of ocean waves will generate electromagnetic field.On the basis of a simple mathematic- physical model, the distribution of the electromagnetic field in the ocean is calculated.Results show that the electromagnetic field strongly depends on the period and amplitude of ocean waves.Within 100 m depth the amplitude of the magnetic field is in the order of nanotesla.The electric field is a few microvolts permetre.In the same depth, the magnetic field presents a near-linear tendency with the ocean wave depth.For the electric field, a maximum value is observed, which moves to the long period direction with the depth increase.The electromagnetic field is a major reason to influence the accuracy of the marine electromagnetic prospecting data.
2008, 30(1): 47-50.
Abstract:
The image rotating phenomenon occurs in the China "HY——1A" satellite ocean color temperature scanner because the onboard K mirror is unable to work, and it impacts the quality of satellite images.The multi-pixel scanning track of 45° rotating scanning mirror with K mirror is analyzed based on the vector theory of optical refraction.First, the K mirror's angle is searched automatically based on the theory of image relativity.Second, the rotating image is corrected by the K mirror's angle and the theory of multipixel scanning.Finally, a usable corrected-image is obtained.
The image rotating phenomenon occurs in the China "HY——1A" satellite ocean color temperature scanner because the onboard K mirror is unable to work, and it impacts the quality of satellite images.The multi-pixel scanning track of 45° rotating scanning mirror with K mirror is analyzed based on the vector theory of optical refraction.First, the K mirror's angle is searched automatically based on the theory of image relativity.Second, the rotating image is corrected by the K mirror's angle and the theory of multipixel scanning.Finally, a usable corrected-image is obtained.
2008, 30(1): 51-58.
Abstract:
Remotely sensed bathymetric technology has awide application for the water-depth measurement in a coastal zone, an estuary and other water bodies of different types.Owing to the turbid characteristic of water, the bathymetry in nearshore and estuary areas by means of visible-light remote sensing technology is comparatively difficult.The improvement for the inversion precision of water depth in these areas mainly relies on two aspects:(1)the reliability of bathymetric inversion model; and (2) considering that how sunpended matter in a water body influences the reflection spectrum of water.Taking the Changjiang Estuary as a study area, firstly four appropriate water depth inversion factors were chosen by the correlation analysis between real water depth data and corresponding pixel reflectance value.And then, linear, nonlinear and BP artificial neural network models for the bathymetric inversion were established and compared in detail.On the basis of these models and the study results about the spectral characteristics of suspended sediments, a remote sensing-based bathymetric inversion model was established which was suitable for water depth extraction in shallow, turbid estuary and offshore areas.Inversion results showed that the average relative error is less than 15%.Between the water depths of 7~14 m, the precision is much better and the average relative error only reaches 8.5%.
Remotely sensed bathymetric technology has awide application for the water-depth measurement in a coastal zone, an estuary and other water bodies of different types.Owing to the turbid characteristic of water, the bathymetry in nearshore and estuary areas by means of visible-light remote sensing technology is comparatively difficult.The improvement for the inversion precision of water depth in these areas mainly relies on two aspects:(1)the reliability of bathymetric inversion model; and (2) considering that how sunpended matter in a water body influences the reflection spectrum of water.Taking the Changjiang Estuary as a study area, firstly four appropriate water depth inversion factors were chosen by the correlation analysis between real water depth data and corresponding pixel reflectance value.And then, linear, nonlinear and BP artificial neural network models for the bathymetric inversion were established and compared in detail.On the basis of these models and the study results about the spectral characteristics of suspended sediments, a remote sensing-based bathymetric inversion model was established which was suitable for water depth extraction in shallow, turbid estuary and offshore areas.Inversion results showed that the average relative error is less than 15%.Between the water depths of 7~14 m, the precision is much better and the average relative error only reaches 8.5%.
2008, 30(1): 59-66.
Abstract:
Organic carbon and neutral monosaccharides were performed on sediments from Prydz Bay (Antarctic) during the CHINARE-18/21 cruise.The results show that the distributions of organic carbon and neutral monosaccharides in surface sediments were controlled by primary production in upper water, submarine topography and water stability.The average cotent of neutral monosaccharides in surface sediment is 3.03 mg/g, the hig hest value is 5.60 mg/g and occurred in adjacent continental shelf.The relation between concentration of organic carbon and Chl a in surface water is close.The neutral monosaccharides compositions can reflect the source of biogenic matter.Plankton in upper ocean are the main source of organic carbon in surface sediment.The neutral monosaccharides are liable to degrade.We can presume the relative sedimentation rate by the abundance of hexoses and their vertical distributions.
Organic carbon and neutral monosaccharides were performed on sediments from Prydz Bay (Antarctic) during the CHINARE-18/21 cruise.The results show that the distributions of organic carbon and neutral monosaccharides in surface sediments were controlled by primary production in upper water, submarine topography and water stability.The average cotent of neutral monosaccharides in surface sediment is 3.03 mg/g, the hig hest value is 5.60 mg/g and occurred in adjacent continental shelf.The relation between concentration of organic carbon and Chl a in surface water is close.The neutral monosaccharides compositions can reflect the source of biogenic matter.Plankton in upper ocean are the main source of organic carbon in surface sediment.The neutral monosaccharides are liable to degrade.We can presume the relative sedimentation rate by the abundance of hexoses and their vertical distributions.
2008, 30(1): 67-73.
Abstract:
The oceanic cobalt-rich crusts as same as the manganese nodules, are the latent mineral product of oceanic bottom.Studying their formation will help to lock for the mineral deposits and assessment of resources.The texture and structure, matter composition of cobalt-rich crusts and the relationships between stromatolite laminae and ultramicrobes are systematically studied by the reflection light microscope and transmission electron microscope, as well as other analysis methods.It is found that cobal-trich crusts are similar to the smooth manganese nodules in stromatolite type and ultramicrobe species: The both have minima and Miniactinomyces chinesis.They have similar organogenic mechanism.It is considered that the ultramicrobes are constructors of the basic frame of oceanic cobalt-rich crusts (manganese stromatolite columns), and thus a new view on the crust's formation is advanced.
The oceanic cobalt-rich crusts as same as the manganese nodules, are the latent mineral product of oceanic bottom.Studying their formation will help to lock for the mineral deposits and assessment of resources.The texture and structure, matter composition of cobalt-rich crusts and the relationships between stromatolite laminae and ultramicrobes are systematically studied by the reflection light microscope and transmission electron microscope, as well as other analysis methods.It is found that cobal-trich crusts are similar to the smooth manganese nodules in stromatolite type and ultramicrobe species: The both have minima and Miniactinomyces chinesis.They have similar organogenic mechanism.It is considered that the ultramicrobes are constructors of the basic frame of oceanic cobalt-rich crusts (manganese stromatolite columns), and thus a new view on the crust's formation is advanced.
2008, 30(1): 74-79.
Abstract:
Columnar structure is one of the microstructures in cobalt-rich crusts.In order to elucidate its forming mechanism, microsco pical features and microprobe element chemistries have been analyzed with a high-resolution backscattered electron probe microscope analyzer on the profile of a cobalt-rich crust from the Mid-Pacific Mountains.The results show that the columnar structure consists of the light microlayers (rich in manganese, cobalt, nickel and oxygen) and gray microlayers (rich in iron and silicon), in which they occuralter nately, and the growth rates of the same micro layer are different and range from 0.27 to 0.92 mm/Ma.The reasons for the diferent colours of microlayers and the component alternation could be the change of redox environments resulting in the different phases of mineral forming.The electrical double layer of growth interface of cobalt-rich crusts could explain the bifurcation of microlayers of columnar structure and the variations of growth ratios in the same microlayer.
Columnar structure is one of the microstructures in cobalt-rich crusts.In order to elucidate its forming mechanism, microsco pical features and microprobe element chemistries have been analyzed with a high-resolution backscattered electron probe microscope analyzer on the profile of a cobalt-rich crust from the Mid-Pacific Mountains.The results show that the columnar structure consists of the light microlayers (rich in manganese, cobalt, nickel and oxygen) and gray microlayers (rich in iron and silicon), in which they occuralter nately, and the growth rates of the same micro layer are different and range from 0.27 to 0.92 mm/Ma.The reasons for the diferent colours of microlayers and the component alternation could be the change of redox environments resulting in the different phases of mineral forming.The electrical double layer of growth interface of cobalt-rich crusts could explain the bifurcation of microlayers of columnar structure and the variations of growth ratios in the same microlayer.
2008, 30(1): 80-85.
Abstract:
It is a conventional method for geochemical petroleum prospecting to generally use paraffin hydrocarbon as basic indexes of oil and gas.This conventional geochemical technology, however, shows some limits in the prospecting as paraffin is vulnerable to influences from human and biologic activities.Consequently, BTEX (short for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylem, which are direct biomarkers) among aromatic hydrocarbon series has been taken into account for the oil and gas prediction.Domestic and foreign study results demonst rate that BTEX is hardly disturbed and can well indicate oil and gas reservoirs.On the basis of measured data from a South China Sea area, self-developed visual assessment software for the geochemical petroleum prospecting is used to process data, strip background anomalies, and outline significant BTEX anomalies.Through comparison with stratigraphic profiles of the target area, it is confirmed that BTEX is good indicators of submarine oil and gas reservoirs.
It is a conventional method for geochemical petroleum prospecting to generally use paraffin hydrocarbon as basic indexes of oil and gas.This conventional geochemical technology, however, shows some limits in the prospecting as paraffin is vulnerable to influences from human and biologic activities.Consequently, BTEX (short for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylem, which are direct biomarkers) among aromatic hydrocarbon series has been taken into account for the oil and gas prediction.Domestic and foreign study results demonst rate that BTEX is hardly disturbed and can well indicate oil and gas reservoirs.On the basis of measured data from a South China Sea area, self-developed visual assessment software for the geochemical petroleum prospecting is used to process data, strip background anomalies, and outline significant BTEX anomalies.Through comparison with stratigraphic profiles of the target area, it is confirmed that BTEX is good indicators of submarine oil and gas reservoirs.
2008, 30(1): 86-92.
Abstract:
The compositions of clay and detrital minerals in the surface sediment of the northern South China Sea are studied based on the analyses of X-ray diffraction and micro scope observations.It is found that clay minerals consist mainly of illite, smectite, kaolinite and chlorite.Distribution characeteristics of the clay and detrital minerals are apparently different in the western and eastern areas.Detrital compositions are mainly microf ossils (calcareous and siliceous), light minerals (quartz and feldspar), and many kinds of heavy minerals with low contents.The research result shows that the detrital materials are derived from the fine eroded debris in the coastal areas by the sea current.The distributions of calcareous and siliceous micro fossils are apparently controlled by the carbonate dissolution.
The compositions of clay and detrital minerals in the surface sediment of the northern South China Sea are studied based on the analyses of X-ray diffraction and micro scope observations.It is found that clay minerals consist mainly of illite, smectite, kaolinite and chlorite.Distribution characeteristics of the clay and detrital minerals are apparently different in the western and eastern areas.Detrital compositions are mainly microf ossils (calcareous and siliceous), light minerals (quartz and feldspar), and many kinds of heavy minerals with low contents.The research result shows that the detrital materials are derived from the fine eroded debris in the coastal areas by the sea current.The distributions of calcareous and siliceous micro fossils are apparently controlled by the carbonate dissolution.
2008, 30(1): 93-99.
Abstract:
Sedimentary diatoms of Cores ZXZ1 and ZXZ2 collected in the Xijiang Delta were studied.Total of 168 species and variants of diatom species belonging to 48 genera were identified; six bands of Core ZXZ1 and five bands of Core ZXZ2 were classified based on adiatom species property.And stratigraphic subdivision and a correlation analysis were made according to diatomanalysis together with grain-size data and 14C year data, It is found that 0~11.35 m (including Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ diatom bands) of Core ZXZ1 belonged to the Holocene sedimentary, 11.35~35.6 m (including Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ diat om bands) belonged to the Late Pleist ocene sedimentary; 0~9.9 m (including Ⅲ, Ⅳ,Ⅴ diatom bands) belonged to the Holocene sedimentary, 9.9~33 m (including Ⅰ, Ⅱ diatom bands) belonged to the Late Pleistocene sedimentary.The sedimentation and environment since Pleistocene have been discussed.Results showed that at the Late Pleist ocene Core ZXZ1 was in marine sedimentary environment, and Core ZXZ2 was in land sedimentary environment; at Holocene the two core were all in marine sedimentary environment.The different sedimentary environments at the Late Pleistocene were mainly due to vertical motion of fault block.
Sedimentary diatoms of Cores ZXZ1 and ZXZ2 collected in the Xijiang Delta were studied.Total of 168 species and variants of diatom species belonging to 48 genera were identified; six bands of Core ZXZ1 and five bands of Core ZXZ2 were classified based on adiatom species property.And stratigraphic subdivision and a correlation analysis were made according to diatomanalysis together with grain-size data and 14C year data, It is found that 0~11.35 m (including Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ diatom bands) of Core ZXZ1 belonged to the Holocene sedimentary, 11.35~35.6 m (including Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ diat om bands) belonged to the Late Pleist ocene sedimentary; 0~9.9 m (including Ⅲ, Ⅳ,Ⅴ diatom bands) belonged to the Holocene sedimentary, 9.9~33 m (including Ⅰ, Ⅱ diatom bands) belonged to the Late Pleistocene sedimentary.The sedimentation and environment since Pleistocene have been discussed.Results showed that at the Late Pleist ocene Core ZXZ1 was in marine sedimentary environment, and Core ZXZ2 was in land sedimentary environment; at Holocene the two core were all in marine sedimentary environment.The different sedimentary environments at the Late Pleistocene were mainly due to vertical motion of fault block.
2008, 30(1): 100-104.
Abstract:
Multiple experiments measurements, such as AMS 14C dating, magnetic susceptibility, anhyster esis remanent magnetization and saturation remanent magnetization, were made on 64 samples of the DH 180 core sediment taken from the middle Okinaw a Trough.Magnetic parameters verified singularly at the two layers that sediments contain more volcanic matter.The magnetic susceptibility, the anhysteresis remanent magnetization and the saturation remanent magnetization show an increasing tendency, and the saturation shows a decreasing tendency oppositely at the depths from 57.5 to 82.5 cm and from 212.5 to 252.5 cm.The time of volcano ejecting events was calculated based on the data of datings at the depths of magnetic parameters changing evidently.It happened at 12.6 and 6.2 ka respectively, and the time of the last volcano ejecting event was consistent with K-Ah volcano ejecting events.
Multiple experiments measurements, such as AMS 14C dating, magnetic susceptibility, anhyster esis remanent magnetization and saturation remanent magnetization, were made on 64 samples of the DH 180 core sediment taken from the middle Okinaw a Trough.Magnetic parameters verified singularly at the two layers that sediments contain more volcanic matter.The magnetic susceptibility, the anhysteresis remanent magnetization and the saturation remanent magnetization show an increasing tendency, and the saturation shows a decreasing tendency oppositely at the depths from 57.5 to 82.5 cm and from 212.5 to 252.5 cm.The time of volcano ejecting events was calculated based on the data of datings at the depths of magnetic parameters changing evidently.It happened at 12.6 and 6.2 ka respectively, and the time of the last volcano ejecting event was consistent with K-Ah volcano ejecting events.
2008, 30(1): 105-112.
Abstract:
The pico-planktonic particles and optical beam attenuation profiles were sampled for the upper water columns of the Philippine Sea in autumn 2004.Three typical species, Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and autotrophic eukaryotes were determined by flow cytometry techniques, and their abundances and optical scattering properties were subsequently examined.Results indicate that Prochlor ococcus is one most abundant population, then the Synechococcus, and the abundance of autotrophic eukaryotes is relatively lowest.The bulk optical scattering coefficients of three particles correlate with the beam attenuation coefficients of the water column.Among these three populations, the autotrophic eukaryotes and Prochlorococcus are the most significant contributors to the beam cp(2.2% and 2.6%, respectively) via scattering, and only 0.3% can be attributed to Synechococcus.Only 5.1% of beam cp can be accounted for by the bulk scattering of three particles.
The pico-planktonic particles and optical beam attenuation profiles were sampled for the upper water columns of the Philippine Sea in autumn 2004.Three typical species, Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and autotrophic eukaryotes were determined by flow cytometry techniques, and their abundances and optical scattering properties were subsequently examined.Results indicate that Prochlor ococcus is one most abundant population, then the Synechococcus, and the abundance of autotrophic eukaryotes is relatively lowest.The bulk optical scattering coefficients of three particles correlate with the beam attenuation coefficients of the water column.Among these three populations, the autotrophic eukaryotes and Prochlorococcus are the most significant contributors to the beam cp(2.2% and 2.6%, respectively) via scattering, and only 0.3% can be attributed to Synechococcus.Only 5.1% of beam cp can be accounted for by the bulk scattering of three particles.
2008, 30(1): 113-118.
Abstract:
The isolation and purification procedure for Dasyatis akajei cartilage angiogenesis inhibitory factor-I (DCAIF-I) was developed.DCAIF-I yield was improved by investigating the extractconditions, and DCAIF-I purification was achieved by combining several types of column chromatographies.The angiogenesis inhibitory bioactivity of DCAIF-I was identified by two models, such as the collagenase model and the blood vessel formation model of the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryo(CAM).The orthogonal experiment method was used to optimize the extract conditions, such as temperature, pH, stirring rate, and extract time.Under the optimized conditions, it was found that a high concentration of protein with the yield of 0.84% was obtained at 30℃, pH 6.2, stiring rate of 100 r/min, and extract for 72 h.The combination and parameter selection of ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography achieved DCAIF-I purification to obtain the SDS-PAGE-purity preparation, The purifiedDCAIF-I was homogeneous as a single band of 62kDa in 12% SDS-PAGE stained with coomasie brilliant blue.The bioactivity of DCAIF-I was identified by the model of inhibitory activity of collagenase and the blood vessel formation of the CAM.The identification of collagenase model showed that the absorption value of DCAIF-I treated group was between the values of two control groups, which indicated that DCAIF-I could inhibit the dissolution of collagen protein with the inhibition rate of 36.3%.The identification of the CAM experiment indicates that the large area of blood vessels in DCAIF-I treated group exhibited heavy loss of color, accom panied with the decreased density of vessels.Quantitative analysisof CAM indicated that the blood vessels quantity of DCAIF-I treated group was decreased obviously with the increased dosage of DCAIF-I.Therefore, these findings have special importance in showing that DCAIF-I had the inhibitory activity on collagenase and the inhibitoryeffect of angiogenesis in the CAM.Moreover, the do sage of DCAIF-I correlated with the inhibitory effect of angiogenesis in the CAM.
The isolation and purification procedure for Dasyatis akajei cartilage angiogenesis inhibitory factor-I (DCAIF-I) was developed.DCAIF-I yield was improved by investigating the extractconditions, and DCAIF-I purification was achieved by combining several types of column chromatographies.The angiogenesis inhibitory bioactivity of DCAIF-I was identified by two models, such as the collagenase model and the blood vessel formation model of the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryo(CAM).The orthogonal experiment method was used to optimize the extract conditions, such as temperature, pH, stirring rate, and extract time.Under the optimized conditions, it was found that a high concentration of protein with the yield of 0.84% was obtained at 30℃, pH 6.2, stiring rate of 100 r/min, and extract for 72 h.The combination and parameter selection of ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography achieved DCAIF-I purification to obtain the SDS-PAGE-purity preparation, The purifiedDCAIF-I was homogeneous as a single band of 62kDa in 12% SDS-PAGE stained with coomasie brilliant blue.The bioactivity of DCAIF-I was identified by the model of inhibitory activity of collagenase and the blood vessel formation of the CAM.The identification of collagenase model showed that the absorption value of DCAIF-I treated group was between the values of two control groups, which indicated that DCAIF-I could inhibit the dissolution of collagen protein with the inhibition rate of 36.3%.The identification of the CAM experiment indicates that the large area of blood vessels in DCAIF-I treated group exhibited heavy loss of color, accom panied with the decreased density of vessels.Quantitative analysisof CAM indicated that the blood vessels quantity of DCAIF-I treated group was decreased obviously with the increased dosage of DCAIF-I.Therefore, these findings have special importance in showing that DCAIF-I had the inhibitory activity on collagenase and the inhibitoryeffect of angiogenesis in the CAM.Moreover, the do sage of DCAIF-I correlated with the inhibitory effect of angiogenesis in the CAM.
2008, 30(1): 119-126.
Abstract:
Through the examination of 377 samples of the Anthomedusae, eight new species and one new record are described.
Through the examination of 377 samples of the Anthomedusae, eight new species and one new record are described.
2008, 30(1): 127-134.
Abstract:
104 strains of antagonistic bacteria against pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from dominant flor a of Pseudosciaena crocea intestine by dot-inoculating method.The results of antibacterial spectra and growth curves of eleven strains with better antagonistic effect showed that: 4 strains isolated from NAC plate had wider range of antibacterial spectra, 3 strains isolated from manganic nutrientagar plate had advantage on growth.The utilization of carbon source of three strains(R22, Y58 and J312) which had a wide antibacterial spectra and growth advantages were mensurated by BIOLOG.The results showed that: all of the 3 strains had wider carbon-source spectra; they could utilize saccharide, organic acid and amino acid; there were no severity competition on nutriment between antagonistic bacteria and marine fish.All results above indicate that these three strains of antagonistic bacteria accord with the properties of probiotics, which should be further studied.16S rRNA gene homology of the three strains were analyzed in Genebank, and the results showed that strains had homology more than 99% with R22, Y58 and J312 were Vibrio, Bacillus and Pseudomonas respectively.Results of further biochemical identification showed that: R22 was V.alginolyticus, J312 was P.fluorescens, while Y58 could not be identified by bio Merieux.Although antagonistic bacteria isolated (strain R22, Y58, J312) measure up to probiotics for their antagonistic effect, fast growth and carbon source utlity, their security to fish and application effect should be confirmed before they can be use as probiotics.
104 strains of antagonistic bacteria against pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from dominant flor a of Pseudosciaena crocea intestine by dot-inoculating method.The results of antibacterial spectra and growth curves of eleven strains with better antagonistic effect showed that: 4 strains isolated from NAC plate had wider range of antibacterial spectra, 3 strains isolated from manganic nutrientagar plate had advantage on growth.The utilization of carbon source of three strains(R22, Y58 and J312) which had a wide antibacterial spectra and growth advantages were mensurated by BIOLOG.The results showed that: all of the 3 strains had wider carbon-source spectra; they could utilize saccharide, organic acid and amino acid; there were no severity competition on nutriment between antagonistic bacteria and marine fish.All results above indicate that these three strains of antagonistic bacteria accord with the properties of probiotics, which should be further studied.16S rRNA gene homology of the three strains were analyzed in Genebank, and the results showed that strains had homology more than 99% with R22, Y58 and J312 were Vibrio, Bacillus and Pseudomonas respectively.Results of further biochemical identification showed that: R22 was V.alginolyticus, J312 was P.fluorescens, while Y58 could not be identified by bio Merieux.Although antagonistic bacteria isolated (strain R22, Y58, J312) measure up to probiotics for their antagonistic effect, fast growth and carbon source utlity, their security to fish and application effect should be confirmed before they can be use as probiotics.
2008, 30(1): 135-139.
Abstract:
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the major shrimp pathogens causing large economic losses for shrimp farming.In an attempt to identify the envelope proteins involved in the virus infection, purified WSSV virions were mixed with three antisera against WSSV envelope proteins (VP39, VP124 and VP187), individually.And then they were injected intramuscularly into crayfish to conduct in vivo neutralizationassays.The results showed that for groups injected with virions only and groups injected with virions and the VP124 antiserum mixture, the crayfish mortalities were 100% and 60% at 8 day spost-infection, individually.The virus infection could be neutralized by antibody against the envelope protein VP124.Quantitative PCR were used to further investigate the influence of three antisera above described on the virus infection.The results showed that the VP124 antiserum couldrestrainthe propagation of WSSV in cray fish.All of the results suggested that the viral envelope protein VP124 played a role in WSSV infection.
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the major shrimp pathogens causing large economic losses for shrimp farming.In an attempt to identify the envelope proteins involved in the virus infection, purified WSSV virions were mixed with three antisera against WSSV envelope proteins (VP39, VP124 and VP187), individually.And then they were injected intramuscularly into crayfish to conduct in vivo neutralizationassays.The results showed that for groups injected with virions only and groups injected with virions and the VP124 antiserum mixture, the crayfish mortalities were 100% and 60% at 8 day spost-infection, individually.The virus infection could be neutralized by antibody against the envelope protein VP124.Quantitative PCR were used to further investigate the influence of three antisera above described on the virus infection.The results showed that the VP124 antiserum couldrestrainthe propagation of WSSV in cray fish.All of the results suggested that the viral envelope protein VP124 played a role in WSSV infection.
2008, 30(1): 140-146.
Abstract:
The samples of wild Porphyra haitanensis were collected from different environment in Pingtan Island of Fujian Province.Through enzymolysis to somatic cells and their self-reproduction, the conchocelis and thallus of wild stain B, C and D were obtained after 2~3 years selection and cultivation.The results are as follows: (1) The wild-selected strain B, C and D exhibited relatively faster growth, which was about 3.25~3.75 cm/d.The thallus growth of Strain A, which has not been selected, was about 2.12 cm/d.Traditional cultivated strain exhibited the slowest growth, only 1.37 cm/d.(2) Strain B exhibited remarkable resistance to high temperature.The increasing rate of weight per day could reach up to 4.34% after cultured for 10 days in 30, while the control stain began to rot after cultured for 5 days in 27.(3) Strain B exhibited remarkable tolerance to low capacity of N and P.In low nitrogen and phosphorus environments, the blades color of strain B became buff after 9 days cultivation.But it recovered to normal condition after cultured for 3 days in seawater of normal content of nitrogen and phosphorus.However, the control group began to rot in the middle part of blade after 6 days and the rot ten proportion was about 2/3 in 9th days in the same condition.(4) The phycobiliproteinin content of stain B was 98.89 mg/g, but the number was only 50.04 mg/g when it comes to control group.Therefore, strain B shows superiority in growth rate, high-temperature resistance and low-N-and-P tolerance.The results are helpful for genetic improvement, wild strains selective breeding and utilization in P.haitanensis.
The samples of wild Porphyra haitanensis were collected from different environment in Pingtan Island of Fujian Province.Through enzymolysis to somatic cells and their self-reproduction, the conchocelis and thallus of wild stain B, C and D were obtained after 2~3 years selection and cultivation.The results are as follows: (1) The wild-selected strain B, C and D exhibited relatively faster growth, which was about 3.25~3.75 cm/d.The thallus growth of Strain A, which has not been selected, was about 2.12 cm/d.Traditional cultivated strain exhibited the slowest growth, only 1.37 cm/d.(2) Strain B exhibited remarkable resistance to high temperature.The increasing rate of weight per day could reach up to 4.34% after cultured for 10 days in 30, while the control stain began to rot after cultured for 5 days in 27.(3) Strain B exhibited remarkable tolerance to low capacity of N and P.In low nitrogen and phosphorus environments, the blades color of strain B became buff after 9 days cultivation.But it recovered to normal condition after cultured for 3 days in seawater of normal content of nitrogen and phosphorus.However, the control group began to rot in the middle part of blade after 6 days and the rot ten proportion was about 2/3 in 9th days in the same condition.(4) The phycobiliproteinin content of stain B was 98.89 mg/g, but the number was only 50.04 mg/g when it comes to control group.Therefore, strain B shows superiority in growth rate, high-temperature resistance and low-N-and-P tolerance.The results are helpful for genetic improvement, wild strains selective breeding and utilization in P.haitanensis.
2008, 30(1): 147-155.
Abstract:
Waves, breaking-wave-induced long shore currents and pollutant movement in waves and currents have been numerically simulated based on the hyper bolic mild-slope equation, the shallow water equation and the pollutant movement equation, and the comparison between the numerical and experimental results have also been made.The numerical results show that the longshore current velocity and wave set-up increase with the increase of the incident wave amplitude and off shore slope gradient; the wave set-up increases with the increase of the incident wave period.In a mild-slope coastal zone, the longshore currents induced by the inclined incident waves have important influence on longshore pollutant movement.
Waves, breaking-wave-induced long shore currents and pollutant movement in waves and currents have been numerically simulated based on the hyper bolic mild-slope equation, the shallow water equation and the pollutant movement equation, and the comparison between the numerical and experimental results have also been made.The numerical results show that the longshore current velocity and wave set-up increase with the increase of the incident wave amplitude and off shore slope gradient; the wave set-up increases with the increase of the incident wave period.In a mild-slope coastal zone, the longshore currents induced by the inclined incident waves have important influence on longshore pollutant movement.
2008, 30(1): 156-164.
Abstract:
The characteristics of wave forces acting on a two-dimensional submerged floating body with arbitrary shape in layerd fluid are considered.On the hasis of appropriate Green functions, boundary integral equation method is used to analyze the problem of water waves scattered by the floating body.After the correctness of this method was verified by a comparison of reflection and transmission coef icients on a submerged circular cylinder with those obtained by an analytical method, the wave forces acting on cylinders with special shape were analyzed in two-layers fluid for some different geometrical and physical conditions, and some important results were got which are useful for the design of the ocean engineering structures.
The characteristics of wave forces acting on a two-dimensional submerged floating body with arbitrary shape in layerd fluid are considered.On the hasis of appropriate Green functions, boundary integral equation method is used to analyze the problem of water waves scattered by the floating body.After the correctness of this method was verified by a comparison of reflection and transmission coef icients on a submerged circular cylinder with those obtained by an analytical method, the wave forces acting on cylinders with special shape were analyzed in two-layers fluid for some different geometrical and physical conditions, and some important results were got which are useful for the design of the ocean engineering structures.
2008, 30(1): 165-171.
Abstract:
2008, 30(1): 172-178.
Abstract:
Email alert
RSS