2006 Vol. 28, No. 6
Display Method:
2006, 28(6): 1-4.
Abstract:
The concept of wave-induced 2-dimentional radiation stress firstly proposed by Longuet-Higgins is extended to 3-dimentional radiation stress by taking the earth rotation into account.The mathematical expression of wave radiation stress on the unitarea of water column is derived when considering the earth rotation.The results in this paperwould play a substantial role in the study of wave-driven circulations.
The concept of wave-induced 2-dimentional radiation stress firstly proposed by Longuet-Higgins is extended to 3-dimentional radiation stress by taking the earth rotation into account.The mathematical expression of wave radiation stress on the unitarea of water column is derived when considering the earth rotation.The results in this paperwould play a substantial role in the study of wave-driven circulations.
2006, 28(6): 5-11.
Abstract:
The salinity variability on the interannual time-scale is analyzed using SODA data by EOF statistical method.The results show that there is high correlation coefficient between interannual variation in the sub-surface salinity and ENSO.The signatures have a pan-longit udinal "seesaw" feature.The factors including zonal advection,meridional advection,vertical movement and fresh water flux anomalies were analyzed.The difference among these factors,which play important roles for surface and sub-surface salinity variations,was investigated.It was shown that the zonal advection anomalyis a more important factor in the surface but the vertical movement anomaly for the sub-surface regarding salinity variability on the interannual time-scale.
The salinity variability on the interannual time-scale is analyzed using SODA data by EOF statistical method.The results show that there is high correlation coefficient between interannual variation in the sub-surface salinity and ENSO.The signatures have a pan-longit udinal "seesaw" feature.The factors including zonal advection,meridional advection,vertical movement and fresh water flux anomalies were analyzed.The difference among these factors,which play important roles for surface and sub-surface salinity variations,was investigated.It was shown that the zonal advection anomalyis a more important factor in the surface but the vertical movement anomaly for the sub-surface regarding salinity variability on the interannual time-scale.
2006, 28(6): 12-20.
Abstract:
By using M M5V3.5 mesoscale model,at orrential rain event caused by mesoscale depression over Liaodong Peninsula on 3 August 2004 was successfully simulated.Numerical experiment compared the influence of Bohai Sea,desert,city and Liao dong Peninsula on surface temperature,humidity,horizontal velocity at different levels and vertical velocity,and investigated the effects of different underlying surface in the local thermal and dynamical structure of the PBL and corresponding circulation.Therefore,it revealed that Bohai Sea and Liaodong Peninsula topo graphy increased the rainfall remarkably.Diagnostic analysis of moist potential vorticity showed that the torrential rain occurred in strong convective instability and baroclinic instability conditions.Changing the underlying surface and lowering the terrainaltitude weakened the instability of low troposphere and resulted in the decrease of rainfall.
By using M M5V3.5 mesoscale model,at orrential rain event caused by mesoscale depression over Liaodong Peninsula on 3 August 2004 was successfully simulated.Numerical experiment compared the influence of Bohai Sea,desert,city and Liao dong Peninsula on surface temperature,humidity,horizontal velocity at different levels and vertical velocity,and investigated the effects of different underlying surface in the local thermal and dynamical structure of the PBL and corresponding circulation.Therefore,it revealed that Bohai Sea and Liaodong Peninsula topo graphy increased the rainfall remarkably.Diagnostic analysis of moist potential vorticity showed that the torrential rain occurred in strong convective instability and baroclinic instability conditions.Changing the underlying surface and lowering the terrainaltitude weakened the instability of low troposphere and resulted in the decrease of rainfall.
2006, 28(6): 21-31.
Abstract:
A NPZD type of ecological model is established to reflect the biochemical process,and further coupled to a primitive equation ocean model,an irradiation model as well as ariver discharge model to reproduce ecosystem dynamics in the Bohai Sea.Modeled primary production shows reasonable consistency with observations quantitatively and qualitatively;in addition,f-ratio is examined in detail in the first time,which is also within the range reported in other studies and reveals some meaning fulinsight into the relative contributions of am monium and nitrate to the growth of phyt oplankt on in the Bohai Sea.
A NPZD type of ecological model is established to reflect the biochemical process,and further coupled to a primitive equation ocean model,an irradiation model as well as ariver discharge model to reproduce ecosystem dynamics in the Bohai Sea.Modeled primary production shows reasonable consistency with observations quantitatively and qualitatively;in addition,f-ratio is examined in detail in the first time,which is also within the range reported in other studies and reveals some meaning fulinsight into the relative contributions of am monium and nitrate to the growth of phyt oplankt on in the Bohai Sea.
2006, 28(6): 32-38.
Abstract:
The problem of secondarily-deriving the columnar aerosol grain density from a satellite-retrieved aerosol optical thickness is discussed.It is feasible to retrieve the columnar aerosol grain density with the multi-wavelength aerosol optical thickness.The reliability of the multi-wavelength aerosol optical thickness directly affects the retrieved columnar aerosol grain density.The aerosol grain-size extinction weighting coefficient is proposed and the variety of the grain-size extinction weighting coefficient with the particle radius indicates that the retrieval of the aerosol columnar grain distribution in an accumulation mode and a coarse mode is believable.Lastly,using the Monte-Carlo simulation method,the columnar aerosol grain density in the accumulation mode and the coarse mode was extracted from the Sea WiFS-retrieved aerosol optical thickness over the China seas in 2002.The results show that the columnar aerosol grain density in the accumulation mode is higher two or three levels than that in the coarse mode,and their dist ribution has the similar trend over the China seas.The columnar aerosol grain density over the coast is always higher than over the ocean.It is the highest in spring,especialy over the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea.
The problem of secondarily-deriving the columnar aerosol grain density from a satellite-retrieved aerosol optical thickness is discussed.It is feasible to retrieve the columnar aerosol grain density with the multi-wavelength aerosol optical thickness.The reliability of the multi-wavelength aerosol optical thickness directly affects the retrieved columnar aerosol grain density.The aerosol grain-size extinction weighting coefficient is proposed and the variety of the grain-size extinction weighting coefficient with the particle radius indicates that the retrieval of the aerosol columnar grain distribution in an accumulation mode and a coarse mode is believable.Lastly,using the Monte-Carlo simulation method,the columnar aerosol grain density in the accumulation mode and the coarse mode was extracted from the Sea WiFS-retrieved aerosol optical thickness over the China seas in 2002.The results show that the columnar aerosol grain density in the accumulation mode is higher two or three levels than that in the coarse mode,and their dist ribution has the similar trend over the China seas.The columnar aerosol grain density over the coast is always higher than over the ocean.It is the highest in spring,especialy over the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea.
2006, 28(6): 39-43.
Abstract:
To study the changes in ionic concent rations and characteristics of isotopic fractionation during gas hydrates for mation through experimental simulation,an experimental flow is designed.With the experimental data,factors affecting the experimental results,including temperature,pressure,vibration and filtertype,are in turndiscussed.At the end,an optimal experimental condition is proposed.
To study the changes in ionic concent rations and characteristics of isotopic fractionation during gas hydrates for mation through experimental simulation,an experimental flow is designed.With the experimental data,factors affecting the experimental results,including temperature,pressure,vibration and filtertype,are in turndiscussed.At the end,an optimal experimental condition is proposed.
2006, 28(6): 44-52.
Abstract:
The abyssal basin of the South China Sea(southwestern Nansha Trough),one of the most productive areas of the southern South China Sea,is a typical semi-deep sea area and forms the transition from the shoal water zone to the abyssal zone.In order to underst and the roles and distributions of nitrogen in the biogeochemical cycling in this area,the quantities of various nitrogen forms and total nitrogen content(TN) in surface sediments were experimentally quantified during a cruise in April-May 1999.The quantities of various nitrogen forms in surface sediments of the study area were different:nitrogen in ion exchangeable form(IEF-N) 11.4~35.8μg/g,nitrogen in weak acid extractable form(WAEF-N) 4.4~23.1μg/g,nitrogen in strongal kali extractable form(SAEF-N) 10.4~29.3μg/g and nitr ogen in strong oxidation extractable form(SOEF-N) 15.4~218.3μg/g.The distribution characteristics of the various nitrogen forms(except SAEF-N) and T N were to some extent similar with the relatively low nitrogen contents observed on the Kalimant an continental slope(KCS) in the east and Nansha oceanic plateau(NOP) in the west of the study area,thus for ming high values in the trough area.It was controlled by organic carbon contents(OC) and carbonate contents(CaCO3) in sediments as well as by the sediment grainsize.Four forms of extract able nitrogen in surface sediments could be released and participated in biogeochemical recycling.When all the four forms of extractable nitrogen were released to take part in recycling,IEF-N and SOEF-N were the predominant contributors to phytoplankt on and primary productivity in water column.
The abyssal basin of the South China Sea(southwestern Nansha Trough),one of the most productive areas of the southern South China Sea,is a typical semi-deep sea area and forms the transition from the shoal water zone to the abyssal zone.In order to underst and the roles and distributions of nitrogen in the biogeochemical cycling in this area,the quantities of various nitrogen forms and total nitrogen content(TN) in surface sediments were experimentally quantified during a cruise in April-May 1999.The quantities of various nitrogen forms in surface sediments of the study area were different:nitrogen in ion exchangeable form(IEF-N) 11.4~35.8μg/g,nitrogen in weak acid extractable form(WAEF-N) 4.4~23.1μg/g,nitrogen in strongal kali extractable form(SAEF-N) 10.4~29.3μg/g and nitr ogen in strong oxidation extractable form(SOEF-N) 15.4~218.3μg/g.The distribution characteristics of the various nitrogen forms(except SAEF-N) and T N were to some extent similar with the relatively low nitrogen contents observed on the Kalimant an continental slope(KCS) in the east and Nansha oceanic plateau(NOP) in the west of the study area,thus for ming high values in the trough area.It was controlled by organic carbon contents(OC) and carbonate contents(CaCO3) in sediments as well as by the sediment grainsize.Four forms of extract able nitrogen in surface sediments could be released and participated in biogeochemical recycling.When all the four forms of extractable nitrogen were released to take part in recycling,IEF-N and SOEF-N were the predominant contributors to phytoplankt on and primary productivity in water column.
2006, 28(6): 53-60.
Abstract:
The tube model to simulate a normal black smoker system has been built.Darcy flow equation,Ergun equation and turbulent pipe flow equation are respectively used to describe the dynamic processes of different key parts in a hydrothermal circulation system.Meanwhile,a convection-diffuse equation for a temperature field is used to describe the exchange of heatenergy and temperature variety.Combining those equations,using efficient mathematic algorithms and program ming in Mat lab language,the variation curves of temperature,pressure and mass fluid rate by the time are achieved.Then,developing hot and pressure balances in the black smoker system are analyzed.On the basis of the model of normal black smoker system,a megaplume formation model is further built.As an instance,the hydrothermal venting plume on the Juande Fuca Ridge has been simulated and the simulated results are fairly consistent with Bakers imputed data on surveying.On the basis of the above productive simulations,a series of conditions for megaplumes for mation and the effect of main parameters on the megaplume forming period,temperature and maximum mass fluid rate were systemly discussed.Main conclusions are as follows:The normal black smoker system can evolve to a megaplume eruption.In fact,hydrothermal discharge pass way can be blocked up with hydrothermal sediments during black smoker period,leading to hydrot hermal fluid accumulating,temperature rising and the buoyancy pressure increasing under the seafloor.After 2~3 a,the megaplume hydrothermal eruption will occurif the buoyancy pressure increase is high enough to break through the blockage.At the same time,the highest temperature of eruption fluid may be high up to 413℃,fairly consisting with the surveyed data,and the temperature of the heat source must exceed 500℃.If the temperature of the heat source increases higher 500℃,the critical period for the megaplumes formation can be obviously curtailed to be less than 1 a,while the critical tem perature and the maximum mass fluid rate are nearly invariable.As the permeability increases,the maximum mass fluid rate increases gradually close to a steady value.
The tube model to simulate a normal black smoker system has been built.Darcy flow equation,Ergun equation and turbulent pipe flow equation are respectively used to describe the dynamic processes of different key parts in a hydrothermal circulation system.Meanwhile,a convection-diffuse equation for a temperature field is used to describe the exchange of heatenergy and temperature variety.Combining those equations,using efficient mathematic algorithms and program ming in Mat lab language,the variation curves of temperature,pressure and mass fluid rate by the time are achieved.Then,developing hot and pressure balances in the black smoker system are analyzed.On the basis of the model of normal black smoker system,a megaplume formation model is further built.As an instance,the hydrothermal venting plume on the Juande Fuca Ridge has been simulated and the simulated results are fairly consistent with Bakers imputed data on surveying.On the basis of the above productive simulations,a series of conditions for megaplumes for mation and the effect of main parameters on the megaplume forming period,temperature and maximum mass fluid rate were systemly discussed.Main conclusions are as follows:The normal black smoker system can evolve to a megaplume eruption.In fact,hydrothermal discharge pass way can be blocked up with hydrothermal sediments during black smoker period,leading to hydrot hermal fluid accumulating,temperature rising and the buoyancy pressure increasing under the seafloor.After 2~3 a,the megaplume hydrothermal eruption will occurif the buoyancy pressure increase is high enough to break through the blockage.At the same time,the highest temperature of eruption fluid may be high up to 413℃,fairly consisting with the surveyed data,and the temperature of the heat source must exceed 500℃.If the temperature of the heat source increases higher 500℃,the critical period for the megaplumes formation can be obviously curtailed to be less than 1 a,while the critical tem perature and the maximum mass fluid rate are nearly invariable.As the permeability increases,the maximum mass fluid rate increases gradually close to a steady value.
2006, 28(6): 61-71.
Abstract:
Surface sediments from the Chukchi Sea and adjacent arctic deep sea were invest igated for organic carbon and nitrogen isotopes and biogenicopal.The results indicate that the dist ributions of marine-derived and terrigenous organic materials are mainly controlled by marine circulation and seawater nutrient structure in the region.Owing to the influence of the nutrient-rich branch of the Pacific waters entering from the Bering Strait,the central-west Chukchi Sea and the Chukchi Rise have high productivity insur-face water,and high contents of marine-derived or ganic material and biogenic SiO2 in surface sediments.The nearshore of fnor thwestern Alaska has less nutrient-rich seawater,so it has decreasing surface water productivity and enhancing signals of terrigenous organic δ13C and δ15N contents in sediments.There are relatively long duration of ice cover and the least nutrient-rich seawater in the Chukchi Plateau and the Canada Basin in the northeast and the north of the study area,so there are the lowest productivity in sur-face water and the highest terrigenous organic component in surface sediments;the relatively large contri-bution of terrigenous organic material comes from the Mackenzie River and the northern Alaska due to the transport of the clockwise Beaufortgyre.Because the subarctic Pacific waters are charged into the central basin of the Arctic Ocean through the Chukchi Sea,the nutrient pool in the study area can be considered as a typical open system,the level of nutrient utilization is contrary to nutrient supply and marine productivity formed in seawater.
Surface sediments from the Chukchi Sea and adjacent arctic deep sea were invest igated for organic carbon and nitrogen isotopes and biogenicopal.The results indicate that the dist ributions of marine-derived and terrigenous organic materials are mainly controlled by marine circulation and seawater nutrient structure in the region.Owing to the influence of the nutrient-rich branch of the Pacific waters entering from the Bering Strait,the central-west Chukchi Sea and the Chukchi Rise have high productivity insur-face water,and high contents of marine-derived or ganic material and biogenic SiO2 in surface sediments.The nearshore of fnor thwestern Alaska has less nutrient-rich seawater,so it has decreasing surface water productivity and enhancing signals of terrigenous organic δ13C and δ15N contents in sediments.There are relatively long duration of ice cover and the least nutrient-rich seawater in the Chukchi Plateau and the Canada Basin in the northeast and the north of the study area,so there are the lowest productivity in sur-face water and the highest terrigenous organic component in surface sediments;the relatively large contri-bution of terrigenous organic material comes from the Mackenzie River and the northern Alaska due to the transport of the clockwise Beaufortgyre.Because the subarctic Pacific waters are charged into the central basin of the Arctic Ocean through the Chukchi Sea,the nutrient pool in the study area can be considered as a typical open system,the level of nutrient utilization is contrary to nutrient supply and marine productivity formed in seawater.
2006, 28(6): 72-77.
Abstract:
The sequence boundary and maximum flooding surface of the postglacial transgressive cycle in the Zhujiang River Delt a have been identified by 283 and 269 cores,respectively.On the basis of these data,the sediment amounts of postg lacial,transgressive and regressive periods in the Zhujiang River Delt a have been worked out.The results show that the sediment amounts of post glacial,transgressive and regressive periods are 114.09,36.70 and 77.39 Gt,respectively.The sediment amounts of regressive period are more than those of the transg ressive period.If the annually averaged silting sediments around the river mouth were 84% of the annually averaged sediment discharge of the Zhujiang River,the annually averaged sediment discharges during the postglacial period and regressive phases would have been 9.91 and 15.35 Mt,respectively.
The sequence boundary and maximum flooding surface of the postglacial transgressive cycle in the Zhujiang River Delt a have been identified by 283 and 269 cores,respectively.On the basis of these data,the sediment amounts of postg lacial,transgressive and regressive periods in the Zhujiang River Delt a have been worked out.The results show that the sediment amounts of post glacial,transgressive and regressive periods are 114.09,36.70 and 77.39 Gt,respectively.The sediment amounts of regressive period are more than those of the transg ressive period.If the annually averaged silting sediments around the river mouth were 84% of the annually averaged sediment discharge of the Zhujiang River,the annually averaged sediment discharges during the postglacial period and regressive phases would have been 9.91 and 15.35 Mt,respectively.
2006, 28(6): 78-85.
Abstract:
Three column sections have been collected from Shanggang,Yancheng City,Jiangsu Province to analyse the storm surge frequency during the warm stage in Middle Holocene.The results of lithology,datingage by l4C,fo raminifer a assem blages,calcareous nannofossils and palynolo gical features indicate that the deposits were tidal flat deposits formed in the warm period of Middle Holocene and it was warmer at that time than today.According to the periodiciy of tide deposits,the sand layers being characterized by every 15 cm or so in the silt sections are analyzed,and the result shows it is seasonal tide depo sits periodicity.On the basis of these resear ches,the characteristics of storms recorded in the sections are observed and it shows that the relatively stronger storm surge frequency is once every 2~4 a,yet the estimated result on the data of the highest water level value of every year in the Liangduo gate of Yancheng by the way of Gumbel curve fitindicates that the modern storm surge with equivalent int ensity occurs once every 12 a.So the storm surge frequency in the warm period in Middle Holocene is higher than that of today and it can been speculated on that the frequency will increase with global warming.
Three column sections have been collected from Shanggang,Yancheng City,Jiangsu Province to analyse the storm surge frequency during the warm stage in Middle Holocene.The results of lithology,datingage by l4C,fo raminifer a assem blages,calcareous nannofossils and palynolo gical features indicate that the deposits were tidal flat deposits formed in the warm period of Middle Holocene and it was warmer at that time than today.According to the periodiciy of tide deposits,the sand layers being characterized by every 15 cm or so in the silt sections are analyzed,and the result shows it is seasonal tide depo sits periodicity.On the basis of these resear ches,the characteristics of storms recorded in the sections are observed and it shows that the relatively stronger storm surge frequency is once every 2~4 a,yet the estimated result on the data of the highest water level value of every year in the Liangduo gate of Yancheng by the way of Gumbel curve fitindicates that the modern storm surge with equivalent int ensity occurs once every 12 a.So the storm surge frequency in the warm period in Middle Holocene is higher than that of today and it can been speculated on that the frequency will increase with global warming.
2006, 28(6): 86-93.
Abstract:
A morphodynamic equilibrium associated with tidal channels,a common feature on continental shelves or in shallow marine environments,plays an important role in the coastal engineering.The mophodynamic equilibrium and the length of time required to reach equilibrium for tidal channels floored with sandy sediments were modeled on the basis of a one-dimensional process model incorporating Bagnoldps formula for a bedload transport rate(as modified by Hardisty) and the mass conservation equation,taking into account the effect of bed slope.It is assumed that tides are predom inant hydrodynamic forcing and the seafloor is flat at the initial stage with a uniform grain-size.Numerical experiments have been carried out to investigate the impact of the various controlling factors on equilibrium,including flow field characteristics,currentvelocities,durations of flood and ebbtides,and the grain-size of sediment.The results show that on a time scale of 100 a equilibrium may be reached.There exist negative feedback mechanisms between flow and bathymetric changes.Any mophodynamic equilibrium state can be related to a combined condition of flow field characteristics which control the eventural equilibrium configuration of bed profile,sediment grain-size,current velocity and flood or ebbduration.Maximum scour depths associated with equilibrium are sensitive to the current velocity but insensitive to the grain-size or the flood/ebb duration.However,the time span required for the channel to reach the morpho dynamic equilibrium is sensitive to the grain-size and the flood/ebb duration,in addition to current velocity.
A morphodynamic equilibrium associated with tidal channels,a common feature on continental shelves or in shallow marine environments,plays an important role in the coastal engineering.The mophodynamic equilibrium and the length of time required to reach equilibrium for tidal channels floored with sandy sediments were modeled on the basis of a one-dimensional process model incorporating Bagnoldps formula for a bedload transport rate(as modified by Hardisty) and the mass conservation equation,taking into account the effect of bed slope.It is assumed that tides are predom inant hydrodynamic forcing and the seafloor is flat at the initial stage with a uniform grain-size.Numerical experiments have been carried out to investigate the impact of the various controlling factors on equilibrium,including flow field characteristics,currentvelocities,durations of flood and ebbtides,and the grain-size of sediment.The results show that on a time scale of 100 a equilibrium may be reached.There exist negative feedback mechanisms between flow and bathymetric changes.Any mophodynamic equilibrium state can be related to a combined condition of flow field characteristics which control the eventural equilibrium configuration of bed profile,sediment grain-size,current velocity and flood or ebbduration.Maximum scour depths associated with equilibrium are sensitive to the current velocity but insensitive to the grain-size or the flood/ebb duration.However,the time span required for the channel to reach the morpho dynamic equilibrium is sensitive to the grain-size and the flood/ebb duration,in addition to current velocity.
2006, 28(6): 94-99.
Abstract:
Using multi-molecular marker technology and based on morphological criteria,the genetic relationship between E.malabaricus and E.coioides was examined in the hope of resolving the long standing issue of identifying of these two species.Results showed that:(1) E.coioides and E.malabaricus should be identified as two species,the consistency of mitochondrial DNA cy to chrome b gene sequence between E.malabaricus and E.coioides is 94.4%,the genetic similarity by AFLP was 0.7539;(2) hybridization exists between E.malabaricus and E.coioides,the specific RAP D and AFLP frag ments are found to be useful in the ident ification of these two species,the genetic properties(both with exterior and inheritance) of hybrid is significantly biased to the male parents;and(3) AFLP was a potentially powerful tool in constructing genetic linkage map for these two groupers.
Using multi-molecular marker technology and based on morphological criteria,the genetic relationship between E.malabaricus and E.coioides was examined in the hope of resolving the long standing issue of identifying of these two species.Results showed that:(1) E.coioides and E.malabaricus should be identified as two species,the consistency of mitochondrial DNA cy to chrome b gene sequence between E.malabaricus and E.coioides is 94.4%,the genetic similarity by AFLP was 0.7539;(2) hybridization exists between E.malabaricus and E.coioides,the specific RAP D and AFLP frag ments are found to be useful in the ident ification of these two species,the genetic properties(both with exterior and inheritance) of hybrid is significantly biased to the male parents;and(3) AFLP was a potentially powerful tool in constructing genetic linkage map for these two groupers.
2006, 28(6): 100-105.
Abstract:
Characteristics of adhesion of Vibrio alginoly ticus to the skin mucus of Pseudosci aena crocea had been investig at ed by isotope tracer.The results showed that:adhesion of V.alginoly ticus was inhibited evidently by starvation,heat treatment,antibody,protease,periodic acid;bacterial adhesion was influenced by 8 carbohy drates,among them,glucose,fructose,mannose could enhance the adhesion of V.alginoly ticus;V.alginoly ticus has a strong affinity to higher molecular mass component of skin mucus.The results indicated that V.alginoly ticus adhered to the skin mucus of P.crocea by specific adhesion,this adhesion had closely relation to superficial protein,saccharide and activity of the bacteria as well as the chemical component of skin mucus.
Characteristics of adhesion of Vibrio alginoly ticus to the skin mucus of Pseudosci aena crocea had been investig at ed by isotope tracer.The results showed that:adhesion of V.alginoly ticus was inhibited evidently by starvation,heat treatment,antibody,protease,periodic acid;bacterial adhesion was influenced by 8 carbohy drates,among them,glucose,fructose,mannose could enhance the adhesion of V.alginoly ticus;V.alginoly ticus has a strong affinity to higher molecular mass component of skin mucus.The results indicated that V.alginoly ticus adhered to the skin mucus of P.crocea by specific adhesion,this adhesion had closely relation to superficial protein,saccharide and activity of the bacteria as well as the chemical component of skin mucus.
2006, 28(6): 106-111.
Abstract:
On the basis of investigation data of 12 cruises from December 1977 to November 1978 in waters of southern Huanghai Sea and East China Sea(28~34°N,120°30'~127°00'E).Dynamics of the temporal and spacious quantitative distribution of Chaetognatha and their relations to the environmental factors were analyzed.As results,higher density of Chaetognatha occurs from June to September and the highest in July,and it was low from January to April,especialy the lowest in April in this region,in which Sagitta enflata,S.crassa,S.nagae and S.bedoti were dominant species.The Chaetognatg a density in the northern Changjiang Riverestuary was higher than in the southern Chang jiang River estuary.High density occurred in all seasons except for summer in southern Huanghai Sea,when it generally occurred in mixing waters from various sources,especially in the front of Chang jiang River brackish water,coastal currents,high temperature and high salinity Kuroshio and Taiwan warm water currents and these species gave a certain indication of the wax and wan movement of different water systems in the study area.
On the basis of investigation data of 12 cruises from December 1977 to November 1978 in waters of southern Huanghai Sea and East China Sea(28~34°N,120°30'~127°00'E).Dynamics of the temporal and spacious quantitative distribution of Chaetognatha and their relations to the environmental factors were analyzed.As results,higher density of Chaetognatha occurs from June to September and the highest in July,and it was low from January to April,especialy the lowest in April in this region,in which Sagitta enflata,S.crassa,S.nagae and S.bedoti were dominant species.The Chaetognatg a density in the northern Changjiang Riverestuary was higher than in the southern Chang jiang River estuary.High density occurred in all seasons except for summer in southern Huanghai Sea,when it generally occurred in mixing waters from various sources,especially in the front of Chang jiang River brackish water,coastal currents,high temperature and high salinity Kuroshio and Taiwan warm water currents and these species gave a certain indication of the wax and wan movement of different water systems in the study area.
2006, 28(6): 112-118.
Abstract:
Samples of medusae were collected from the 37 stations of the Changjiang River Estuary(28°0.00'~32°19.60'N,121°6.52'~124°0.00'E) during 14~16 June 2003.In all,164 qualitative and quantitative samples of the plankt on are analyzed,altogether 49 species of medusae are idenlified(see Appendix A).Two new species,i.e.,Boug ainvillia lamellata n.sp.and Malagazzia monocanalis n.sp.as well as two new records,i.e.,Bougainvillia aurantiaca Bouillon,1980 and Solmaris rhodoloma(Brandt,1838) are described.In addition,Bongainvillia muscus(Allman,1863) (equaling B.r amosa(van Beneden,1844) ) is revised.All type specimens are deposited in the Depart ment of Oceanography,Xiamen University.
Samples of medusae were collected from the 37 stations of the Changjiang River Estuary(28°0.00'~32°19.60'N,121°6.52'~124°0.00'E) during 14~16 June 2003.In all,164 qualitative and quantitative samples of the plankt on are analyzed,altogether 49 species of medusae are idenlified(see Appendix A).Two new species,i.e.,Boug ainvillia lamellata n.sp.and Malagazzia monocanalis n.sp.as well as two new records,i.e.,Bougainvillia aurantiaca Bouillon,1980 and Solmaris rhodoloma(Brandt,1838) are described.In addition,Bongainvillia muscus(Allman,1863) (equaling B.r amosa(van Beneden,1844) ) is revised.All type specimens are deposited in the Depart ment of Oceanography,Xiamen University.
2006, 28(6): 119-126.
Abstract:
The RAPD(randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) technology was applied to studying the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of four grouper species,including two raised population(Epinep helusmalabaricus from Hainan,China and E.coioides from Guangdong,China) and two wild populations(E.firio and E.merracaptured from the South China Sea.25 random primers were used to be analyzed,and the genetic relationship of these grouper species was analyzed by UPGMA.The results indicated that:first,the percentages of polymorphic loci of the wild populations of E.frio and E.merra were 58.07% and 55.65%,and the mean heterozyg ositys of the wild populations of E.frio and E.merra were 0.1793 and 0.1622,respectively,the level of genetic diversity of them was high and the genetic status was good.However,that of the raised populations of E.malabaricus and E.coioides was low.The percent ages of polymor phicloci were 49.70% and 40.38%,and the mean heterozygositys were 0.1349 and 0.1135 respectively,which indicated the level of genetic diversity of the raised grouper populations was declined,and it should be taken some remedial measures.Second,the interspecies genetic distance and clustering analysis showed that:among four grouper species,the genetic distance between E.malabaricus and E.coioides was minimum(0.2570),E.frio and E.merra took second palace(0.5146),E.coioides and E.firio was maximum(0.5810).Finally,among the fragments generated by 8 primers,some specific fragments which can be used to identify these groupers,were found.
The RAPD(randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) technology was applied to studying the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of four grouper species,including two raised population(Epinep helusmalabaricus from Hainan,China and E.coioides from Guangdong,China) and two wild populations(E.firio and E.merracaptured from the South China Sea.25 random primers were used to be analyzed,and the genetic relationship of these grouper species was analyzed by UPGMA.The results indicated that:first,the percentages of polymorphic loci of the wild populations of E.frio and E.merra were 58.07% and 55.65%,and the mean heterozyg ositys of the wild populations of E.frio and E.merra were 0.1793 and 0.1622,respectively,the level of genetic diversity of them was high and the genetic status was good.However,that of the raised populations of E.malabaricus and E.coioides was low.The percent ages of polymor phicloci were 49.70% and 40.38%,and the mean heterozygositys were 0.1349 and 0.1135 respectively,which indicated the level of genetic diversity of the raised grouper populations was declined,and it should be taken some remedial measures.Second,the interspecies genetic distance and clustering analysis showed that:among four grouper species,the genetic distance between E.malabaricus and E.coioides was minimum(0.2570),E.frio and E.merra took second palace(0.5146),E.coioides and E.firio was maximum(0.5810).Finally,among the fragments generated by 8 primers,some specific fragments which can be used to identify these groupers,were found.
2006, 28(6): 127-133.
Abstract:
Two groups of oligonucleotide probes targeted respectively large subunit ribosomal RNA and small subunit ribosomal RNA of Prorocentrum minimum,and the eight species of harmful algae were in cluded to decide the specificity of the probes.In order to get better result,some experiment conditions such as the time of lysating the algae cells with ultrasonic and the time digesting the DNA/RNA hybrids with nuclease S1.The results showed that the probes LSU targeted large subunit ribosomal RNA were specific to Porocentrum minimum,the colorint ensity is positively linear related to the cellular number,and the detection limitis low to 13 cells.Although the probes SSU targeted the small subunit ribosomal RNA were specific to most harmful algae,they seriously cross reacted with Prorocentr umdentatum due to the high homology between the small subunit ribosomal RNA of P.minimum and P.dentatum.Such,the technology is am enable to automation and can be used to monitor the low density of P.minimum in flied sample in long-term program.
Two groups of oligonucleotide probes targeted respectively large subunit ribosomal RNA and small subunit ribosomal RNA of Prorocentrum minimum,and the eight species of harmful algae were in cluded to decide the specificity of the probes.In order to get better result,some experiment conditions such as the time of lysating the algae cells with ultrasonic and the time digesting the DNA/RNA hybrids with nuclease S1.The results showed that the probes LSU targeted large subunit ribosomal RNA were specific to Porocentrum minimum,the colorint ensity is positively linear related to the cellular number,and the detection limitis low to 13 cells.Although the probes SSU targeted the small subunit ribosomal RNA were specific to most harmful algae,they seriously cross reacted with Prorocentr umdentatum due to the high homology between the small subunit ribosomal RNA of P.minimum and P.dentatum.Such,the technology is am enable to automation and can be used to monitor the low density of P.minimum in flied sample in long-term program.
2006, 28(6): 134-138.
Abstract:
On the basis of biological data obtained from the speciemens of Octopus tankahkeei from the Xiangshan Bay,Zhejiang Province in China in 2004,the distribution,variant regularity and relationship with body character indexes of individual fecundity were studied.the results were summarized as follows:The individual absolute fecundity r and relative fecundity r/L,r/W,r/V are all distributed normal y.The individual absolute fecundity r and relative fecundity r/W can be expressed in power functions by the major body character indexes except the D,W G and W F,which are S-shaped,linearly and quadraticly correlative to the absolute fecundity r.the relative fecundity r/W are cubticly correlative to the character indexes by WL and WG.while the individual relative fecundity r/V has compound regression relationship with these body character indexes,but the individual relative fecundity r/L has no significant relationship with these indexes.The optimun multiple regression of the individual fecundity(r,r/W,r/V) with the body character indexes are described,they show thatr is mainly dependent on the size of DK.
On the basis of biological data obtained from the speciemens of Octopus tankahkeei from the Xiangshan Bay,Zhejiang Province in China in 2004,the distribution,variant regularity and relationship with body character indexes of individual fecundity were studied.the results were summarized as follows:The individual absolute fecundity r and relative fecundity r/L,r/W,r/V are all distributed normal y.The individual absolute fecundity r and relative fecundity r/W can be expressed in power functions by the major body character indexes except the D,W G and W F,which are S-shaped,linearly and quadraticly correlative to the absolute fecundity r.the relative fecundity r/W are cubticly correlative to the character indexes by WL and WG.while the individual relative fecundity r/V has compound regression relationship with these body character indexes,but the individual relative fecundity r/L has no significant relationship with these indexes.The optimun multiple regression of the individual fecundity(r,r/W,r/V) with the body character indexes are described,they show thatr is mainly dependent on the size of DK.
2006, 28(6): 139-143.
Abstract:
The ecological energetic parameters,such as food consumption(C),growth(G) and ecological conversion efficiency(E),of two sandlances group fed with different granularity Artemis salina were determined by gastric content method in controlled conditions of laboratory.The results indicated that:The gastric evacuation rate of small juvenile Artemis salina feeding group was more than that of big adult Artemis salina feeding group,whose rates were 0.2136 and 0.1887 respectively.Those parameters such as C,G and E of the group fed with small granularity Artemis salina are 22.53 g/(100 g·d) (WW) or 60.14kJ/(100 g·d),3.63g/(100 g·d) (WW) or 14.86 kJ/(100 g·d),16.12%(WW) or 24.70%(kJ) ;those of the group fed with big granularity Artem is salina are 27.54 g/(100 g·d) (WW) o r 51.69 kJ/(100 g·d),4.77 g/(100 g·d) (WW) or 19.50 kJ/(100 g·d),17.31%(WW) or 37.69%(kJ).The food comsumption in wet mass of big adult Artemis salina feeding group was more than that of small juvenile Artem is salina feeding group,and that in energy t he result s rever sed.It w as show n t hat big adult A rt emi s sal i na feeding group grown better than small juvenile Artemis salina feeding group.Not only in wet mass but also in energy,growth and ecological conversion efficiency of big adult Artemis salina feeding group were better than that of small juvenile Artemis salina feeding group.
The ecological energetic parameters,such as food consumption(C),growth(G) and ecological conversion efficiency(E),of two sandlances group fed with different granularity Artemis salina were determined by gastric content method in controlled conditions of laboratory.The results indicated that:The gastric evacuation rate of small juvenile Artemis salina feeding group was more than that of big adult Artemis salina feeding group,whose rates were 0.2136 and 0.1887 respectively.Those parameters such as C,G and E of the group fed with small granularity Artemis salina are 22.53 g/(100 g·d) (WW) or 60.14kJ/(100 g·d),3.63g/(100 g·d) (WW) or 14.86 kJ/(100 g·d),16.12%(WW) or 24.70%(kJ) ;those of the group fed with big granularity Artem is salina are 27.54 g/(100 g·d) (WW) o r 51.69 kJ/(100 g·d),4.77 g/(100 g·d) (WW) or 19.50 kJ/(100 g·d),17.31%(WW) or 37.69%(kJ).The food comsumption in wet mass of big adult Artemis salina feeding group was more than that of small juvenile Artem is salina feeding group,and that in energy t he result s rever sed.It w as show n t hat big adult A rt emi s sal i na feeding group grown better than small juvenile Artemis salina feeding group.Not only in wet mass but also in energy,growth and ecological conversion efficiency of big adult Artemis salina feeding group were better than that of small juvenile Artemis salina feeding group.
2006, 28(6): 144-150.
Abstract:
The effects of longshore currents,Stokes mass transport by waves,large scale eddies and the instability of longshore currents on the transport of pollutant in a surfzone are discussed based on the experimental results.The physical experiments were conducted on the two plane beaches with the slope 1:100 and 1:40.The movements of pollutant(ink for the experiment) being injected into the water through point sources are recorded by a CCD camera,the fluid particle velocities and wave surface elevations were measured simultaneously.The experiment shows that the transport of pollutant is driven by Stokes mass transport outside the surfzone and by the longshore currents inside the surfzone,it also is affected strongly by the large-scale eddies and the instability of longshore currents.
The effects of longshore currents,Stokes mass transport by waves,large scale eddies and the instability of longshore currents on the transport of pollutant in a surfzone are discussed based on the experimental results.The physical experiments were conducted on the two plane beaches with the slope 1:100 and 1:40.The movements of pollutant(ink for the experiment) being injected into the water through point sources are recorded by a CCD camera,the fluid particle velocities and wave surface elevations were measured simultaneously.The experiment shows that the transport of pollutant is driven by Stokes mass transport outside the surfzone and by the longshore currents inside the surfzone,it also is affected strongly by the large-scale eddies and the instability of longshore currents.
2006, 28(6): 151-157.
Abstract:
Employing the fundamental principle of linear filter model,an improved simulation method is developed based on a high-order filter model for randomly undulatory sea surface.By using Piersonps semiempirical ocean wave spectrum and a six-order filter model,the numerical results for the randomly undulatory sea surface which is dependent on the wind speed are obtained.Some statistical properties of numerical results,such as effective wave height and power spectral density,are discussed in detail and well compared with available data.It shows that the simulation method by the high-order filter model is more accurate than that by telower-order filter model.
Employing the fundamental principle of linear filter model,an improved simulation method is developed based on a high-order filter model for randomly undulatory sea surface.By using Piersonps semiempirical ocean wave spectrum and a six-order filter model,the numerical results for the randomly undulatory sea surface which is dependent on the wind speed are obtained.Some statistical properties of numerical results,such as effective wave height and power spectral density,are discussed in detail and well compared with available data.It shows that the simulation method by the high-order filter model is more accurate than that by telower-order filter model.
2006, 28(6): 158-163.
Abstract:
2006, 28(6): 164-168.
Abstract:
2006, 28(6): 169-175.
Abstract:
2006, 28(6): 176-178.
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