2005 Vol. 27, No. 5
Display Method:
2005, 27(5): 1-8.
Abstract:
The 40 years SST data of eight hydrological observation stations(Yinshuichuan,Shengshan,Dachen,Nanji,Beishuang,Pingtan,Xiamen,and Dongshan) in the coastal region of the East China Sea are sumarised and analisized.The research results show that the SST is mainly controlled by solar radiation,secondly cont rolled by local geography,climate and hydrolo gical conditions.The SST contribution takes on the following trend:south is higher than north.The SST has obviously annual and biannual periods.There exist various SST periodic vibrations,and there exist difference between the south main vibration and the north one.According to 40 years SST data along the East China Sea,as a whole,the SST is increasing with time,with the winter increasing range most,so the warm winter is the important factor to increasing SST.
The 40 years SST data of eight hydrological observation stations(Yinshuichuan,Shengshan,Dachen,Nanji,Beishuang,Pingtan,Xiamen,and Dongshan) in the coastal region of the East China Sea are sumarised and analisized.The research results show that the SST is mainly controlled by solar radiation,secondly cont rolled by local geography,climate and hydrolo gical conditions.The SST contribution takes on the following trend:south is higher than north.The SST has obviously annual and biannual periods.There exist various SST periodic vibrations,and there exist difference between the south main vibration and the north one.According to 40 years SST data along the East China Sea,as a whole,the SST is increasing with time,with the winter increasing range most,so the warm winter is the important factor to increasing SST.
Estimates of M2 internal tide energy fluxes in the Pacific Ocean using TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data
2005, 27(5): 9-14.
Abstract:
TOPEX/Po seidon altimeter data from October 1992 to June 2002 and Levitus(1998) are used to calculate the energy flux of M2 internal tides in the Pacific Ocean,basing on inter naltides dynamical equation.M2 internal tides,that yield energy transmission,are extracted from temporarily coherent internal tide signals in the altimeter data.The method is testified by the field measurements of ADCP current velocities in the South China Sea.The results show that satellite-derived M2 tide components agree with the field data very well.Computation results indicate that the total energy flux of M2 internal tides along the margin of Pacific Ocean is about 58.4 GW,in which 30.2 GW is from the North Pacific and 28.2 GW is from the South Pacific.However,the total energy flux of M2 internal tides from the margin of East Pacific is 17.8 GW and 40.6 GW from the margin of the West Pacific.(160°W is taken as the boundary of the East Pacific Ocean and West Pacific Ocean)
TOPEX/Po seidon altimeter data from October 1992 to June 2002 and Levitus(1998) are used to calculate the energy flux of M2 internal tides in the Pacific Ocean,basing on inter naltides dynamical equation.M2 internal tides,that yield energy transmission,are extracted from temporarily coherent internal tide signals in the altimeter data.The method is testified by the field measurements of ADCP current velocities in the South China Sea.The results show that satellite-derived M2 tide components agree with the field data very well.Computation results indicate that the total energy flux of M2 internal tides along the margin of Pacific Ocean is about 58.4 GW,in which 30.2 GW is from the North Pacific and 28.2 GW is from the South Pacific.However,the total energy flux of M2 internal tides from the margin of East Pacific is 17.8 GW and 40.6 GW from the margin of the West Pacific.(160°W is taken as the boundary of the East Pacific Ocean and West Pacific Ocean)
2005, 27(5): 15-21.
Abstract:
On the Basis of the dynamic analyses of the sea ice motion,the ice velocity is extracted from MODIS images by the MCC method for the Bohai Sea.The dependence of the ice velocity on wind and current is estimated by using regression analysis.From the sea ice motion data extracted from the MODIS and AVHRR images,it is found that the sea ice motion in the Bohai Sea is effected not only by prevailing winds but also by topographic steering,ocean currents and internal ice stresses.The extracted sea ice driftis similar to observed ice drift,and can clearly showt he sea ice drift in the Marg inal Ice Zone especially.It can compensate for the limitation of the local or single station observation.
On the Basis of the dynamic analyses of the sea ice motion,the ice velocity is extracted from MODIS images by the MCC method for the Bohai Sea.The dependence of the ice velocity on wind and current is estimated by using regression analysis.From the sea ice motion data extracted from the MODIS and AVHRR images,it is found that the sea ice motion in the Bohai Sea is effected not only by prevailing winds but also by topographic steering,ocean currents and internal ice stresses.The extracted sea ice driftis similar to observed ice drift,and can clearly showt he sea ice drift in the Marg inal Ice Zone especially.It can compensate for the limitation of the local or single station observation.
2005, 27(5): 22-29.
Abstract:
Based on the flood loss evaluation method,the storm surge risk loss evaluation model of Haikou Bay is set up in this paper,with which,the storm surge risk district of Haikou Bay is analyzed.Possible submer gedareas are also analyzed according to the maximum hightidal level,the combination of strongest storm surge and highest astrono mical tide within 100 a scale.In addition,buildings and population in the submerged regions are statistically counted.Social and economic data are also analyzed in the paper.After introducing the methods of loss rate calculation,loss rates of private property,national collective property,crop and sea farming are estimated as 30%,4%,70%,100% separately.Taking social economic data in 2001 as the baseline,in the case of maximum high tidal level within 100 a scale,the economic loss caused by the storm surge is 832 million RM B,while the loss of private property,national collective property,crop and sea farming,monetary loss of death,indirect loss respectively is 13.0%,70.0%,0.7%,0.8%,15.5%.
Based on the flood loss evaluation method,the storm surge risk loss evaluation model of Haikou Bay is set up in this paper,with which,the storm surge risk district of Haikou Bay is analyzed.Possible submer gedareas are also analyzed according to the maximum hightidal level,the combination of strongest storm surge and highest astrono mical tide within 100 a scale.In addition,buildings and population in the submerged regions are statistically counted.Social and economic data are also analyzed in the paper.After introducing the methods of loss rate calculation,loss rates of private property,national collective property,crop and sea farming are estimated as 30%,4%,70%,100% separately.Taking social economic data in 2001 as the baseline,in the case of maximum high tidal level within 100 a scale,the economic loss caused by the storm surge is 832 million RM B,while the loss of private property,national collective property,crop and sea farming,monetary loss of death,indirect loss respectively is 13.0%,70.0%,0.7%,0.8%,15.5%.
2005, 27(5): 30-37.
Abstract:
Some techniques,such as,empirical orthogonal function analysis,multivariate linear regression,wavelet analysis and discrete power spectral method,are used to study the relations between Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) and ENSO.It is found that PDO and ENSO are two dominant climatic patterns existing in Pacific SST fields.Regression analysis is applied to separate these two kind of climatic patterns.The results show that the key area of SST variability locates in mid-latitude North Pacific Ocean and the signals of PDO are obvious after the signature of ENSO is removed from Pacific SST fields,whereas the key area locates in central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean and the signals of ENSO are evident after the signature of PDO is removed.Under the latter circum stance the ENSO cycle no long appears the charact eristics of interdecadal variations.This suggests that the modulating action of PDO plays an important role in the cause of inter decadal variations of ENSO cycle.
Some techniques,such as,empirical orthogonal function analysis,multivariate linear regression,wavelet analysis and discrete power spectral method,are used to study the relations between Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) and ENSO.It is found that PDO and ENSO are two dominant climatic patterns existing in Pacific SST fields.Regression analysis is applied to separate these two kind of climatic patterns.The results show that the key area of SST variability locates in mid-latitude North Pacific Ocean and the signals of PDO are obvious after the signature of ENSO is removed from Pacific SST fields,whereas the key area locates in central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean and the signals of ENSO are evident after the signature of PDO is removed.Under the latter circum stance the ENSO cycle no long appears the charact eristics of interdecadal variations.This suggests that the modulating action of PDO plays an important role in the cause of inter decadal variations of ENSO cycle.
2005, 27(5): 38-45.
Abstract:
The Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea are typical coastal Case-Ⅱ water with high sediment load and complicated optical properties.On the basis of the data of 2003 joint ocean color cruises,the statistic algorithms to retrieve 490 nm band diffuse attenuation coefficient(Kd490) and Secchi depth transparency are established.The remote sensing reflectance at bands of 490,555 and 670 nm is used in the algorithms.The correlation coefficients(R2) of retrieved and in situ values are 0.96 with a averaged relative error of 17.2% for the Kd490,and 0.95 with 16.8% for transparency respectively.The input error sensitivity analysis shows that the introducing ±5% remote sensing reflectance error results in 27.3% and 22.7% error increase in the retrieval results.The algorithms are established based on one cruise and validated with data from the other cruise,it is shown that the average relative errors are 25.0% and 16.5% for Kd490 and transparency respectively.The relations of Kd490 to other ocean color wavelengths are also given in linear equations,and all the correlation coef ficients are above 0.98.From this result,the diffuse at tenuation coefficient at anyother bands can be derived by a known diffuse attenuation coefficient,so that the unknowns in ocean color models and applications are reduced.
The Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea are typical coastal Case-Ⅱ water with high sediment load and complicated optical properties.On the basis of the data of 2003 joint ocean color cruises,the statistic algorithms to retrieve 490 nm band diffuse attenuation coefficient(Kd490) and Secchi depth transparency are established.The remote sensing reflectance at bands of 490,555 and 670 nm is used in the algorithms.The correlation coefficients(R2) of retrieved and in situ values are 0.96 with a averaged relative error of 17.2% for the Kd490,and 0.95 with 16.8% for transparency respectively.The input error sensitivity analysis shows that the introducing ±5% remote sensing reflectance error results in 27.3% and 22.7% error increase in the retrieval results.The algorithms are established based on one cruise and validated with data from the other cruise,it is shown that the average relative errors are 25.0% and 16.5% for Kd490 and transparency respectively.The relations of Kd490 to other ocean color wavelengths are also given in linear equations,and all the correlation coef ficients are above 0.98.From this result,the diffuse at tenuation coefficient at anyother bands can be derived by a known diffuse attenuation coefficient,so that the unknowns in ocean color models and applications are reduced.
2005, 27(5): 46-53.
Abstract:
Particulate organic carbon(POC) was studied in the Huanghe Sea and the East China Sea in the spring of 2001.The results show that the concentrations of POC range from 2 to 3.815g/dm3 and strongly correlated with ATP in the euphotic layer.It is indicated that POC in the euphotic layer is primarily of marine biological origin.High value of POC concent ration was found near the shore and the value decreased seaward.The factors that affected POC vertical distributions were different with the location of stations.Near the Changjiang River mouth,being influenced by the concentration of total sespended particulate matter,the concentration of POC is low in the surface layer and high in the bottom layer,while in the shelf area,it was mainly controlled by biological activity and hydrological conditions.Otherwise,in the shelf break of the East China Sea,the vertical distribution of POC was controlled by the charact eristics of the deep ocean water.The diurnal variety of POC was affected by biological activity in the Huanghe Sea,while tide and alternation of water mass together with biological activity affect the diurnal variety of POC near the Chang jiang River mouth and Zhejiang Province in the East China Sea.
Particulate organic carbon(POC) was studied in the Huanghe Sea and the East China Sea in the spring of 2001.The results show that the concentrations of POC range from 2 to 3.815g/dm3 and strongly correlated with ATP in the euphotic layer.It is indicated that POC in the euphotic layer is primarily of marine biological origin.High value of POC concent ration was found near the shore and the value decreased seaward.The factors that affected POC vertical distributions were different with the location of stations.Near the Changjiang River mouth,being influenced by the concentration of total sespended particulate matter,the concentration of POC is low in the surface layer and high in the bottom layer,while in the shelf area,it was mainly controlled by biological activity and hydrological conditions.Otherwise,in the shelf break of the East China Sea,the vertical distribution of POC was controlled by the charact eristics of the deep ocean water.The diurnal variety of POC was affected by biological activity in the Huanghe Sea,while tide and alternation of water mass together with biological activity affect the diurnal variety of POC near the Chang jiang River mouth and Zhejiang Province in the East China Sea.
2005, 27(5): 54-59.
Abstract:
On the basis of data obtained during field observation in the Chengbei Oil Field and its adjacent sea areas in August 1996 and 2003,the concent ration of DO,COD,oil and heavy metals in the seawater,content of heavy metals,oil,organic matter and sulfide levels in the surface sediments,numbers of species,biomass and abundance of marine or ganisms are studied.Assessing the marine ecological environment,and analyzing the variation trend,the results indicate that petroleum exploration led to the decline of the ecological environmental quality in the area.It is found that the concent ration of oil in seaw ater rose obviously in the past years.The copper content is high enough to contaminate the surface sediments,while the oil concent ration increases continually.The bottom habitat is unhealthy and the benthos is contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons.
On the basis of data obtained during field observation in the Chengbei Oil Field and its adjacent sea areas in August 1996 and 2003,the concent ration of DO,COD,oil and heavy metals in the seawater,content of heavy metals,oil,organic matter and sulfide levels in the surface sediments,numbers of species,biomass and abundance of marine or ganisms are studied.Assessing the marine ecological environment,and analyzing the variation trend,the results indicate that petroleum exploration led to the decline of the ecological environmental quality in the area.It is found that the concent ration of oil in seaw ater rose obviously in the past years.The copper content is high enough to contaminate the surface sediments,while the oil concent ration increases continually.The bottom habitat is unhealthy and the benthos is contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons.
2005, 27(5): 60-66.
Abstract:
Adsorption of sediments on NH4+-N is one of the key biogeochemical processes,which plays an important role in the cycle of nitrogen in an estuary and tidalflats.NH4+-N adsorbed by intertidal surface sediments was studied with simulation experiment from the Changjiang Estuary.It is indicated that the adsorption of sediments on NH4+-N shows linear Changes in the possible range of NH4+-N in overlying waters and porewaters from the intertidal flat of the Changjiang Estuary.The adsorption coefficients of NH4+-N vary from 3.81 to 9.00,and are closely related to sedimentary organic carbon,showing that or ganic matter may control NH4+-N adsorption behavior.Compared with the in situ measured data,it is concluded that NH4+-N adsorption is under the non-thermodynamic balance status under natural conditions in the Changjiang Estuary.In addition,it is also showed that salinity has an important effect on NH4+-N adsorption,and that the little change of salinity has a pronounced influence on NH4+-N adsorption in sediments within the range of lower salinity.
Adsorption of sediments on NH4+-N is one of the key biogeochemical processes,which plays an important role in the cycle of nitrogen in an estuary and tidalflats.NH4+-N adsorbed by intertidal surface sediments was studied with simulation experiment from the Changjiang Estuary.It is indicated that the adsorption of sediments on NH4+-N shows linear Changes in the possible range of NH4+-N in overlying waters and porewaters from the intertidal flat of the Changjiang Estuary.The adsorption coefficients of NH4+-N vary from 3.81 to 9.00,and are closely related to sedimentary organic carbon,showing that or ganic matter may control NH4+-N adsorption behavior.Compared with the in situ measured data,it is concluded that NH4+-N adsorption is under the non-thermodynamic balance status under natural conditions in the Changjiang Estuary.In addition,it is also showed that salinity has an important effect on NH4+-N adsorption,and that the little change of salinity has a pronounced influence on NH4+-N adsorption in sediments within the range of lower salinity.
2005, 27(5): 67-72.
Abstract:
Hydrothermal chimney is an important product of modern hydrothermal mineralizing system at the seabed of the back arc spreading basin.The rare earth element components of hydrothermal chimney in Jade area in the Izena depression are charact erized by enriched light rare earth element and high positive europium abnormity.The average value of 87Sr/86Sr and 143N d/144N d is 0.708928 and 0.512292 respectively.These values are between the values of seawater and acidicfloat rock in the Okinawa Trough.All these characteristics indicate that the acidiclava is maybe the main source of hydrothermal sulfide deposits in the Jadearea.The mineralizing mechanism of hydrothermal sulfide deposits in the Jade area can be described as follows.Large amounts of materials are produced in the course of seawater rock thermo chemistry reactions when the embedding seawater is heated up and contacted with the acidic volcanic rocks.The materials mix with seawater and becomea type of thermal liquor which is characterized by enriched lightrare earth element.When this type of thermal liquid spurts out from the seafloor and cryst allizes or deposits rapidly.The cuprumrincum sulfide and barite-noncrystal SiO2 mineral will be created with enriched light rare earth element and high positive europium abnormity.
Hydrothermal chimney is an important product of modern hydrothermal mineralizing system at the seabed of the back arc spreading basin.The rare earth element components of hydrothermal chimney in Jade area in the Izena depression are charact erized by enriched light rare earth element and high positive europium abnormity.The average value of 87Sr/86Sr and 143N d/144N d is 0.708928 and 0.512292 respectively.These values are between the values of seawater and acidicfloat rock in the Okinawa Trough.All these characteristics indicate that the acidiclava is maybe the main source of hydrothermal sulfide deposits in the Jadearea.The mineralizing mechanism of hydrothermal sulfide deposits in the Jade area can be described as follows.Large amounts of materials are produced in the course of seawater rock thermo chemistry reactions when the embedding seawater is heated up and contacted with the acidic volcanic rocks.The materials mix with seawater and becomea type of thermal liquor which is characterized by enriched lightrare earth element.When this type of thermal liquid spurts out from the seafloor and cryst allizes or deposits rapidly.The cuprumrincum sulfide and barite-noncrystal SiO2 mineral will be created with enriched light rare earth element and high positive europium abnormity.
2005, 27(5): 73-81.
Abstract:
Volcanic glasses are widely distributed in sediment of the South China Sea.The volcanic glasses from surface sediment show a north-south distribution pattern,and their contents increase gradually from northern,western,southern continental shelf to middle and eastern deep-sea basin,respectively.The chang of volcanic glasses in core sediment nearly is the same as that of surficial sediment,the layer number of volcanic glass is more and the contents are higher in the deep-sea basin.There is no obvious correlation among chemical composition of volcanic glasses.From TAS diagram,it can be argued that surficial volcanic glasses belong to andesite rocks,and the rock types of corevolcanic glasses are broad,but the most types are andesite and rhyolite rocks.The more potential sources of volcanic glasses in the South China Sea,China are the Philippine arc volcanoes and the deep-sea intrabasinal submarine volcanoes,the next is the Indonesian arc volcanoes,but the volcanic activity of Indo-China Peninsula and South China less impacts on volcanic glass deposition.The transport and deposition of volcanic glasses are mainly controlled by typhoons,cross-equatorial flow and geostrophic current.
Volcanic glasses are widely distributed in sediment of the South China Sea.The volcanic glasses from surface sediment show a north-south distribution pattern,and their contents increase gradually from northern,western,southern continental shelf to middle and eastern deep-sea basin,respectively.The chang of volcanic glasses in core sediment nearly is the same as that of surficial sediment,the layer number of volcanic glass is more and the contents are higher in the deep-sea basin.There is no obvious correlation among chemical composition of volcanic glasses.From TAS diagram,it can be argued that surficial volcanic glasses belong to andesite rocks,and the rock types of corevolcanic glasses are broad,but the most types are andesite and rhyolite rocks.The more potential sources of volcanic glasses in the South China Sea,China are the Philippine arc volcanoes and the deep-sea intrabasinal submarine volcanoes,the next is the Indonesian arc volcanoes,but the volcanic activity of Indo-China Peninsula and South China less impacts on volcanic glass deposition.The transport and deposition of volcanic glasses are mainly controlled by typhoons,cross-equatorial flow and geostrophic current.
2005, 27(5): 82-91.
Abstract:
On the basis of bathymetric data and other geological and geophysical data obtained during first survey in the area off eastern Taiwan Island from May to June in 2000,the topogr aphical features of the region,the tectonic control to the seafloor topography and their tectonic implication were studied and discussed.The results have revealed that both the slope zone of the Ryūkyū arc and the Ryūkyū Trench presenta typical morphot ectonic characteristics controlled by the trench-arc system in the West Pacific Ocean.At the slope of eastern Taiwan Island the isobathic lines parallel the coast line and distribute densely in nearly N-S direction and the slope gradient of topog raphy is large.Such a unique feature is at tributed to the collision of the Luzon arc and Eurasia continent.In the Huadong(Huatung) Basin,turbidity fans and submarine canyons are well developed,its form ations are mainly related to the steep topo graphy of the slope of the Luzon arc and the abundant supply of sediments.These submarine canyons are controlled by basement highs and strike-slip faults.On the eastern side and western side of the Gagua Ridge,both the water depth and morpho logical features are different,but the basement of Gagua Ridge belongs to the Huadong Basin.The eastern side of the Gagua Ridge(123°12'E) corresponds to the boundary of two plates with different ages.In the West Philippine Basin,linear ridges and troughs in a N W trending are identified,which are dissected by a N-E trending transform fault.According to the seafloor topography features,the direction of the transform fault and the magnetic anomaly lineations,the seaflo or of this region was formed during 60~45 Ma B.P.when the West Philippine Basin was spreading along NE-SW relative to present orientation.
On the basis of bathymetric data and other geological and geophysical data obtained during first survey in the area off eastern Taiwan Island from May to June in 2000,the topogr aphical features of the region,the tectonic control to the seafloor topography and their tectonic implication were studied and discussed.The results have revealed that both the slope zone of the Ryūkyū arc and the Ryūkyū Trench presenta typical morphot ectonic characteristics controlled by the trench-arc system in the West Pacific Ocean.At the slope of eastern Taiwan Island the isobathic lines parallel the coast line and distribute densely in nearly N-S direction and the slope gradient of topog raphy is large.Such a unique feature is at tributed to the collision of the Luzon arc and Eurasia continent.In the Huadong(Huatung) Basin,turbidity fans and submarine canyons are well developed,its form ations are mainly related to the steep topo graphy of the slope of the Luzon arc and the abundant supply of sediments.These submarine canyons are controlled by basement highs and strike-slip faults.On the eastern side and western side of the Gagua Ridge,both the water depth and morpho logical features are different,but the basement of Gagua Ridge belongs to the Huadong Basin.The eastern side of the Gagua Ridge(123°12'E) corresponds to the boundary of two plates with different ages.In the West Philippine Basin,linear ridges and troughs in a N W trending are identified,which are dissected by a N-E trending transform fault.According to the seafloor topography features,the direction of the transform fault and the magnetic anomaly lineations,the seaflo or of this region was formed during 60~45 Ma B.P.when the West Philippine Basin was spreading along NE-SW relative to present orientation.
2005, 27(5): 92-95.
Abstract:
Six cDNA libraries of blood,eyestalks,ovary and cephalathorax of female,male,triploid Chinese shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) were constructed using the cDNA synthesis and ZAP express kit (Stratagene).Total RNA was extracted with guanidine thiocyanate/phenol/chloroform.Synthesized cDNA was ligated with the E coR I adapter and phosphory lated.After EcoR I adapters were digested and eliminated with Sephrose-2Bspun column,the cDNA fragments that had more than 400 bp were collected and ligated with the ZAP express vector.And then the ligated cDNAs were packed and incubated with XL blue MRF.The content of each library is 0.78×106 (blood),0.60×106(eyestalks),0.36×106(ovary),1.3×106(female),0.20×106(male) and 1.2×106(triploid),respectively.In order to detect the quality of these libraries,the inserted fragments were am plified with the T3 and T7 primers.The size of the inserted fragments was 500~2500 bp.Moreover,antimicrobial peptide and-actingenes were cloned from the libraries.All these results indicate that high quality cDN A libraries were obtained.These cDNA libraries provide avery powerful tool to find new functional genes,analyze ESTs,and prepare genechips and so on.
Six cDNA libraries of blood,eyestalks,ovary and cephalathorax of female,male,triploid Chinese shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) were constructed using the cDNA synthesis and ZAP express kit (Stratagene).Total RNA was extracted with guanidine thiocyanate/phenol/chloroform.Synthesized cDNA was ligated with the E coR I adapter and phosphory lated.After EcoR I adapters were digested and eliminated with Sephrose-2Bspun column,the cDNA fragments that had more than 400 bp were collected and ligated with the ZAP express vector.And then the ligated cDNAs were packed and incubated with XL blue MRF.The content of each library is 0.78×106 (blood),0.60×106(eyestalks),0.36×106(ovary),1.3×106(female),0.20×106(male) and 1.2×106(triploid),respectively.In order to detect the quality of these libraries,the inserted fragments were am plified with the T3 and T7 primers.The size of the inserted fragments was 500~2500 bp.Moreover,antimicrobial peptide and-actingenes were cloned from the libraries.All these results indicate that high quality cDN A libraries were obtained.These cDNA libraries provide avery powerful tool to find new functional genes,analyze ESTs,and prepare genechips and so on.
2005, 27(5): 96-102.
Abstract:
One hundred and eighty bacteria isolated from surface of tunics of Styelaconopus Savigny,Styela plicata Lesueur,Molgula manhattensis Delay and their adhesive substrates,as well as 110 ones from nearby water,were investigated.On the basis of their morphological,biochemical and physiological characteristics,these bacteria belong to 10 genera and over 60% bacteria are Gram-negative.In bacteria from surfaces of sea squirtps tunics and their adhesive substrates,dominant colonies are Pseudomonas,while Aeromonas are primary in bacteria from water.Nine strains were screened out from 180 bacteria for their greatability of attachment.Then these 9 bacteria were cultured to form different bacterial films respectively,to gether with a mixed artificial film made of all 9 strains so that influences of these ar tificial films on set tlement and metamo rphosis of Styel a conopus Savigny larvae were studied.It is revealed that different types of artificial films have dissimilar effects on set tlement and met amorphosis of Styela conopus Savigny larvae.On one hand,5 kinds of bact erial films,H6,H9,H13,H15 and the mixed film remarkably stimulate larva attachment,while H4 strongly inhibited and others are without evident influences.On the other hand,in 10 bact erial films,H4,H7,and H9 obviously restrain metam orphosis of lava of Styela conops Savigny,but more larva are metamor phic when they grew on H13 and the mixed bacterial film.It illustrated that set tlement and met amorphosis of Styel a conop us Savigny larva were two correspondingly independent processes during these two courses,different effects were shown when larva grew on the same bacterial film.
One hundred and eighty bacteria isolated from surface of tunics of Styelaconopus Savigny,Styela plicata Lesueur,Molgula manhattensis Delay and their adhesive substrates,as well as 110 ones from nearby water,were investigated.On the basis of their morphological,biochemical and physiological characteristics,these bacteria belong to 10 genera and over 60% bacteria are Gram-negative.In bacteria from surfaces of sea squirtps tunics and their adhesive substrates,dominant colonies are Pseudomonas,while Aeromonas are primary in bacteria from water.Nine strains were screened out from 180 bacteria for their greatability of attachment.Then these 9 bacteria were cultured to form different bacterial films respectively,to gether with a mixed artificial film made of all 9 strains so that influences of these ar tificial films on set tlement and metamo rphosis of Styel a conopus Savigny larvae were studied.It is revealed that different types of artificial films have dissimilar effects on set tlement and met amorphosis of Styela conopus Savigny larvae.On one hand,5 kinds of bact erial films,H6,H9,H13,H15 and the mixed film remarkably stimulate larva attachment,while H4 strongly inhibited and others are without evident influences.On the other hand,in 10 bact erial films,H4,H7,and H9 obviously restrain metam orphosis of lava of Styela conops Savigny,but more larva are metamor phic when they grew on H13 and the mixed bacterial film.It illustrated that set tlement and met amorphosis of Styel a conop us Savigny larva were two correspondingly independent processes during these two courses,different effects were shown when larva grew on the same bacterial film.
2005, 27(5): 103-111.
Abstract:
Ribulose-1,5-bispho sphate carboxynase/oxygenase large subunit gene(rbcL) of phytoplankton DNAs of Jiao zhou Bay surface seawater was amplified in spring,summer and autumn and cloned respectively.One hundred and forty five clones about 50 each library were randomly selected and sequenced.Ifidentical aminoacid sequences are considered as the same operational taxonomy unit(OTU),59 OTUs are identified according to inferred amino acid sequences.Among these OTUs,21 are specific for spring seawater,13 are specific for summer seawater and 23 are specific for autumn seawater.Two OTUs are shared by summer and autumn.Shannon's index calculated from OTU abundances reflects the genetic diversity level of a community.The indexes of spring,summer and autumn surface seawater phytoplankt on are 2.69,2.44 and 2.76 respectively,indicating that phyt oplankt on genetic diversity of autumn seawater is the richest.Seasonal variation of phy to plankt on community is significant;the community compositions of three seasons are almost completely dif ferent except for two OTUs shared by summer and autumn.Surface seawater phytoplankton communities are possibly metacomm unities different spatially and temporally.
Ribulose-1,5-bispho sphate carboxynase/oxygenase large subunit gene(rbcL) of phytoplankton DNAs of Jiao zhou Bay surface seawater was amplified in spring,summer and autumn and cloned respectively.One hundred and forty five clones about 50 each library were randomly selected and sequenced.Ifidentical aminoacid sequences are considered as the same operational taxonomy unit(OTU),59 OTUs are identified according to inferred amino acid sequences.Among these OTUs,21 are specific for spring seawater,13 are specific for summer seawater and 23 are specific for autumn seawater.Two OTUs are shared by summer and autumn.Shannon's index calculated from OTU abundances reflects the genetic diversity level of a community.The indexes of spring,summer and autumn surface seawater phytoplankt on are 2.69,2.44 and 2.76 respectively,indicating that phyt oplankt on genetic diversity of autumn seawater is the richest.Seasonal variation of phy to plankt on community is significant;the community compositions of three seasons are almost completely dif ferent except for two OTUs shared by summer and autumn.Surface seawater phytoplankton communities are possibly metacomm unities different spatially and temporally.
2005, 27(5): 112-118.
Abstract:
Six species of macrofauna were collected in mangrove wet land in the Jiulong Estuary in August and November 2001 and their contents of polycy clic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined.The bioaccu mulation factors of Neritina [Dostia] violacea,Littoraria melanostoma,Phascolosoma esculenta,Periophthalmus cantonensis,Cerithidea djadjariensis and Trypauchenvagina are 0.338,0.201,0.152,0.142,0.103 and 0.025,respectively.All of bioaccumulation factors are less than 1.The contents of PAHs in Periophthalmus cantonensis and Littoraria melanostoma are increasing with PAHS contents increase in sediment.However both of their bioaccumulation factors have a decreasing trend while PAHs contents in sediment are increasing.The main PAHs compositions of Periophthal muscantonensis,Littoraria melanostoma,Cerithidea djadjariensis and Phascolosoma esculenta less biaromatics.The main PAHs compositions of Neritina violacea and Try pauchen vagina are,tetra-aromatics and penta-aromatics,respectively.
Six species of macrofauna were collected in mangrove wet land in the Jiulong Estuary in August and November 2001 and their contents of polycy clic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined.The bioaccu mulation factors of Neritina [Dostia] violacea,Littoraria melanostoma,Phascolosoma esculenta,Periophthalmus cantonensis,Cerithidea djadjariensis and Trypauchenvagina are 0.338,0.201,0.152,0.142,0.103 and 0.025,respectively.All of bioaccumulation factors are less than 1.The contents of PAHs in Periophthalmus cantonensis and Littoraria melanostoma are increasing with PAHS contents increase in sediment.However both of their bioaccumulation factors have a decreasing trend while PAHs contents in sediment are increasing.The main PAHs compositions of Periophthal muscantonensis,Littoraria melanostoma,Cerithidea djadjariensis and Phascolosoma esculenta less biaromatics.The main PAHs compositions of Neritina violacea and Try pauchen vagina are,tetra-aromatics and penta-aromatics,respectively.
2005, 27(5): 119-125.
Abstract:
Accumulations of selenium in kelp(Laminaria japonica) cultured in seawater were achieved by adding selenite(Na2SeO3) with or without N and P(NaNO3+NaH2PO4) nutrient of different concentrations.Biotransformation of selenium in the Kelp was investigated through measuring the selenium of biological samples and different biochemical fractionations.The results show that the total selenium contentin kelp(fresh weight) is 0.451~0.577 Lg/g before accumulation.The optimal concent ration of Na2SeO3 is 200 mg/dm3 and the concentration of selenium is 20.558~25.811 Lg/g after exposing for 56 h in seawater containing 200 mg/dm3 Na2SeO3.This demonstrates that the kelp has good capability of accumulating selenium.Analysis of selenium composition in the kelp(control group) shows that selenium is predominately present as organic selenium which is up to 86.22% of total selenium.When the kelp exposing for 56 h in seawater containing 200 mg/dm3 Na2SeO3,the total selenium is 24.481 Lg/g in which organic selenium is 16.703 Lg/g,inorganic selenium 4.714 Lg/g.The capability of accumulation of selenium was further enhanced by adding N-Pnutrent to the selenite enriched medium.Total selenium is increased by 33.649 Lg/g atoptimal concentration of N-Pnutrient(150 mg/dm3 NaNO3 and 25 mg/dm3 NaH2PO4),whereas theinor ganic selenium is not increased and kept as 4.497 Lg/g,and the increased part of selenium is organic selenium.This implies that kelp Laminari ajaponica could effectively transform inorganic selenium into organic selenium through metabolism.
Accumulations of selenium in kelp(Laminaria japonica) cultured in seawater were achieved by adding selenite(Na2SeO3) with or without N and P(NaNO3+NaH2PO4) nutrient of different concentrations.Biotransformation of selenium in the Kelp was investigated through measuring the selenium of biological samples and different biochemical fractionations.The results show that the total selenium contentin kelp(fresh weight) is 0.451~0.577 Lg/g before accumulation.The optimal concent ration of Na2SeO3 is 200 mg/dm3 and the concentration of selenium is 20.558~25.811 Lg/g after exposing for 56 h in seawater containing 200 mg/dm3 Na2SeO3.This demonstrates that the kelp has good capability of accumulating selenium.Analysis of selenium composition in the kelp(control group) shows that selenium is predominately present as organic selenium which is up to 86.22% of total selenium.When the kelp exposing for 56 h in seawater containing 200 mg/dm3 Na2SeO3,the total selenium is 24.481 Lg/g in which organic selenium is 16.703 Lg/g,inorganic selenium 4.714 Lg/g.The capability of accumulation of selenium was further enhanced by adding N-Pnutrent to the selenite enriched medium.Total selenium is increased by 33.649 Lg/g atoptimal concentration of N-Pnutrient(150 mg/dm3 NaNO3 and 25 mg/dm3 NaH2PO4),whereas theinor ganic selenium is not increased and kept as 4.497 Lg/g,and the increased part of selenium is organic selenium.This implies that kelp Laminari ajaponica could effectively transform inorganic selenium into organic selenium through metabolism.
2005, 27(5): 126-130.
Abstract:
The process of adsorption of Cu2+,Cd2+ by immobilized marine alage was investigated.It maybenoted from the results that,the process for bio-sorption of heavy metals(Cu,Cd) by imm obilized Laminaria japonica can be described by the Bangham model.The adsorption rate constant calculated is 0.1078 and 0.03028 min-1 for Cu2+ and Cd2+ according to the model,respectively.The experimental biosorption equilibrium data for Cu2+ and Cd2+ are in good agreement with those calculated by the Langmuir model.The maxim umuptake capacity calculated is 83.3 and 112.4 mg/g for Cu2+ and Cd2+ according to the Lang muirmodel,respectively.The appetency of Laminaria japonica to Cu2+ is better than Cd2+.
The process of adsorption of Cu2+,Cd2+ by immobilized marine alage was investigated.It maybenoted from the results that,the process for bio-sorption of heavy metals(Cu,Cd) by imm obilized Laminaria japonica can be described by the Bangham model.The adsorption rate constant calculated is 0.1078 and 0.03028 min-1 for Cu2+ and Cd2+ according to the model,respectively.The experimental biosorption equilibrium data for Cu2+ and Cd2+ are in good agreement with those calculated by the Langmuir model.The maxim umuptake capacity calculated is 83.3 and 112.4 mg/g for Cu2+ and Cd2+ according to the Lang muirmodel,respectively.The appetency of Laminaria japonica to Cu2+ is better than Cd2+.
2005, 27(5): 131-136.
Abstract:
Taking the blue mussel(Mytilus edulis) cultured in western Xiamen waers and Alex andrium tamarense(Lebour) Balech monospecies laboratory cultured as the experimental objects,the PSP toxicityof A.tamarense on blue mussel is studied following the standard method of PSP mouse bioassay developedby the Association of Official Analytical Chemists(AOAC).The results indicate that the mice survived when the density of A.tamarense cells was lower than 1×105cells/dm3 and the mice died when the density was higher than 1×105cells/dm3.The pastrecord of red tide evolution in western Xiamen watersshows a general trend of starting from the bloom of non toxic plankto nic diatoms in local waters and resulting in harmful red tide bloom due to the fade of planktonic diatom which f ailed in the survival competitionin the unfavor able and deteriorated ecoenvironment.On the basis of experiment al results and natural environment of Xiam en waters and by making reference to the critical criteria of shellfish toxins in variousstates,a prewarning value 1×105cells/dm3 of A.tamarense PSP in Xiamen waters is proposed.
Taking the blue mussel(Mytilus edulis) cultured in western Xiamen waers and Alex andrium tamarense(Lebour) Balech monospecies laboratory cultured as the experimental objects,the PSP toxicityof A.tamarense on blue mussel is studied following the standard method of PSP mouse bioassay developedby the Association of Official Analytical Chemists(AOAC).The results indicate that the mice survived when the density of A.tamarense cells was lower than 1×105cells/dm3 and the mice died when the density was higher than 1×105cells/dm3.The pastrecord of red tide evolution in western Xiamen watersshows a general trend of starting from the bloom of non toxic plankto nic diatoms in local waters and resulting in harmful red tide bloom due to the fade of planktonic diatom which f ailed in the survival competitionin the unfavor able and deteriorated ecoenvironment.On the basis of experiment al results and natural environment of Xiam en waters and by making reference to the critical criteria of shellfish toxins in variousstates,a prewarning value 1×105cells/dm3 of A.tamarense PSP in Xiamen waters is proposed.
2005, 27(5): 137-144.
Abstract:
A systemic epizo otiological study on mass mortalities of the cultured sea scallop Argopectenirra dians was carried out during the period of 2001~2002.The results show that the mortality rate of the juvenile population of A.irradians is about 60% from June to October,with the death peak occurring in June.The results on investig ation of environm ntal factors revealed that the lower water temperature might be the serious stress factor to the cultured juvenile populations of A.irr adians.Several suspicious pathogens infecting the scallop were found such as rickett sia-like or ganism(RLO),my coplasma-like organism(M L O).The results of histological observation showed that rickettsia-like org anism inclusions were common,histological widespread infective agent.The averaged prevalence was from 15%~80% among cultured juvenile populations with averaged sizes of 0.5~5 cm.The highest infection intensity of RLO was from averaged 11.5 to 16 inclusions persection during the death peak of juvenile populations.An inference is made from the above analysis that RLO infection is positively correlated with mor tality rates of juvenile populations and may be the main pathogen responsible for mass mortalit ies of the cultured juvenile populations of scallop,A.irradians on the basis of the obser vation of intensity of RLO infection and hostpathology.
A systemic epizo otiological study on mass mortalities of the cultured sea scallop Argopectenirra dians was carried out during the period of 2001~2002.The results show that the mortality rate of the juvenile population of A.irradians is about 60% from June to October,with the death peak occurring in June.The results on investig ation of environm ntal factors revealed that the lower water temperature might be the serious stress factor to the cultured juvenile populations of A.irr adians.Several suspicious pathogens infecting the scallop were found such as rickett sia-like or ganism(RLO),my coplasma-like organism(M L O).The results of histological observation showed that rickettsia-like org anism inclusions were common,histological widespread infective agent.The averaged prevalence was from 15%~80% among cultured juvenile populations with averaged sizes of 0.5~5 cm.The highest infection intensity of RLO was from averaged 11.5 to 16 inclusions persection during the death peak of juvenile populations.An inference is made from the above analysis that RLO infection is positively correlated with mor tality rates of juvenile populations and may be the main pathogen responsible for mass mortalit ies of the cultured juvenile populations of scallop,A.irradians on the basis of the obser vation of intensity of RLO infection and hostpathology.
2005, 27(5): 145-150.
Abstract:
Supported by GIS,15 pieces of charts of the Xinqiao Channel of the South Branch of the Changjiang Estuary are studied.Digital elevation model of the Chang jiang Estuary is established with Kriging gridding method to research evolution of channel change of coasts,formation and evolution.The different points of views,transverse section,plane and volume changes are considered.The results show that the evolution of the Xinqiao Channel has experienced three stages:in 1861~1926,the Xinqiao Channel area had been eroded at first and then silted;the Xinqiao Channel is for med during 1926~1958 with the channel experiencing persist ence erosion;from 1958 to 2002,the total volume of the Xinqiao Channel keeps stable with the volume of 5.02 108m3.The pattern of 10 m contour has shaped to a certainty in 1926 and 5 m contour of the upper and lower parts of Biandansha has been joined.The change of sections of the Xinqiao Channel reflects its thalweg movement to the North Bank 1.1~2.8 km,its shape changes from Ushape to Vshape and its depth has been deepened.The evolution of the Xinqiao Channel from 1861 to 2002 is predicted that the channel will keep stable for a long time as soon as the Chang jiang Estuary maint ainsits config uration.
Supported by GIS,15 pieces of charts of the Xinqiao Channel of the South Branch of the Changjiang Estuary are studied.Digital elevation model of the Chang jiang Estuary is established with Kriging gridding method to research evolution of channel change of coasts,formation and evolution.The different points of views,transverse section,plane and volume changes are considered.The results show that the evolution of the Xinqiao Channel has experienced three stages:in 1861~1926,the Xinqiao Channel area had been eroded at first and then silted;the Xinqiao Channel is for med during 1926~1958 with the channel experiencing persist ence erosion;from 1958 to 2002,the total volume of the Xinqiao Channel keeps stable with the volume of 5.02 108m3.The pattern of 10 m contour has shaped to a certainty in 1926 and 5 m contour of the upper and lower parts of Biandansha has been joined.The change of sections of the Xinqiao Channel reflects its thalweg movement to the North Bank 1.1~2.8 km,its shape changes from Ushape to Vshape and its depth has been deepened.The evolution of the Xinqiao Channel from 1861 to 2002 is predicted that the channel will keep stable for a long time as soon as the Chang jiang Estuary maint ainsits config uration.
2005, 27(5): 151-156.
Abstract:
On the basis of previous study on deep channel,the South Branch,Xinqiao Channel,Nanxiao hong and Main Channel of Nangarg are chosen as the typical flood and ebb channels.Field data sampled in the flood season of 2001 and the dry season of 2003 are used as the base of the analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics,such as current,sediment,dominant current and dominant sediment.The result shows that it is not general to use single hydrodynamic characteristics to determine channel type.A non-dimensional parameter(λ),which contains mich information of mutiparameters,is been propo sed to judge channel type reasonably.
On the basis of previous study on deep channel,the South Branch,Xinqiao Channel,Nanxiao hong and Main Channel of Nangarg are chosen as the typical flood and ebb channels.Field data sampled in the flood season of 2001 and the dry season of 2003 are used as the base of the analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics,such as current,sediment,dominant current and dominant sediment.The result shows that it is not general to use single hydrodynamic characteristics to determine channel type.A non-dimensional parameter(λ),which contains mich information of mutiparameters,is been propo sed to judge channel type reasonably.
2005, 27(5): 157-163.
Abstract:
The wave reflection coefficient frequency spectrum and directional spectrum for concrete shield breakwater and rubble mound breakwater have been investigated through physical model tests.Reflection coefficients of obliqueir regularwaves are analyzed with the modified two-points method(M T PM) proposed.The results show that wave reflection coefficient decreases with increasing of wave frequency and incident angle or decr easing of the structure slope.The reflection coefficient frequent spectrum and its variation with Iribarren number are given.An empirical 3-dimensional reflection coefficient spectrum is suggested,which can be used to illust rate quantitatively the variations of reflection coefficient with incident angle and a non-dimensional characterized parameter Iribarren number for oblique irregular waves.
The wave reflection coefficient frequency spectrum and directional spectrum for concrete shield breakwater and rubble mound breakwater have been investigated through physical model tests.Reflection coefficients of obliqueir regularwaves are analyzed with the modified two-points method(M T PM) proposed.The results show that wave reflection coefficient decreases with increasing of wave frequency and incident angle or decr easing of the structure slope.The reflection coefficient frequent spectrum and its variation with Iribarren number are given.An empirical 3-dimensional reflection coefficient spectrum is suggested,which can be used to illust rate quantitatively the variations of reflection coefficient with incident angle and a non-dimensional characterized parameter Iribarren number for oblique irregular waves.
2005, 27(5): 164-172.
Abstract:
2005, 27(5): 173-176.
Abstract:
2005, 27(5): 177-179.
Abstract:
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