2002 Vol. 24, No. 4
Display Method:
2002, 24(4): 1-10.
Abstract:
The difference-ratio relations are introduced to separate tidal constituents that are aliased due to the sample interval of the TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter.It is found that some tidal constituents such as K1 and SSA,though aliased at along track points,are not aliased at crossover points because there is one time more data at crossover points than that at along track points.So the harmonic analysis method can be employed directly on time series at the crossover points.Then the difference-ratio relations from the crossover points are introduced to analyze the time series at along track points.The TOPEX/POSEIDON data in the Northwest Pacific are analyzed with this method. The results from this method agree well with tidal constants from tidal gauges.
The difference-ratio relations are introduced to separate tidal constituents that are aliased due to the sample interval of the TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter.It is found that some tidal constituents such as K1 and SSA,though aliased at along track points,are not aliased at crossover points because there is one time more data at crossover points than that at along track points.So the harmonic analysis method can be employed directly on time series at the crossover points.Then the difference-ratio relations from the crossover points are introduced to analyze the time series at along track points.The TOPEX/POSEIDON data in the Northwest Pacific are analyzed with this method. The results from this method agree well with tidal constants from tidal gauges.
2002, 24(4): 11-22.
Abstract:
Acoupled sea ice-ocean isopycnal numerical model of the Southern Ocean is established to study the circulation and its seasonal variation in the region of the Kerguelen Plateau.An analysis of the simulated results shows significant banded structure and non-zonal characteristics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current(ACC)in this region. There exist different circulation patterns as the ACC meets the plateau.The southern branch of the ACC is very near to the Antarctic coast and displays its strong interaction with the westward Antarctic Slope Current.The northern branch of the ACC behaves like an annual variation while the southern one displays a semi-annual variation.The variation phases of both branches are consistent with those of the wind stress in this region.
Acoupled sea ice-ocean isopycnal numerical model of the Southern Ocean is established to study the circulation and its seasonal variation in the region of the Kerguelen Plateau.An analysis of the simulated results shows significant banded structure and non-zonal characteristics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current(ACC)in this region. There exist different circulation patterns as the ACC meets the plateau.The southern branch of the ACC is very near to the Antarctic coast and displays its strong interaction with the westward Antarctic Slope Current.The northern branch of the ACC behaves like an annual variation while the southern one displays a semi-annual variation.The variation phases of both branches are consistent with those of the wind stress in this region.
2002, 24(4): 23-33.
Abstract:
Anested numerical storm surge forecast model for the East China Sea is developed.A one-way relaxing nest method is used to exchange the information between coarse grid and fine grid.In the inner boundary of the fine grid model a transition area is set up to relax the fo recast variables.This ensures that the forecast variables of the coarse model may transit to those of fine grid gradually,which enhances the model stability.By using this model,a number of hindcasts and forecast are performed for six severe storm surges caused by tropical cyclones in the East China Sea.The results show good agreement with the observations.
Anested numerical storm surge forecast model for the East China Sea is developed.A one-way relaxing nest method is used to exchange the information between coarse grid and fine grid.In the inner boundary of the fine grid model a transition area is set up to relax the fo recast variables.This ensures that the forecast variables of the coarse model may transit to those of fine grid gradually,which enhances the model stability.By using this model,a number of hindcasts and forecast are performed for six severe storm surges caused by tropical cyclones in the East China Sea.The results show good agreement with the observations.
2002, 24(4): 34-43.
Abstract:
In February and September 1998,concentrations of nutrients(NO3-,NH4+,NO2- and PO43-),velocity and direction were continuously observed at freshwater end-member in the Changjiang Estuary.The results are as follows:Spatio-temporal variation of concentrations of NO3-,NO2-,NH4+ and PO43- are very complicated.In February 1998,the fluxes of NO3-,NO2-,NH4+ and PO43- are 168 241,974.4,19 335 and 2 648 t,respectively.In September 1998,the fluxes of NO3-,NO2-,NH4+ and PO43- are 905 678,8 317,5 797 and 6 281t,respectively.In 1998,the fluxes of NO3-,NO2-,NH4+ and PO43- are 4 971,39.11,102.2 and 41.55 kt,respectively.
In February and September 1998,concentrations of nutrients(NO3-,NH4+,NO2- and PO43-),velocity and direction were continuously observed at freshwater end-member in the Changjiang Estuary.The results are as follows:Spatio-temporal variation of concentrations of NO3-,NO2-,NH4+ and PO43- are very complicated.In February 1998,the fluxes of NO3-,NO2-,NH4+ and PO43- are 168 241,974.4,19 335 and 2 648 t,respectively.In September 1998,the fluxes of NO3-,NO2-,NH4+ and PO43- are 905 678,8 317,5 797 and 6 281t,respectively.In 1998,the fluxes of NO3-,NO2-,NH4+ and PO43- are 4 971,39.11,102.2 and 41.55 kt,respectively.
2002, 24(4): 44-50.
Abstract:
A total of 106 surface water samples was collected in the South China Sea during two transects in June and December 1998.The samples were collected with strictly contamination free procedure and trace metals were mea sured by clean laboratory methods and GFAAS.The mean concentrations for the dissolved fractions are Cu 0.100μg/dm3,Pb 0.060μg/dm3,Zn 0.086μg/dm3,Cd 0.007μg/dm3,which is close to the world open oceans level. The spatial distribution of trace heavy metals shows higher concentrations in offshore area and lower concentrations in the central South China Sea,and the concentrations decrease with the distance from the offshore,which sugg ests the existence of significant continental shelf input of trace heavy metals.The correlationship among the elements is better in summer than that in winter.Cu is positively co rrelated with Cd in the two seasons and it is also found for the first time that they are positively correlated with nutrients in the South China Sea surface waters,which further indicate the biogeochemical cycle of these elements in the marine environment.The baseline value of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd in the South China Sea surface waters is obtained through statistical analysis.
A total of 106 surface water samples was collected in the South China Sea during two transects in June and December 1998.The samples were collected with strictly contamination free procedure and trace metals were mea sured by clean laboratory methods and GFAAS.The mean concentrations for the dissolved fractions are Cu 0.100μg/dm3,Pb 0.060μg/dm3,Zn 0.086μg/dm3,Cd 0.007μg/dm3,which is close to the world open oceans level. The spatial distribution of trace heavy metals shows higher concentrations in offshore area and lower concentrations in the central South China Sea,and the concentrations decrease with the distance from the offshore,which sugg ests the existence of significant continental shelf input of trace heavy metals.The correlationship among the elements is better in summer than that in winter.Cu is positively co rrelated with Cd in the two seasons and it is also found for the first time that they are positively correlated with nutrients in the South China Sea surface waters,which further indicate the biogeochemical cycle of these elements in the marine environment.The baseline value of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd in the South China Sea surface waters is obtained through statistical analysis.
2002, 24(4): 51-57.
Abstract:
Based on the test data under dynamic water and static water,main factors which influence the fine sediment flocculation are analyzed using the relative analysis theory of the gray model analysis.It is pointed out that the main influencing factors are water temperature,settling time,salinity,grain size,sediment concentration and current velocity according to relevant values.In those factors,the salinity and the sediment grain size are critical type influencing factors,but the settling time,the sediment concentration and the velocity are continuous influencing factors,and the water temperature has char acteristics of both the critical type and continuous type.When the critical values of the critical type influencing factors are reached or exceeded,the fine sediments are flocculated but the values do not influence the settling strength of the floc.The influence of the continuous type influencing factors is continuous.They not only influence the flocculation but also the settling strength of the floc.
Based on the test data under dynamic water and static water,main factors which influence the fine sediment flocculation are analyzed using the relative analysis theory of the gray model analysis.It is pointed out that the main influencing factors are water temperature,settling time,salinity,grain size,sediment concentration and current velocity according to relevant values.In those factors,the salinity and the sediment grain size are critical type influencing factors,but the settling time,the sediment concentration and the velocity are continuous influencing factors,and the water temperature has char acteristics of both the critical type and continuous type.When the critical values of the critical type influencing factors are reached or exceeded,the fine sediments are flocculated but the values do not influence the settling strength of the floc.The influence of the continuous type influencing factors is continuous.They not only influence the flocculation but also the settling strength of the floc.
2002, 24(4): 58-67.
Abstract:
The bases of the view point of higher sea-level in 6 000 aBP and sea-level fluctuation since then are the shell ridges on the west coast of the Bohai Sea,beachrock and coral reefs on South China coast,the Holocene stratigraphic section at Biaokou Village,Ninghe County,Tianjin Municipality and Qingfeng section in Jianhu County, Jiangsu Province.However,the above data cannot provide such evidences,because the coral reef,oyster reef,shell ridge,beachrock and tidal flat deposits cannot provide information of such accurate sea-level changes.
The bases of the view point of higher sea-level in 6 000 aBP and sea-level fluctuation since then are the shell ridges on the west coast of the Bohai Sea,beachrock and coral reefs on South China coast,the Holocene stratigraphic section at Biaokou Village,Ninghe County,Tianjin Municipality and Qingfeng section in Jianhu County, Jiangsu Province.However,the above data cannot provide such evidences,because the coral reef,oyster reef,shell ridge,beachrock and tidal flat deposits cannot provide information of such accurate sea-level changes.
2002, 24(4): 68-75.
Abstract:
Polymetallic nodule's cover age data are used,which are calculated from the deep-tow system's optical image of the nodules,and based on the phase splitting of the poly metallic nodule's coverage in the east and west zones of China Pioneer Area in the East Pacific,the coverage's total length and average length which have continuous distribution of each phase,and the transitional changes between phase and phase are studied.The results show that the continuous distributing characteristics of the nodule's coverage between the east and west zones in China Pioneer Area of polymetallic nodules have obvious discrepancy.
Polymetallic nodule's cover age data are used,which are calculated from the deep-tow system's optical image of the nodules,and based on the phase splitting of the poly metallic nodule's coverage in the east and west zones of China Pioneer Area in the East Pacific,the coverage's total length and average length which have continuous distribution of each phase,and the transitional changes between phase and phase are studied.The results show that the continuous distributing characteristics of the nodule's coverage between the east and west zones in China Pioneer Area of polymetallic nodules have obvious discrepancy.
2002, 24(4): 76-81.
Abstract:
Data are basic element of GIS(geographic information system).Organizing methods of spatial data for the regional geology of the Bohai Sea are proposed.These met hods include data standard,such as classifying,layering,naming and how to form spatial database,attribute database and the relation among them.With a basic table, the problem of coding expanded data can be easily resolved.Based on the result of methods,a new data model is given.
Data are basic element of GIS(geographic information system).Organizing methods of spatial data for the regional geology of the Bohai Sea are proposed.These met hods include data standard,such as classifying,layering,naming and how to form spatial database,attribute database and the relation among them.With a basic table, the problem of coding expanded data can be easily resolved.Based on the result of methods,a new data model is given.
2002, 24(4): 82-91.
Abstract:
A new green fluor escent protein gene-gfpxm was isolated from jellyfish Aequorea macrodactyla in the coastal region of East China Sea by the method of combination of PCR amplification and southern hybridization analysis.The gfpxm gene contains three extrons and two introns spread over 1042 bp of genomic DNA,the entire coding region of cDNAis 717 bp,being identical to the wild-type gfp-Aeqgfp 10 cDNA in length.The amino acid sequence of GFPxm deduced from the nucleotide sequence is 238-aa-residue,sharing homology of 83.6% with that of AeqGFP10.The entire coding sequence was cloned into the pTO-T7 expression vector and expressed in Ecoli. The expression yield of GFPxm was amounted to 50% of the total protein.Compared with GFP of Avictoria,the expressed GFPxm exhibited an excitation peak at a higher wave length of 476nm and an emission peak at a lower wave length 496 nm with a higher quantum yield of 10.The fluorescence of GFPxm is significant stable,showing strong resistant to heat,alkaline,denaturants and salts.
A new green fluor escent protein gene-gfpxm was isolated from jellyfish Aequorea macrodactyla in the coastal region of East China Sea by the method of combination of PCR amplification and southern hybridization analysis.The gfpxm gene contains three extrons and two introns spread over 1042 bp of genomic DNA,the entire coding region of cDNAis 717 bp,being identical to the wild-type gfp-Aeqgfp 10 cDNA in length.The amino acid sequence of GFPxm deduced from the nucleotide sequence is 238-aa-residue,sharing homology of 83.6% with that of AeqGFP10.The entire coding sequence was cloned into the pTO-T7 expression vector and expressed in Ecoli. The expression yield of GFPxm was amounted to 50% of the total protein.Compared with GFP of Avictoria,the expressed GFPxm exhibited an excitation peak at a higher wave length of 476nm and an emission peak at a lower wave length 496 nm with a higher quantum yield of 10.The fluorescence of GFPxm is significant stable,showing strong resistant to heat,alkaline,denaturants and salts.
2002, 24(4): 92-104.
Abstract:
An extensive 3-dimensional model test program has been performed to study the effects of wave obliquity and multi-directionality on the stability of armourunits on rubble-mound breakwater.Four types of armour units: dolosse,Accropods,hollow-square and stones are tested under five angles of wave attack:0°,15°,30°,45° and 60° for both long-crested waves and directional waves.A method is proposed to take into account the effects of wave obliquity and multi-directionality on the armour unit stability.
An extensive 3-dimensional model test program has been performed to study the effects of wave obliquity and multi-directionality on the stability of armourunits on rubble-mound breakwater.Four types of armour units: dolosse,Accropods,hollow-square and stones are tested under five angles of wave attack:0°,15°,30°,45° and 60° for both long-crested waves and directional waves.A method is proposed to take into account the effects of wave obliquity and multi-directionality on the armour unit stability.
2002, 24(4): 105-110.
Abstract:
The partial standing wave hydraulic performance in front of breakwater is studied by a two-dimensional numerical wave flume.In this numerical model,Nav ier-Stokes equation is chosen as the basic equation and discretized by the finite elements method.Several typical cases,such as standing wave invertical breakwater,partial standing wave in front of vertical breakw ater when wave overtopped,and partial standing wave in front of sloping structure,are simulated firstly.Combining these typical situations,the partial standing wave in front of a chamfered breakwater is simulated.The wave profile,the position of wave nodes and anti-nodes and wave pressures of this reflected wave are studied with the simulation results.
The partial standing wave hydraulic performance in front of breakwater is studied by a two-dimensional numerical wave flume.In this numerical model,Nav ier-Stokes equation is chosen as the basic equation and discretized by the finite elements method.Several typical cases,such as standing wave invertical breakwater,partial standing wave in front of vertical breakw ater when wave overtopped,and partial standing wave in front of sloping structure,are simulated firstly.Combining these typical situations,the partial standing wave in front of a chamfered breakwater is simulated.The wave profile,the position of wave nodes and anti-nodes and wave pressures of this reflected wave are studied with the simulation results.
2002, 24(4): 111-117.
Abstract:
2002, 24(4): 118-126.
Abstract:
2002, 24(4): 127-131.
Abstract:
2002, 24(4): 132-135.
Abstract:
Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) of Neobenedenia melleni from cultured marine fishes
2002, 24(4): 136-140.
Abstract:
2002, 24(4): 141-144.
Abstract:
2002, 24(4): 145-148.
Abstract:
Email alert
RSS