2000 Vol. 22, No. 5
Display Method:
2000, 22(5): 1-12.
Abstract:
A 3-D numerical model is set up in a large domain covering the Hangzhou Bay and Changjiang Estuary based on ECOM-si model in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates.The numerical schemes for the baroclinic gradient terms and connective terms are improved according to the characteristics of velocity field and mass transport in the area.The model is validated by simulating residual currents and salinity transport in the Hangzhou Bay and the Changjiang Estuary.
A 3-D numerical model is set up in a large domain covering the Hangzhou Bay and Changjiang Estuary based on ECOM-si model in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates.The numerical schemes for the baroclinic gradient terms and connective terms are improved according to the characteristics of velocity field and mass transport in the area.The model is validated by simulating residual currents and salinity transport in the Hangzhou Bay and the Changjiang Estuary.
2000, 22(5): 13-22.
Abstract:
Based on the standard curve of wind wave growth presented by Wen et al.and nondimensional methods generally used by researchers,the model of the response of wave direction to changing wind direction derived theoretically is expressed a form used in the data analysis and tested and compared with Holthuijsen's observations and Gao's WAM numerical model results separately.The results show that the theoretical result presented here is closer to the observations than other calculations.
Based on the standard curve of wind wave growth presented by Wen et al.and nondimensional methods generally used by researchers,the model of the response of wave direction to changing wind direction derived theoretically is expressed a form used in the data analysis and tested and compared with Holthuijsen's observations and Gao's WAM numerical model results separately.The results show that the theoretical result presented here is closer to the observations than other calculations.
2000, 22(5): 23-30.
Abstract:
CTD temperature,salinity and current data,which were observed by R/V Shiyan No.3 during the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) intensive observational period(IOP),have been analyzed,showing some results of observations at a mooring station located in the vicinity of continental slope off in the south of Dongsha Islands.The dynamic and thermodynamic structures and their changes are analyzed to describe the upper ocean variation at the northern south China Sea area during the summer monsoon onset and maintaining periads.The response of near-surface water temperature,salinity and current to local sea surface winds are also discussed.
CTD temperature,salinity and current data,which were observed by R/V Shiyan No.3 during the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) intensive observational period(IOP),have been analyzed,showing some results of observations at a mooring station located in the vicinity of continental slope off in the south of Dongsha Islands.The dynamic and thermodynamic structures and their changes are analyzed to describe the upper ocean variation at the northern south China Sea area during the summer monsoon onset and maintaining periads.The response of near-surface water temperature,salinity and current to local sea surface winds are also discussed.
2000, 22(5): 31-40.
Abstract:
Application of Bayesian statistical method to the analysis of directional spectrum of wind waves is presented in detail.It is pointed out that the difference of prior distributions has no influence on the estimated results,and there is some speciality for even distribution due to its corresponding to maximum entropy principle.The effectivity of Bayesian statistical method on the estimation of bimodal distribution is shown by numerical simulation.Through the analysis of Black Sea data,it is demonstrated that whether or not a bimodal distribution depends strongly on the estimating methods and the truthfulness of bimodal distribution obtained by the maximum likelihood method is doubted.A possible physical explaination for emergence of bimodal distribution is presented finally.
Application of Bayesian statistical method to the analysis of directional spectrum of wind waves is presented in detail.It is pointed out that the difference of prior distributions has no influence on the estimated results,and there is some speciality for even distribution due to its corresponding to maximum entropy principle.The effectivity of Bayesian statistical method on the estimation of bimodal distribution is shown by numerical simulation.Through the analysis of Black Sea data,it is demonstrated that whether or not a bimodal distribution depends strongly on the estimating methods and the truthfulness of bimodal distribution obtained by the maximum likelihood method is doubted.A possible physical explaination for emergence of bimodal distribution is presented finally.
2000, 22(5): 41-50.
Abstract:
A new method is developed to locate ground control points (GCPs) at sea.All points at the coastline,extracted by Roberts' edge operator from the first image,are taken as candidate points of GCPs.The counterpart points in the second image are found by correlation-relaxation (CR) technique.The accuracy of GCPs is guaranteed by a decision rule.The methods of average and interpolation are used to locate new GCPs at sea.A new transformation of geometric rectification is also developed with zero RMS error.The coordinates of the rectified image can be directly obtained from interpolation method instead of a 1st-order bivariate transformation.The above-mentioned approach can be used in dynamic monitoring and integrating of satellite data.
A new method is developed to locate ground control points (GCPs) at sea.All points at the coastline,extracted by Roberts' edge operator from the first image,are taken as candidate points of GCPs.The counterpart points in the second image are found by correlation-relaxation (CR) technique.The accuracy of GCPs is guaranteed by a decision rule.The methods of average and interpolation are used to locate new GCPs at sea.A new transformation of geometric rectification is also developed with zero RMS error.The coordinates of the rectified image can be directly obtained from interpolation method instead of a 1st-order bivariate transformation.The above-mentioned approach can be used in dynamic monitoring and integrating of satellite data.
2000, 22(5): 51-59.
Abstract:
A ctnss-flow ultrafiltration system,including a prefilter (0.22 μm),a Masterflex pump and a polysulfone hollow fiber 10 KDa ultrafiltration membrane (Amicon H10P10-20),is evaluated for its feasibility in sampling colloidal uranium,thorium,radium isotopes and organic carbon (0C) in seawater.The retention characteristics and sorptive potential of the 10 KDa ultrafilter are examined through laboratory experiments using a 40 KDa fluoresceintagged dextran and standard 234Th as tracers.The mass balance of 234U,238U,234Th,224Ra,226Ra and OC during ultrafiltration is also evaluated.The results show that the 10 KDa ultrafiltration membrane can indeed tetain the 40 KDa dextran with a retention coficient of 0.85.However,sorptive loss of the 40 KDa dextran to the system is 18%.Mass balance of uranium,thorium,radium isotopes and OC are excellent,with recoveries ranging from 95% to 98%,indicating that losses or contamination problems during ultrafiltration are minimal.The concentration of 234Th in the permeate,when plotted as a function of concentration factor,is found to fit an ultrafiltration permeation model.Percentage of colloids in the dissolved phase decreases as follows:thorium isotopes,organic carbon,radium isotopes about equaling uranium isotopes,which is consistent with their geochemical properties,i.e.,thorium is a particle-reactive nuclide while uranium and radium are more soluble in seawater.
A ctnss-flow ultrafiltration system,including a prefilter (0.22 μm),a Masterflex pump and a polysulfone hollow fiber 10 KDa ultrafiltration membrane (Amicon H10P10-20),is evaluated for its feasibility in sampling colloidal uranium,thorium,radium isotopes and organic carbon (0C) in seawater.The retention characteristics and sorptive potential of the 10 KDa ultrafilter are examined through laboratory experiments using a 40 KDa fluoresceintagged dextran and standard 234Th as tracers.The mass balance of 234U,238U,234Th,224Ra,226Ra and OC during ultrafiltration is also evaluated.The results show that the 10 KDa ultrafiltration membrane can indeed tetain the 40 KDa dextran with a retention coficient of 0.85.However,sorptive loss of the 40 KDa dextran to the system is 18%.Mass balance of uranium,thorium,radium isotopes and OC are excellent,with recoveries ranging from 95% to 98%,indicating that losses or contamination problems during ultrafiltration are minimal.The concentration of 234Th in the permeate,when plotted as a function of concentration factor,is found to fit an ultrafiltration permeation model.Percentage of colloids in the dissolved phase decreases as follows:thorium isotopes,organic carbon,radium isotopes about equaling uranium isotopes,which is consistent with their geochemical properties,i.e.,thorium is a particle-reactive nuclide while uranium and radium are more soluble in seawater.
2000, 22(5): 60-64.
Abstract:
δD and δ18O values in samples of meteoric water obtained in the West Pacific Ocean (7.5°～31°N,123°～ 132°E) during the autumn cruises of 1989 are measured.The results show that there are obviously different distribution features of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes between the survey area and middle and high-latitude areas.A gradient variation of δ value along the direction of the monsoon is exhibited in the survey area in the West Pacific Ocean,which can be attributed to Releigh isotope fractionation of the cloud mass.The δD and δ18O distributions of meteoric water may reflect the general feature of the monsoon flow path.
δD and δ18O values in samples of meteoric water obtained in the West Pacific Ocean (7.5°～31°N,123°～ 132°E) during the autumn cruises of 1989 are measured.The results show that there are obviously different distribution features of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes between the survey area and middle and high-latitude areas.A gradient variation of δ value along the direction of the monsoon is exhibited in the survey area in the West Pacific Ocean,which can be attributed to Releigh isotope fractionation of the cloud mass.The δD and δ18O distributions of meteoric water may reflect the general feature of the monsoon flow path.
2000, 22(5): 65-72.
Abstract:
Aiming at the Simrad deep-tow system and the deep-tow system co-developed by Shanghai Jiaotong University and DOE Company of USA,the software which calculates the polymotallic nodule's coverage,grain size and abundance from deep-tow's optic image is developed independently.The methods of the geometrical revision of the deep-tow altitude and the calculation of the grain size are put forward,The correlation of the nodule's abundance with coverage and grain size of the Pacific China's polymetallic nodule in the east area and the west area is analysed,and the mathematic pattern to calculate the polymetallic nodule's abundance from the deep-tow system's optic image is established.
Aiming at the Simrad deep-tow system and the deep-tow system co-developed by Shanghai Jiaotong University and DOE Company of USA,the software which calculates the polymotallic nodule's coverage,grain size and abundance from deep-tow's optic image is developed independently.The methods of the geometrical revision of the deep-tow altitude and the calculation of the grain size are put forward,The correlation of the nodule's abundance with coverage and grain size of the Pacific China's polymetallic nodule in the east area and the west area is analysed,and the mathematic pattern to calculate the polymetallic nodule's abundance from the deep-tow system's optic image is established.
2000, 22(5): 73-81.
Abstract:
The stromatulite coats,surface types and distribution rules at deep-sea manganese nodules are studied in detail and explained reasonably.It is suggested that microbes constructing stromatolite,water dynamic condition and oxygen content in water body decide the morphology characteristics of stromatolites and surface types of nodules.It is the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) that makes the change at energy environment of bottom water body and variety of microbes.The results provide scientific basis for manganese nodules' distribution rule and metallogenic prognosis.
The stromatulite coats,surface types and distribution rules at deep-sea manganese nodules are studied in detail and explained reasonably.It is suggested that microbes constructing stromatolite,water dynamic condition and oxygen content in water body decide the morphology characteristics of stromatolites and surface types of nodules.It is the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) that makes the change at energy environment of bottom water body and variety of microbes.The results provide scientific basis for manganese nodules' distribution rule and metallogenic prognosis.
2000, 22(5): 82-87.
Abstract:
RAPD method is explored to investigate the genetic variation between cultivated population(CP) and natural population(NP) of mullet (Liza haematocheila) distributed in waters of the Huanghe River Estuary.Using 11 decamer random primers,112 RAPD sites are detected in the 39 fishes.The high percentage of polymorphic sites 83.93% in CP,85.71% in NP) and the high genetic diversity index (H) (0.212 4 in CP,0.2271 in NP) show rich genetic diversity in the two mullet populations.The big genetic similarity index (F=92.82%) and the small genetic distance (D=0.0718) indicate that there is not obvious genetis differentiation between the two populations,which suggests that aquaculture has generated little reduction in genetic diversity of mullet in this area.The results suggest that aquaculture of mulleta will be a promising industry in the area of the Huanghe River Estuary.
RAPD method is explored to investigate the genetic variation between cultivated population(CP) and natural population(NP) of mullet (Liza haematocheila) distributed in waters of the Huanghe River Estuary.Using 11 decamer random primers,112 RAPD sites are detected in the 39 fishes.The high percentage of polymorphic sites 83.93% in CP,85.71% in NP) and the high genetic diversity index (H) (0.212 4 in CP,0.2271 in NP) show rich genetic diversity in the two mullet populations.The big genetic similarity index (F=92.82%) and the small genetic distance (D=0.0718) indicate that there is not obvious genetis differentiation between the two populations,which suggests that aquaculture has generated little reduction in genetic diversity of mullet in this area.The results suggest that aquaculture of mulleta will be a promising industry in the area of the Huanghe River Estuary.
2000, 22(5): 88-93.
Abstract:
Genetic diversities of 32 individuals of P.Chinensis in the China's coastal waters of the Huanghai and Bohai Seas are detected by RAPD technique.20 decamer primers of OPI are used for DNA amplification for each individual.The results show that of reproducible fingerprints 17 primers are obtained,and the bands are clear.39 of 106 loci detected are polymorphic,amounting to 36.8%.Mean genetic distance is 0.094±0.0206; 68 markers (63.2% of the total) show stable homogeneity in all of the 32 individuals.
Genetic diversities of 32 individuals of P.Chinensis in the China's coastal waters of the Huanghai and Bohai Seas are detected by RAPD technique.20 decamer primers of OPI are used for DNA amplification for each individual.The results show that of reproducible fingerprints 17 primers are obtained,and the bands are clear.39 of 106 loci detected are polymorphic,amounting to 36.8%.Mean genetic distance is 0.094±0.0206; 68 markers (63.2% of the total) show stable homogeneity in all of the 32 individuals.
2000, 22(5): 94-99.
Abstract:
The extracellular products of Vibrio parahaemolyticus,V.Alginolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila,which were isolated from diseased Penaeus monodon in Tong'an from June to August 1997,are extracted and investigated.Composition of extracellular enzymes from these three bacteria is detected.Among them,protease and phospholiase,including both acidic phospholiase and alkine phospholiase,are chosen to do quantitative analysis on their activities.These three kinds of the above enzymes extracted from cultures of V.Parahaemolyticus are more active than those of the others.Bacterial extracellular products are used to do lethal experiments by injecting to the healthy P.Monodon.Conforming to the result of activity of protease and phospholiase,lethal action of V.Parahaemolyticus' is the strongest and that of V.Alginolyticus' is the weakest.The pathological variations of dying shrimps' livers in the lethal experiments are observed by transmit electron microscope (TEM).Cells of those shrimps' livers show to be destroyed at different extents,for example,nuclear core of some cells disappeared and nuclear membrane are wrecked,mitochondria ave destroyed,even the whole cell is disintegrated.It is showed that not only extracellular products of these three strains are poisonous and could be mortal to shrimps,but also the activities of protease and phospholiase in extracellular products of pathogen are related to toxicity of these three strains.
The extracellular products of Vibrio parahaemolyticus,V.Alginolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila,which were isolated from diseased Penaeus monodon in Tong'an from June to August 1997,are extracted and investigated.Composition of extracellular enzymes from these three bacteria is detected.Among them,protease and phospholiase,including both acidic phospholiase and alkine phospholiase,are chosen to do quantitative analysis on their activities.These three kinds of the above enzymes extracted from cultures of V.Parahaemolyticus are more active than those of the others.Bacterial extracellular products are used to do lethal experiments by injecting to the healthy P.Monodon.Conforming to the result of activity of protease and phospholiase,lethal action of V.Parahaemolyticus' is the strongest and that of V.Alginolyticus' is the weakest.The pathological variations of dying shrimps' livers in the lethal experiments are observed by transmit electron microscope (TEM).Cells of those shrimps' livers show to be destroyed at different extents,for example,nuclear core of some cells disappeared and nuclear membrane are wrecked,mitochondria ave destroyed,even the whole cell is disintegrated.It is showed that not only extracellular products of these three strains are poisonous and could be mortal to shrimps,but also the activities of protease and phospholiase in extracellular products of pathogen are related to toxicity of these three strains.
2000, 22(5): 100-105.
Abstract:
Twenty dead finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) are got from the coastal waters between Xiamen and Zhangpu,Fujian Province.According to the prickles on the back,it is obvious that two subspecies.N.P.Phocaenoides (81.0%) and N.P.Sunameri (19.0%) occur simultaneously in this area.The morphology and population structure are studied,and blubber and inner organs are weighed.Furthermore,the stomach contents are analyzed carefully.
Twenty dead finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) are got from the coastal waters between Xiamen and Zhangpu,Fujian Province.According to the prickles on the back,it is obvious that two subspecies.N.P.Phocaenoides (81.0%) and N.P.Sunameri (19.0%) occur simultaneously in this area.The morphology and population structure are studied,and blubber and inner organs are weighed.Furthermore,the stomach contents are analyzed carefully.
2000, 22(5): 106-114.
Abstract:
Based on the evolution equation for water waves,a mathematical model for wave propagation in large mild-slope areas is derived.The model is solved by the finite difference method with the staggered grid system.The computational results are in good agreement with experimental data and show that better results with relatively coarser grids can also be obtained by the model.The model can be used to simulate water wave propagation in large coastal areas and can be efficiently solved with little programming effort.
Based on the evolution equation for water waves,a mathematical model for wave propagation in large mild-slope areas is derived.The model is solved by the finite difference method with the staggered grid system.The computational results are in good agreement with experimental data and show that better results with relatively coarser grids can also be obtained by the model.The model can be used to simulate water wave propagation in large coastal areas and can be efficiently solved with little programming effort.
2000, 22(5): 115-123.
Abstract:
An improvement method has been investigated for the practical application of nearshore current analysis using Hardy-Cross method.For this purpose,applications of concentric rectangular circuit correction,initial value insertion using coarse grid,and multi-grid method are introduced.As a result,it is dearly understood that the slow -convergence problem of Hardy-Cross method can be solved with much accuracy.
An improvement method has been investigated for the practical application of nearshore current analysis using Hardy-Cross method.For this purpose,applications of concentric rectangular circuit correction,initial value insertion using coarse grid,and multi-grid method are introduced.As a result,it is dearly understood that the slow -convergence problem of Hardy-Cross method can be solved with much accuracy.
2000, 22(5): 124-132.
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2000, 22(5): 133-136.
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2000, 22(5): 137-140.
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2000, 22(5): 141-144.
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