2000 Vol. 22, No. 2
Display Method:
2000, 22(2): 1-8.
Abstract:
Some New data of CTD and ADCP, observed along PR21 Sections in the Luzon Strait, are analyzed and calculated. It is proved again that there always are zonal currents in the Luzon Strait, but the zonal currents are great varearions in the synoptic time scale. The monthly averages 0(the zonal geostrophic current velocity and transport of upper layer ocean in the Luzon Strait are calculated based on sea surface height from 1992 to 1996, which is the output of the ocean circulation model with high resolution. Those results reveal that in the Luzon Strait, the zonal currents [inflow and outflow from the South China Sea (SCS)] clear appear above 500 m; the greater current speed appears above 200 m; the average of the current speed is 50 cm/s, and the maximum current speed is above 80 cm/s, below 500 m the current speed is less than 10 cm/s. The monthly average inflow from the Pacific to the locates at the middle and the south of the strait, and its maximum current speed is about 50 cm/s and appears irt the Nov. The monthly average outflow from the SCS to the Pacific locates at the north and south of the strait, and its maximum current speed is about 50 cm/s and appears in the Nov. Too. It is related with the Bifurcation of the North Equatiorial Current, which locates at the most north (15°N) in autumn and the most south (14°N) in spring. The monthly averaga transport of the inflow and outflow are 10×106 m3/s and 5×106m3/s, respectively. When the predominant wind is the northeaster (from Oct. To Feb.), the inflow transport is larger than outflow, the difference between inflow and outflow is 8×106 m3/s;but it is only about 3×106 m3/s in other seaaons. It means that the more water outflows from other straits in south of the SCS.
Some New data of CTD and ADCP, observed along PR21 Sections in the Luzon Strait, are analyzed and calculated. It is proved again that there always are zonal currents in the Luzon Strait, but the zonal currents are great varearions in the synoptic time scale. The monthly averages 0(the zonal geostrophic current velocity and transport of upper layer ocean in the Luzon Strait are calculated based on sea surface height from 1992 to 1996, which is the output of the ocean circulation model with high resolution. Those results reveal that in the Luzon Strait, the zonal currents [inflow and outflow from the South China Sea (SCS)] clear appear above 500 m; the greater current speed appears above 200 m; the average of the current speed is 50 cm/s, and the maximum current speed is above 80 cm/s, below 500 m the current speed is less than 10 cm/s. The monthly average inflow from the Pacific to the locates at the middle and the south of the strait, and its maximum current speed is about 50 cm/s and appears irt the Nov. The monthly average outflow from the SCS to the Pacific locates at the north and south of the strait, and its maximum current speed is about 50 cm/s and appears in the Nov. Too. It is related with the Bifurcation of the North Equatiorial Current, which locates at the most north (15°N) in autumn and the most south (14°N) in spring. The monthly averaga transport of the inflow and outflow are 10×106 m3/s and 5×106m3/s, respectively. When the predominant wind is the northeaster (from Oct. To Feb.), the inflow transport is larger than outflow, the difference between inflow and outflow is 8×106 m3/s;but it is only about 3×106 m3/s in other seaaons. It means that the more water outflows from other straits in south of the SCS.
2000, 22(2): 9-15.
Abstract:
The hydrodynamics in the Weihe River Estuary is analyzed by using a set data measured from May 1997 and June 1998 respectively. The results show that the estuary is micro-tidal, dominated by the M2 component. The salinity is raised and the temperature is decreased, as well as the occasion of gravitational circulation is reduced, as the currents are cutted in the upstream of the estuary by a sluice gate.
The hydrodynamics in the Weihe River Estuary is analyzed by using a set data measured from May 1997 and June 1998 respectively. The results show that the estuary is micro-tidal, dominated by the M2 component. The salinity is raised and the temperature is decreased, as well as the occasion of gravitational circulation is reduced, as the currents are cutted in the upstream of the estuary by a sluice gate.
2000, 22(2): 16-24.
Abstract:
According to statistical test of ECMWF daily data from winter to summer, the seasonal rapid change (SRC) is found separately in April and June over the Northern Hemisphere. The features of April SRC and June SRC, including the distributions of optimal sensitivity perturbarion(DOSP), the early or late anomaly and the DOSP for each of them are studied based on adjoint sensitivity analysis theory. The results provide us with some new insight into the most significant influential factors of SRC. It also demonstrates the great potential of further applications of this method in oceanic and atmcepherlc circulation diagnostics.
According to statistical test of ECMWF daily data from winter to summer, the seasonal rapid change (SRC) is found separately in April and June over the Northern Hemisphere. The features of April SRC and June SRC, including the distributions of optimal sensitivity perturbarion(DOSP), the early or late anomaly and the DOSP for each of them are studied based on adjoint sensitivity analysis theory. The results provide us with some new insight into the most significant influential factors of SRC. It also demonstrates the great potential of further applications of this method in oceanic and atmcepherlc circulation diagnostics.
2000, 22(2): 25-34.
Abstract:
The distnburion patterns of correlation between the summer precipitation in the Southeast China and the latent heat flux(LHF)over the South China Sea(SCS)in the preceding winter, spring and simultaneous summer are analyzed by use of the singular value decomposition(SVD) and the empirical orthogonal function(EOF), the "key regions" are found from the distribution patterns, the reliability of the high correlation regions are discussed. The results show that there exists close relationship between the summer precipitation in the Southeast China and the LHF over the SCS, especially the higher correlation between the LHF in the preceding spring and the simultaneous summer and the precipitation. There is apparent negative correlation between the LHF over the northern SCS in the preceding winter and the summer precipitation in South China and its coastal regions. In spring a strong positive correlation between the LHF over the middle SCS and the precipitation in the area from the south of the Changjiang River to South China coastal regions is found. In summer, the "key region" still exists over the middle SCS and has influence on precipitation in the corresponding period.
The distnburion patterns of correlation between the summer precipitation in the Southeast China and the latent heat flux(LHF)over the South China Sea(SCS)in the preceding winter, spring and simultaneous summer are analyzed by use of the singular value decomposition(SVD) and the empirical orthogonal function(EOF), the "key regions" are found from the distribution patterns, the reliability of the high correlation regions are discussed. The results show that there exists close relationship between the summer precipitation in the Southeast China and the LHF over the SCS, especially the higher correlation between the LHF in the preceding spring and the simultaneous summer and the precipitation. There is apparent negative correlation between the LHF over the northern SCS in the preceding winter and the summer precipitation in South China and its coastal regions. In spring a strong positive correlation between the LHF over the middle SCS and the precipitation in the area from the south of the Changjiang River to South China coastal regions is found. In summer, the "key region" still exists over the middle SCS and has influence on precipitation in the corresponding period.
2000, 22(2): 35-40.
Abstract:
The NOAA OLR data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis wind data at 850 hPa from 1979 to 1996 were used to analyze the characteristics of low-frequency oscillations (LFO) over the South China Sea (SCS) during the summer monsoon onset. It was demonstrated that the LFO over SCS was active in summer and had obvious interannual variability that was related with the monsoon onset over SCS. The LFO over SCS intensified after the monsoon onset. From 18 a composite analysis of and K*, we found that the monsoon onset over SCS was closely related with the eastward LFO propagation over the Indian Ocean and westward LFO propagation over the pacific Ocean, and the LFOs over Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean were linked together in SCS region during the monsoon onset over SCS.
The NOAA OLR data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis wind data at 850 hPa from 1979 to 1996 were used to analyze the characteristics of low-frequency oscillations (LFO) over the South China Sea (SCS) during the summer monsoon onset. It was demonstrated that the LFO over SCS was active in summer and had obvious interannual variability that was related with the monsoon onset over SCS. The LFO over SCS intensified after the monsoon onset. From 18 a composite analysis of and K*, we found that the monsoon onset over SCS was closely related with the eastward LFO propagation over the Indian Ocean and westward LFO propagation over the pacific Ocean, and the LFOs over Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean were linked together in SCS region during the monsoon onset over SCS.
2000, 22(2): 41-47.
Abstract:
Utilizing satellite remote sensing information, time-space attfihutes and conceptual system of time dimension in recent evolution of the sand spit of the Huanghe River's mouth are set forth. Using them, measurement of related parameters and topological analysis of sand spit spatial structure are developed, it is shown that during the later stage of development, the sand spit growth index is near 0. In terms of parallelogram rule, the sand spit of current path will extend more difficultly towards sea with reinforcement of Coriolis force and ocean dynamics when it reaches to the deep-water region. This work would be helpful for the imminent comprehensive haraessing in "manmade fiver branching-off" the Huanghe River's mouth.
Utilizing satellite remote sensing information, time-space attfihutes and conceptual system of time dimension in recent evolution of the sand spit of the Huanghe River's mouth are set forth. Using them, measurement of related parameters and topological analysis of sand spit spatial structure are developed, it is shown that during the later stage of development, the sand spit growth index is near 0. In terms of parallelogram rule, the sand spit of current path will extend more difficultly towards sea with reinforcement of Coriolis force and ocean dynamics when it reaches to the deep-water region. This work would be helpful for the imminent comprehensive haraessing in "manmade fiver branching-off" the Huanghe River's mouth.
2000, 22(2): 48-57.
Abstract:
The bidirectionality of water light field is one of the error sources of the ocean color models which nowcommonly are used to retrieve pigments' concentrations. As the launching of new generation ocean color sensors, e. g. SeaWiFS, or the coming MODIS, the goal of accuracy of ocean color sensing is now much higher than that of CZCS. The original minor factors, such as the bidirectionality of water-leaving radiance, become more important for retrieving algorithms. The results are based on the three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations, and some aspects that should be considered for in situ optical data collection and related remote sensor's calibration and validation activities, are proposed.
The bidirectionality of water light field is one of the error sources of the ocean color models which nowcommonly are used to retrieve pigments' concentrations. As the launching of new generation ocean color sensors, e. g. SeaWiFS, or the coming MODIS, the goal of accuracy of ocean color sensing is now much higher than that of CZCS. The original minor factors, such as the bidirectionality of water-leaving radiance, become more important for retrieving algorithms. The results are based on the three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations, and some aspects that should be considered for in situ optical data collection and related remote sensor's calibration and validation activities, are proposed.
2000, 22(2): 58-64.
Abstract:
The different formal fluorine in different parts of molting process of krill were analyzed by culture of antarctic krill(E. Superba). The results show that fluorine amount in cuticle is up to 90%, of total in the krill. During the krill molting process, the fluorine content in curicle and muscle vary alternatively. This is, the fluorine content in new cuticle and muscle is very lower after molted, the fluorine in krill comes from seawater by biological absorbed of the krill, and the absorbed fluorine by krill lost with the old cuticle at the end stage of molting process. Measwhile, the new molting process starts again. At the last the authors propose the fluorine enriching process model of antarctic krill.
The different formal fluorine in different parts of molting process of krill were analyzed by culture of antarctic krill(E. Superba). The results show that fluorine amount in cuticle is up to 90%, of total in the krill. During the krill molting process, the fluorine content in curicle and muscle vary alternatively. This is, the fluorine content in new cuticle and muscle is very lower after molted, the fluorine in krill comes from seawater by biological absorbed of the krill, and the absorbed fluorine by krill lost with the old cuticle at the end stage of molting process. Measwhile, the new molting process starts again. At the last the authors propose the fluorine enriching process model of antarctic krill.
2000, 22(2): 65-70.
Abstract:
The application of cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFF) techniques to separate colloidal organic carbon (COC) from truly dissoloved organic carbon (UOC) has been investigated, and both COC and UOC were determined by high temperature combustion method (HTC) and UV/persulphate method. It was found that CFF can separate COC from sea water quantitatively. The determination results by the HTC and UV/persulphate method for COC and UOC showed little difference, which suggested that the oxidation efficiency of the two methods is identical. Colloidal particles have not remarkable influence on the oxidation efficiency of UV/persulphate method.
The application of cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFF) techniques to separate colloidal organic carbon (COC) from truly dissoloved organic carbon (UOC) has been investigated, and both COC and UOC were determined by high temperature combustion method (HTC) and UV/persulphate method. It was found that CFF can separate COC from sea water quantitatively. The determination results by the HTC and UV/persulphate method for COC and UOC showed little difference, which suggested that the oxidation efficiency of the two methods is identical. Colloidal particles have not remarkable influence on the oxidation efficiency of UV/persulphate method.
2000, 22(2): 71-78.
Abstract:
It is great meaningful for regional study to ascertain and contrast terraces, but, it takes a lot of time and doing to do field surveying and drawing. Based on GIS, a new model and a new program for terrace analysis are established, and applied to the coast near Dalian, Liaodong Peninsula. The results indicate that the new method takes much less time and less work. Furthermore, it is more accurate and extremely visual.
It is great meaningful for regional study to ascertain and contrast terraces, but, it takes a lot of time and doing to do field surveying and drawing. Based on GIS, a new model and a new program for terrace analysis are established, and applied to the coast near Dalian, Liaodong Peninsula. The results indicate that the new method takes much less time and less work. Furthermore, it is more accurate and extremely visual.
2000, 22(2): 79-86.
Abstract:
Based on the measured hydyographic data, analyzed results of sampled sediment, and the bottom elevation data in the Jiantiao Harbor, the dynamic sedimentation processes and the balance mechanism of erosion and deposition are discussed. It is pointed out that the sediments are eroded during the spring tide and deposited during the neap tide, the bottom of the harbor is eroded and the tidal flat is deposited under the action of the tidal currents. With the change of the erosion and deposition in the space, the slope of the harbor coast is steeped and finally becomes, unbalanced, the slope of the coast slides and collapses, which results in the new balance botween the tidal flat and the harbor bottom.
Based on the measured hydyographic data, analyzed results of sampled sediment, and the bottom elevation data in the Jiantiao Harbor, the dynamic sedimentation processes and the balance mechanism of erosion and deposition are discussed. It is pointed out that the sediments are eroded during the spring tide and deposited during the neap tide, the bottom of the harbor is eroded and the tidal flat is deposited under the action of the tidal currents. With the change of the erosion and deposition in the space, the slope of the harbor coast is steeped and finally becomes, unbalanced, the slope of the coast slides and collapses, which results in the new balance botween the tidal flat and the harbor bottom.
2000, 22(2): 87-91.
Abstract:
Cellls were prepared from sea snail enzyme digests of Porphyra yezoensis Thalli. Crude extracts of total DNA were isolated from Porphyra cells lysed with SDS-Proteinase K solution. Total DNA was purified with glassmilk, the resulting DNA was of high quality, could be completely digested with restriction enzymes. So that it was also suitable for analyses of Southern hybridization, RFLP and AFLP, etc. DNA bands were clearly observed in the agarose gel electrophoresis patterns of total DNAs digested with EcoRI, PstI and HaeⅢ respectively. The presence of DNA bands in the electrophoresis patterns of total DNA showed that the nuclear genome of Porphyra yezoensis may be small. Unexpectedly, a plasmid-like DNA band (2.3Kb) was found in the alectrophoresis pattern of P. Yezoensis total DNA isolated with guanidinium thiocyanate-sarcosyl solution. This is a very simple and convenient method for plasmid-like DNA isolation.
Cellls were prepared from sea snail enzyme digests of Porphyra yezoensis Thalli. Crude extracts of total DNA were isolated from Porphyra cells lysed with SDS-Proteinase K solution. Total DNA was purified with glassmilk, the resulting DNA was of high quality, could be completely digested with restriction enzymes. So that it was also suitable for analyses of Southern hybridization, RFLP and AFLP, etc. DNA bands were clearly observed in the agarose gel electrophoresis patterns of total DNAs digested with EcoRI, PstI and HaeⅢ respectively. The presence of DNA bands in the electrophoresis patterns of total DNA showed that the nuclear genome of Porphyra yezoensis may be small. Unexpectedly, a plasmid-like DNA band (2.3Kb) was found in the alectrophoresis pattern of P. Yezoensis total DNA isolated with guanidinium thiocyanate-sarcosyl solution. This is a very simple and convenient method for plasmid-like DNA isolation.
2000, 22(2): 92-96.
Abstract:
Mugil so-iuy was exposed to benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene and their mixture of equal quantity, at concentration of 0.1, 1, 10, 20 μg/dm3 and 50μg/dm3 respectively. After 5 d, the DNA damage of the liver and the gill was measured respectivety by alkaline unwinding assay. The result showed that DNA damage of the liver was increased as the concentrations of pollutants increased. At the same concentrations, the mixture of benzo(a) pyrene and pyrene induced grarer damage to DNA than benzo(a) pyrene or pyrene separately did. The united effect of benzo(a) pyrene and pyrene would be potentiated.
Mugil so-iuy was exposed to benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene and their mixture of equal quantity, at concentration of 0.1, 1, 10, 20 μg/dm3 and 50μg/dm3 respectively. After 5 d, the DNA damage of the liver and the gill was measured respectivety by alkaline unwinding assay. The result showed that DNA damage of the liver was increased as the concentrations of pollutants increased. At the same concentrations, the mixture of benzo(a) pyrene and pyrene induced grarer damage to DNA than benzo(a) pyrene or pyrene separately did. The united effect of benzo(a) pyrene and pyrene would be potentiated.
2000, 22(2): 97-104.
Abstract:
The breeding cycle of Cymatium pileare can be separated into the following 4 stages: (1)pairing and copulation; (2)egg laying; (3)incubation and (4) larva departing from the spent egg capsules. The copulation usually rakes place 10～15 d before egg laying, and the egg laying season is from March to October when the water temperature is up to 22℃ in Sanya, Hainan Province. After egg laying, the mother C. Pileare will remain on the opening of the egg mass for incubation, which is essential for the fertilized eggs to develop. Temperature and salinity also play important roles in the development of fertilized eggs. At the favorable temperature of 22～30℃ and under the incubation of the mother C. Pilaare, the fertilized eggs need about 438 d degree centigrade of accumulating heat to develop into metamorphosed veliger larvae. The process of its larval development is similar to that of the other prosohranch gastropod, which includes: cleavage, blastula, archenteron and veliger larva stage.
The breeding cycle of Cymatium pileare can be separated into the following 4 stages: (1)pairing and copulation; (2)egg laying; (3)incubation and (4) larva departing from the spent egg capsules. The copulation usually rakes place 10～15 d before egg laying, and the egg laying season is from March to October when the water temperature is up to 22℃ in Sanya, Hainan Province. After egg laying, the mother C. Pileare will remain on the opening of the egg mass for incubation, which is essential for the fertilized eggs to develop. Temperature and salinity also play important roles in the development of fertilized eggs. At the favorable temperature of 22～30℃ and under the incubation of the mother C. Pilaare, the fertilized eggs need about 438 d degree centigrade of accumulating heat to develop into metamorphosed veliger larvae. The process of its larval development is similar to that of the other prosohranch gastropod, which includes: cleavage, blastula, archenteron and veliger larva stage.
2000, 22(2): 105-112.
Abstract:
A third-order diffracrion theory for the third-order wave loads is proposed. The method has been implemented for bodies of revolution with vertical axes, but the theory is also available for arbitrary bodies. A numerical examination is made to validate the numerical code by comparing the third-order force on a uniform cylinder. The method has also been used to compute the third-order moments.
A third-order diffracrion theory for the third-order wave loads is proposed. The method has been implemented for bodies of revolution with vertical axes, but the theory is also available for arbitrary bodies. A numerical examination is made to validate the numerical code by comparing the third-order force on a uniform cylinder. The method has also been used to compute the third-order moments.
2000, 22(2): 113-119.
Abstract:
Based on N-S equations, the depth-averaged stress-flux algebraic model is developed to simulate the ardsotropic transport and clispersico when hot water or pollutants are side-discharged into large body waters. The depth-averaged continuity, momentum and energy equations are employed, and the tide is asymmetric. The results show the changes of velocity field and pollutant density with the time and the space during one tidal period.
Based on N-S equations, the depth-averaged stress-flux algebraic model is developed to simulate the ardsotropic transport and clispersico when hot water or pollutants are side-discharged into large body waters. The depth-averaged continuity, momentum and energy equations are employed, and the tide is asymmetric. The results show the changes of velocity field and pollutant density with the time and the space during one tidal period.
2000, 22(2): 120-124.
Abstract:
A mathematical model on the reasonable layout of the pollution sources is established. The solution existences are also dicussed. The optimization algorithm establishad proves that the algorithm is valid with practical computation.
A mathematical model on the reasonable layout of the pollution sources is established. The solution existences are also dicussed. The optimization algorithm establishad proves that the algorithm is valid with practical computation.
2000, 22(2): 125-131.
Abstract:
2000, 22(2): 132-136.
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2000, 22(2): 137-141.
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2000, 22(2): 142-145.
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