2000 Vol. 22, No. 1
Display Method:
2000, 22(1): 1-16.
Abstract:
Some features of circulation in the southern Huanghai Sea (SHS) are analyzed on the basis of the observations of the China-Korea Joint Investigation of Ocean Circulation Dynamics in the SHS in the recent years and historical data.The main results are as follows:(1) The circulation in the SHS shows obvious seasonal variation.The basic patterns of the circulation are quite different in winter and summer.(2) The path and the strength of the Huanghai Warm Current (HWC) has certain interannual variations.Analyses indicate that the path of the HWC was obviously to the west of the trough in the winter of 1997,but went toward the north along the trough in the winter cd 1986.(3) The HWC is not a direct branch of the Tsushima Warm Current.The HWC water is a mixture of the Tsushima Warm Current water and the continental shelf water,but originates mainly from the frontal area west of Cheju-do.(4) The summertime circulations are basically composed of a hasinscale counterclockwise flow in both surface and bottom layers.However,several smaller cyclonic and anticyclonic systems appear in the larger couunterclockwise circulation.There is no obvious indications that the high temperature-salinity water enters into the eastern Huanghei Sea from the sea area adjacent to Cheju-do in the surface and bottom layer.
Some features of circulation in the southern Huanghai Sea (SHS) are analyzed on the basis of the observations of the China-Korea Joint Investigation of Ocean Circulation Dynamics in the SHS in the recent years and historical data.The main results are as follows:(1) The circulation in the SHS shows obvious seasonal variation.The basic patterns of the circulation are quite different in winter and summer.(2) The path and the strength of the Huanghai Warm Current (HWC) has certain interannual variations.Analyses indicate that the path of the HWC was obviously to the west of the trough in the winter of 1997,but went toward the north along the trough in the winter cd 1986.(3) The HWC is not a direct branch of the Tsushima Warm Current.The HWC water is a mixture of the Tsushima Warm Current water and the continental shelf water,but originates mainly from the frontal area west of Cheju-do.(4) The summertime circulations are basically composed of a hasinscale counterclockwise flow in both surface and bottom layers.However,several smaller cyclonic and anticyclonic systems appear in the larger couunterclockwise circulation.There is no obvious indications that the high temperature-salinity water enters into the eastern Huanghei Sea from the sea area adjacent to Cheju-do in the surface and bottom layer.
2000, 22(1): 17-26.
Abstract:
By using the LTD data obtained from the first cruise in the early spring of 1996 of "China-Korea Oecrm Circulation Dynamics and Material Transportation Joint Study on the Southern Huanghai Sea",the horizontal and vertical distributions of temperature,salinity and density are depicted,the analyses of water masses are made,and the formation mechanism of intermediate cold water (ICW) phenomenon which occurred in the sea area west of the Southern Huanghai Sea (34°～36°N,121°45'～124°E) is revealed as well.The resuhs also show that the Huanghai Sea Warn Current (YWW) in the surface regressed towards the Chejudo,and the Huanghai Sea Bottom Cold Water Mass (YC) began to form only in the sea area off the Qingdao.
By using the LTD data obtained from the first cruise in the early spring of 1996 of "China-Korea Oecrm Circulation Dynamics and Material Transportation Joint Study on the Southern Huanghai Sea",the horizontal and vertical distributions of temperature,salinity and density are depicted,the analyses of water masses are made,and the formation mechanism of intermediate cold water (ICW) phenomenon which occurred in the sea area west of the Southern Huanghai Sea (34°～36°N,121°45'～124°E) is revealed as well.The resuhs also show that the Huanghai Sea Warn Current (YWW) in the surface regressed towards the Chejudo,and the Huanghai Sea Bottom Cold Water Mass (YC) began to form only in the sea area off the Qingdao.
2000, 22(1): 27-34.
Abstract:
A numerical model is successfully used to simulate and analyze the multi-eddy system in the northern South China Sea in winter.The evoluation of multi-eddy system is affected by various factors:the baroclinic adjustment is the crucia[ one.Both the lateral boundary forcing and the realistic wind stress are important to the forming and maintaining of multi-eddy system.In order to illustrate the mechanism of evolution of the multi-eddy system,the vertical structures are analyzed in detail.The result of numerical modelling displays the dynamic evolution proeess of the multi-eddy system in tho northern South China Sea:an anticyclone appears with Kuroshio's intrusion in winter near the Bashi Strait; then it is advected by the large-scale circulation and goes forward to the west and the south,gradually splitting into an eddy array.With eneegy exchange with the background field,the anticyclone army disappears at the western boundary.It is indicated that the intrusion into the South China Sea of Kuroshio mainly appears in form of eddy.
A numerical model is successfully used to simulate and analyze the multi-eddy system in the northern South China Sea in winter.The evoluation of multi-eddy system is affected by various factors:the baroclinic adjustment is the crucia[ one.Both the lateral boundary forcing and the realistic wind stress are important to the forming and maintaining of multi-eddy system.In order to illustrate the mechanism of evolution of the multi-eddy system,the vertical structures are analyzed in detail.The result of numerical modelling displays the dynamic evolution proeess of the multi-eddy system in tho northern South China Sea:an anticyclone appears with Kuroshio's intrusion in winter near the Bashi Strait; then it is advected by the large-scale circulation and goes forward to the west and the south,gradually splitting into an eddy array.With eneegy exchange with the background field,the anticyclone army disappears at the western boundary.It is indicated that the intrusion into the South China Sea of Kuroshio mainly appears in form of eddy.
2000, 22(1): 35-42.
Abstract:
The recursive filter objective analysis method is failing in the category of empirical linear interpolation.It is a "successive approximation" system with the particular feature of locally varying scaling,making it especially appropriate for dealing with heterogeneous data.Attention is given to proper treatment of lateral boundaries,which pemnt its use in limited domains.This system provides estimates of input data quality that can be used for editing datssets before their distribution and for the weighting of data in application by other users.The application of this method for sea surface temperature fields is described in details here.
The recursive filter objective analysis method is failing in the category of empirical linear interpolation.It is a "successive approximation" system with the particular feature of locally varying scaling,making it especially appropriate for dealing with heterogeneous data.Attention is given to proper treatment of lateral boundaries,which pemnt its use in limited domains.This system provides estimates of input data quality that can be used for editing datssets before their distribution and for the weighting of data in application by other users.The application of this method for sea surface temperature fields is described in details here.
2000, 22(1): 43-51.
Abstract:
In the viewpoint that the oaral reef atolls' growth index of the Nanshe Islands is influenced by many factors,the measured remote sensing composite information including scmae mutually related factoes is divided inw 10 geographic events as N1,N2,…,N10,and the analysis of the atolls' information entropy is made.From the value of the entropy,the closed related factors with the index of the emerged atolls are shown.In proper order,the factors are reef top's area (0.319),lagoon's area (0.324),open-degree of atoll (0.336),trend of atoll (0.551).On the basis cd this work,a new description function of the emerged atoll growth index is proposed.This function can be used to identify the open type of Nansha atoll growth.
In the viewpoint that the oaral reef atolls' growth index of the Nanshe Islands is influenced by many factors,the measured remote sensing composite information including scmae mutually related factoes is divided inw 10 geographic events as N1,N2,…,N10,and the analysis of the atolls' information entropy is made.From the value of the entropy,the closed related factors with the index of the emerged atolls are shown.In proper order,the factors are reef top's area (0.319),lagoon's area (0.324),open-degree of atoll (0.336),trend of atoll (0.551).On the basis cd this work,a new description function of the emerged atoll growth index is proposed.This function can be used to identify the open type of Nansha atoll growth.
2000, 22(1): 52-61.
Abstract:
The sea surface temperature is estimated by the U37K value (the unsaturated ratio of alkenone) in sediment from the Okinawa Trough during the last 20000 a.They range from 15.9 to 96.2℃,the average is 22.9℃.The sea surface temperature in winter is 22℃.It indicates that the sea surface temperature from U37K is close to the above value.
The sea surface temperature is estimated by the U37K value (the unsaturated ratio of alkenone) in sediment from the Okinawa Trough during the last 20000 a.They range from 15.9 to 96.2℃,the average is 22.9℃.The sea surface temperature in winter is 22℃.It indicates that the sea surface temperature from U37K is close to the above value.
2000, 22(1): 62-68.
Abstract:
Total alkaline phosphatase activity(APA),phytoplankton APA,bacteria APA and free APA were measured by fluorometry during five cruises(August and November 1993,March,May and October 1994) in western Xiamen waters.Results showed that APA fluctuated obviously,total APA increased up to the highest in August,1993 [6.175 1 μg/(dm3·h)] and decreased down to the lowest in November,1993 [0.5677μg/(dm3·h)],the data also show that both phytoplankton and sea water ave the major carriers of alkaline phosphatase,contributing 44.7% and 40.596,respectively.Regression analysis indicates that controlling mechanism of APA is complicated,phosphorus,nitrate,dissolved oxygen,eheanieal oxygen demand,primary production and baterial production (BP) had significant effeets tm APA,in which BP is positive with APA while others negative with APA.The role of APA in phosphorus biogeothemical cyellng and possible application of APA as indicator of phosphorus concentration(such as limitation) are discussed.
Total alkaline phosphatase activity(APA),phytoplankton APA,bacteria APA and free APA were measured by fluorometry during five cruises(August and November 1993,March,May and October 1994) in western Xiamen waters.Results showed that APA fluctuated obviously,total APA increased up to the highest in August,1993 [6.175 1 μg/(dm3·h)] and decreased down to the lowest in November,1993 [0.5677μg/(dm3·h)],the data also show that both phytoplankton and sea water ave the major carriers of alkaline phosphatase,contributing 44.7% and 40.596,respectively.Regression analysis indicates that controlling mechanism of APA is complicated,phosphorus,nitrate,dissolved oxygen,eheanieal oxygen demand,primary production and baterial production (BP) had significant effeets tm APA,in which BP is positive with APA while others negative with APA.The role of APA in phosphorus biogeothemical cyellng and possible application of APA as indicator of phosphorus concentration(such as limitation) are discussed.
2000, 22(1): 69-75.
Abstract:
Fractal feature is found by analyzing the size of the manganese nodules from the east and west areas of the China Pioneer Area in the Pacific Ocean.The application of fractal analysis has upper and low limits.A determinant linear relationship of the small size manganese nodules is found though the fractal relationship doesn't exist.Linear equations of the space,size and weight distribution are found through fractat analysis.They are helpful for the mining machine design and the calculation of the reserves of manganese nodules.
Fractal feature is found by analyzing the size of the manganese nodules from the east and west areas of the China Pioneer Area in the Pacific Ocean.The application of fractal analysis has upper and low limits.A determinant linear relationship of the small size manganese nodules is found though the fractal relationship doesn't exist.Linear equations of the space,size and weight distribution are found through fractat analysis.They are helpful for the mining machine design and the calculation of the reserves of manganese nodules.
2000, 22(1): 76-83.
Abstract:
Three-axis size and weight measurement of manganese nodules collected by DY85-4 cruise are completed.Definite roles are found after size statistical distribution and fractal analyses of the sire and weight data.It offers a scientific basis for the design of mining machine.
Three-axis size and weight measurement of manganese nodules collected by DY85-4 cruise are completed.Definite roles are found after size statistical distribution and fractal analyses of the sire and weight data.It offers a scientific basis for the design of mining machine.
2000, 22(1): 84-92.
Abstract:
The Changjiang Estuary has a morphologic pattern that is characterized by three-order bifurcation and four distributary channels discharging into the sea.More stable hydrological process,richer riverine sediment supply and mesotidal environment are beneficial to formation and development of branching type in the Changjiang Estuary.Situation and change of the branching portion play a key role in evolution of downstream tributary channels.A review on change process of the branching portion in the south-north branches,the south-north channels and the south-north passages is made.There are scene common features in these portions.A combination mode of the branching portions that consists of 2～3 "plates" representing sand bodies and a series of "trenches" representing passways or ditches is summarized.Merging or separation of the plates and scouring or fiLling-up of the trenches have a significant influence on situation of bifurcation and evolution of tributary channels.
The Changjiang Estuary has a morphologic pattern that is characterized by three-order bifurcation and four distributary channels discharging into the sea.More stable hydrological process,richer riverine sediment supply and mesotidal environment are beneficial to formation and development of branching type in the Changjiang Estuary.Situation and change of the branching portion play a key role in evolution of downstream tributary channels.A review on change process of the branching portion in the south-north branches,the south-north channels and the south-north passages is made.There are scene common features in these portions.A combination mode of the branching portions that consists of 2～3 "plates" representing sand bodies and a series of "trenches" representing passways or ditches is summarized.Merging or separation of the plates and scouring or fiLling-up of the trenches have a significant influence on situation of bifurcation and evolution of tributary channels.
2000, 22(1): 93-101.
Abstract:
Based on the study of biological oceanographic characteristics of planktonic copepods in the waters north of Taiwan Province a Ⅱ-community characters,the relationshipe between various eootype indlcators and different water masses are discussed.The results show as follows:the abundance distributions of Undinula vulgaris and Eucalanus pileatus can indicate the seasonal ehanges and extending trends of the Taiwan Strait water.Euchaeta marina can refeet the influencing degree of the Kuroshio surface water.The distributions of tropic oceanic lower-temperature and high-saline species in the shelf area can indicate the scope of invading and upwelling of the Kuroshio subsurface water.The distributions of Calanus sinicus can reflect the seasonal difference of the coastal water expanding.Probably affected by transverse circulation in the shelf,Calaanus sinicus can extend to outshore area.Under this circumstance,the adaptability of the species for lower temperature causes its abundance to be higher in waters with relative low temperature.By researching the distributions of species of tropic oceanic Iow-temperature and high-saline group,it is found that the widespread distribution of Calannides carinatus in the shelf area in spring is probably because of the fact that the species occurs in the upwelling in Minnan-Taiwan Bank Fishing Ground waters in winter and then is carried forwards to north area with the Taiwan Strait water in spring.However,the occurrences of Calanoides carinatus and other two species of this group in the Iow layer of the slope show that the middle and deep waters possibly spring in the waters southeast of the survey area.
Based on the study of biological oceanographic characteristics of planktonic copepods in the waters north of Taiwan Province a Ⅱ-community characters,the relationshipe between various eootype indlcators and different water masses are discussed.The results show as follows:the abundance distributions of Undinula vulgaris and Eucalanus pileatus can indicate the seasonal ehanges and extending trends of the Taiwan Strait water.Euchaeta marina can refeet the influencing degree of the Kuroshio surface water.The distributions of tropic oceanic lower-temperature and high-saline species in the shelf area can indicate the scope of invading and upwelling of the Kuroshio subsurface water.The distributions of Calanus sinicus can reflect the seasonal difference of the coastal water expanding.Probably affected by transverse circulation in the shelf,Calaanus sinicus can extend to outshore area.Under this circumstance,the adaptability of the species for lower temperature causes its abundance to be higher in waters with relative low temperature.By researching the distributions of species of tropic oceanic Iow-temperature and high-saline group,it is found that the widespread distribution of Calannides carinatus in the shelf area in spring is probably because of the fact that the species occurs in the upwelling in Minnan-Taiwan Bank Fishing Ground waters in winter and then is carried forwards to north area with the Taiwan Strait water in spring.However,the occurrences of Calanoides carinatus and other two species of this group in the Iow layer of the slope show that the middle and deep waters possibly spring in the waters southeast of the survey area.
2000, 22(1): 102-109.
Abstract:
Based on phytoplankton cell measurement biomass from the cell volume,the net-phytoplankton measurement biomass in the Jiaozhou Bay is calculated,and the anniversary variety is compared with the cell counting result,the dominant species in the Jiaozhou Bay are analysed.It shows that,during the investigation,there are two cell concentration peaks (the main peak is in January 1996 and the vice peak is in September 1995),but the peak of the measurement from the cell volume appeared 0nly once (in August 1995); the dominant species analysis shows that the above-mentioned difference is from the difference of the phytoplankton community and phytoplankton cell volume during the investigation.The phytoplankton measuremem biomass estimated from the cell volume method is not only more precisely estimating the standing stock but also represents the energy flow at the phytoplankton community and population level.
Based on phytoplankton cell measurement biomass from the cell volume,the net-phytoplankton measurement biomass in the Jiaozhou Bay is calculated,and the anniversary variety is compared with the cell counting result,the dominant species in the Jiaozhou Bay are analysed.It shows that,during the investigation,there are two cell concentration peaks (the main peak is in January 1996 and the vice peak is in September 1995),but the peak of the measurement from the cell volume appeared 0nly once (in August 1995); the dominant species analysis shows that the above-mentioned difference is from the difference of the phytoplankton community and phytoplankton cell volume during the investigation.The phytoplankton measuremem biomass estimated from the cell volume method is not only more precisely estimating the standing stock but also represents the energy flow at the phytoplankton community and population level.
2000, 22(1): 110-116.
Abstract:
Iron supply has been proved to influenee phytoplankton biomass,growth rate and species composition as well as primary productivity in both high and low NO3- water.The effect of iron on photosynthesis,growth,and biochemical composition of Phaeodactytum tricornutum is studied with laboratory culture.The results show that the algae growth and photosynthetic rate are allotted obviously by the concentration of iron,5×10-7 mol/dm3 seems to bo the optimum saturated concentration of iron for photosynthesis.The content of biochemical component in Phaeodactylum tricornutum changes under different iron regimes.The increase of chl-a was most significant,ranges from 25% to 35%.Chl-c and carotenoids also increase at degrees less than that of chl-a.Carbohydrates and proteins increase by 5%～10% and 5%～15%,respectively.The activity of cell superoxide dismutase(SOD)and ratio of fluorescence before and after adding DCMU(Fd/F) also increase.Iron has been referred as a factor of limitation in ptimary productivity in the sea.
Iron supply has been proved to influenee phytoplankton biomass,growth rate and species composition as well as primary productivity in both high and low NO3- water.The effect of iron on photosynthesis,growth,and biochemical composition of Phaeodactytum tricornutum is studied with laboratory culture.The results show that the algae growth and photosynthetic rate are allotted obviously by the concentration of iron,5×10-7 mol/dm3 seems to bo the optimum saturated concentration of iron for photosynthesis.The content of biochemical component in Phaeodactylum tricornutum changes under different iron regimes.The increase of chl-a was most significant,ranges from 25% to 35%.Chl-c and carotenoids also increase at degrees less than that of chl-a.Carbohydrates and proteins increase by 5%～10% and 5%～15%,respectively.The activity of cell superoxide dismutase(SOD)and ratio of fluorescence before and after adding DCMU(Fd/F) also increase.Iron has been referred as a factor of limitation in ptimary productivity in the sea.
2000, 22(1): 117-124.
Abstract:
The systematic study has been made on the problems of wave,nearshore currents,sediment transport related to the coastal evolution of sand beach under the action of wave.Based on the results,the numerical model of sand beach evolution around a coastal structure has been established.To predict the bed topography,the sediment transport rates of bedload and suspended load under the action of wave and nearshore current as well as the effects of wave on the sediment ave considered.The sand beach evolutions which caused respectively by a breakwater and a settled ship near the shore are simulated.
The systematic study has been made on the problems of wave,nearshore currents,sediment transport related to the coastal evolution of sand beach under the action of wave.Based on the results,the numerical model of sand beach evolution around a coastal structure has been established.To predict the bed topography,the sediment transport rates of bedload and suspended load under the action of wave and nearshore current as well as the effects of wave on the sediment ave considered.The sand beach evolutions which caused respectively by a breakwater and a settled ship near the shore are simulated.
2000, 22(1): 125-130.
Abstract:
The modified version of the perabolic mild-slope equation is derived by the variational principle.The modified parabolic mild-slope equation is shown to be capable of describing for wave propagation over a bed consisting of substantial variations in water depth and to predict wave refraetion-diffraetiort with three-dimension topography.The modified parabolic mild-slope equation has been compared with parabolic mild-slope equation.Numerical examples demonstrate the practical applicability of the modified parabolic mild-slope equation.
The modified version of the perabolic mild-slope equation is derived by the variational principle.The modified parabolic mild-slope equation is shown to be capable of describing for wave propagation over a bed consisting of substantial variations in water depth and to predict wave refraetion-diffraetiort with three-dimension topography.The modified parabolic mild-slope equation has been compared with parabolic mild-slope equation.Numerical examples demonstrate the practical applicability of the modified parabolic mild-slope equation.
2000, 22(1): 131-135.
Abstract:
2000, 22(1): 136-140.
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2000, 22(1): 141-144.
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