1982 Vol. 4, No. 4
Display Method:
1982, 4(4): 391-403.
Abstract:
In the present paper, the data of sea-water temperature collected from 495 contimously-working observation stations was sorted out, with the emphasis on the description of sparse distribution and seasonal variation in daily range and the time in which the exiremum of daily variation occurred.The leadiag factors influencing dajly variation of sea-water temperature were preliminarily discussed.Tha knowledge of characferisfics and basic conditions of daily variaiicu of sew-water temperature in the Bohai Sea and inshore region of Huanghai Sea and East China Sea lags been acquired on analysis.
In the present paper, the data of sea-water temperature collected from 495 contimously-working observation stations was sorted out, with the emphasis on the description of sparse distribution and seasonal variation in daily range and the time in which the exiremum of daily variation occurred.The leadiag factors influencing dajly variation of sea-water temperature were preliminarily discussed.Tha knowledge of characferisfics and basic conditions of daily variaiicu of sew-water temperature in the Bohai Sea and inshore region of Huanghai Sea and East China Sea lags been acquired on analysis.
1982, 4(4): 404-414.
Abstract:
On the basis of the two-dimensional shallow water wave equations, numerocal solutions for storm surges have been achieved by coupling the finite element method in space with finite difference split time scheme. In the model, the lagrangian quadvatic isoparametric elements are selected and the circular typhoon models are used. In applications to four typhoons striking the Taiwan strait, the computional results are in agreement with the data observed.
On the basis of the two-dimensional shallow water wave equations, numerocal solutions for storm surges have been achieved by coupling the finite element method in space with finite difference split time scheme. In the model, the lagrangian quadvatic isoparametric elements are selected and the circular typhoon models are used. In applications to four typhoons striking the Taiwan strait, the computional results are in agreement with the data observed.
1982, 4(4): 415-423.
Abstract:
Since the fifties vhe middle iropospheric basic currents have been emphasised in the forecasting of typhoon track. It is also shown in some of previous research that the deviation between the typhoon movement and the 500mb basic flow is relatively small I the forecastings of recent year,however, it has been found that the lower-evel basic flows are reratively closer to the actual typhoon tracks than the middle-level ones. Accoroding 260 samples of the typhoon movement forecasting the relationship between 500mb and 850mb geostrophic basic currents and typhoon movement analysed in this page.The result is in general, That the steering effect of the lower-level current on the typhoon movement is not less than that of the middle-level one.Moreover, It is found that the surface basic current took place, an important in several typhoon cases, in which the operational forecasting of the typhoon movement had most large errors at that time. So, the lower tropospheric basic current is worthy to be considered intensively in the forecasting of typhoon movement.
Since the fifties vhe middle iropospheric basic currents have been emphasised in the forecasting of typhoon track. It is also shown in some of previous research that the deviation between the typhoon movement and the 500mb basic flow is relatively small I the forecastings of recent year,however, it has been found that the lower-evel basic flows are reratively closer to the actual typhoon tracks than the middle-level ones. Accoroding 260 samples of the typhoon movement forecasting the relationship between 500mb and 850mb geostrophic basic currents and typhoon movement analysed in this page.The result is in general, That the steering effect of the lower-level current on the typhoon movement is not less than that of the middle-level one.Moreover, It is found that the surface basic current took place, an important in several typhoon cases, in which the operational forecasting of the typhoon movement had most large errors at that time. So, the lower tropospheric basic current is worthy to be considered intensively in the forecasting of typhoon movement.
1982, 4(4): 424-430.
Abstract:
The article is analysed the formation,dissipation and persistence regularities of the spring sea fog over the middle and northern Huanghai Sea areas according to data obser ved during 1962-1973 years.The authors are of the opinion that two short wave troughes locatad in the middle and lower latitudes transmit eastward, and often add each other under the particular large scale circulation back-ground, thus wa can find that westly trough in the lower latitude develops and moves by north. During the eastward movement of the short wave shoughes the southwest air current in the front of the troughs continuously brings warm and wet air oven the southeastern Xizang Plateau to the northeast diaection and this is an important condition for the formation and development of sea fog. We have constructed relation between activities of the upper cut-off told eddy (in the Caspian Sea-Aral Sea or the northern Indian ocean),the blocked high pressure (in the northern Atlantic Ocean the Ural areas)and activities of the short wave trough,finally also given out mid-range sea fog forecasting method in dtail.
The article is analysed the formation,dissipation and persistence regularities of the spring sea fog over the middle and northern Huanghai Sea areas according to data obser ved during 1962-1973 years.The authors are of the opinion that two short wave troughes locatad in the middle and lower latitudes transmit eastward, and often add each other under the particular large scale circulation back-ground, thus wa can find that westly trough in the lower latitude develops and moves by north. During the eastward movement of the short wave shoughes the southwest air current in the front of the troughs continuously brings warm and wet air oven the southeastern Xizang Plateau to the northeast diaection and this is an important condition for the formation and development of sea fog. We have constructed relation between activities of the upper cut-off told eddy (in the Caspian Sea-Aral Sea or the northern Indian ocean),the blocked high pressure (in the northern Atlantic Ocean the Ural areas)and activities of the short wave trough,finally also given out mid-range sea fog forecasting method in dtail.
1982, 4(4): 431-439.
Abstract:
This article deals with the procedure for determining the exchange capaciiy of the China-made chelating resin CR-1.The exchange capacity of CR-1 resin in H+ and Na+ forms was measured,and a correlation experiment was made in comparison with the internationally used Chelex-100 resin. The result shows that the exchange capacity of CR-1 is equal to that of Chelex-100. The absorptive characterization of CR-1 to the heavy metals in spa water was tested.The result proves that CR-1 and Chelex-100 have the similar function. Therefore CR-1 can be used to separate the different species of heavy metals. Nine chemical species of heavy metals in seawater were measured by using CR-1 for the first time. The experiment indicates that this method proves accurate and workable.
This article deals with the procedure for determining the exchange capaciiy of the China-made chelating resin CR-1.The exchange capacity of CR-1 resin in H+ and Na+ forms was measured,and a correlation experiment was made in comparison with the internationally used Chelex-100 resin. The result shows that the exchange capacity of CR-1 is equal to that of Chelex-100. The absorptive characterization of CR-1 to the heavy metals in spa water was tested.The result proves that CR-1 and Chelex-100 have the similar function. Therefore CR-1 can be used to separate the different species of heavy metals. Nine chemical species of heavy metals in seawater were measured by using CR-1 for the first time. The experiment indicates that this method proves accurate and workable.
1982, 4(4): 440-449.
Abstract:
The distribution of mercury, copper, lead,zinc and chromium contents in the estuarine sediments of the Changjiang River and the influence of environmental factoys on them are described in this paper. Except chromium, distribution of heavy metals, Fe2O3 and organic matter in the estuarine sediments of the Changjiang River appear to be low-high-low from the estuary to the seaward end of the estuary with increasing salinity of sea water, while the grain size of sediments appear to be coarse-fine-coarse. Their peak values occur in the range of salinity 17-21‰.And these are mainly due to the complex influence of wave, tide, current, eddy, flocculation and adsorption-desorption on sediments.The conditions for the distribution are: (i) almost no pollution in the estuary, and (ii) a stronger current passing the outer flank of the estuary.
The distribution of mercury, copper, lead,zinc and chromium contents in the estuarine sediments of the Changjiang River and the influence of environmental factoys on them are described in this paper. Except chromium, distribution of heavy metals, Fe2O3 and organic matter in the estuarine sediments of the Changjiang River appear to be low-high-low from the estuary to the seaward end of the estuary with increasing salinity of sea water, while the grain size of sediments appear to be coarse-fine-coarse. Their peak values occur in the range of salinity 17-21‰.And these are mainly due to the complex influence of wave, tide, current, eddy, flocculation and adsorption-desorption on sediments.The conditions for the distribution are: (i) almost no pollution in the estuary, and (ii) a stronger current passing the outer flank of the estuary.
1982, 4(4): 450-461.
Abstract:
The analyses on the volcanic debris and clay minerals of about 100 samples taken from 12 stations located in the Western Central Pacific are described in this paper. The volcanic debris is determined by means of microscope in the heavy mineeral laboratory, and the clay minerals br X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and electronmicroscope in the clay mineral laboratory. The volcanic debris of the area studied is the product of oceanic volcanic eruption,which constitutes the main component and source of the deep-sea sediments.It has the character of tholeiite and andesite. The mineral association of the volcanic debris becomes complicated and metamorphosed due to the frequent eruptions of oceanic volcano in this area. The clay mineral composition of the said area is composed of montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite and illite, with montmorillonite predorninanting (50-70%). The volcanic debris (especially the volcanic ash) and the wind-transported matter are the main sources of the clay minerals in this area. It this area., the abundant montmorillonite results from the weathering and alteration of volcanic ash at the quiet deep-ocean floor where alkaline is weak(pH=7-8), Fa rich and Si:Al ratio high. The alternating changes of the climate from warm to cold during the geological history made the content of montmorillonite in the cores change correspondingly from a lower level to a higher. Therefore the studies of the volcanic debris and clay minerals are of great significance for th.e research on the proparcy, strength, mode oceanic volcanic action, the character of oceanic crust, on the physicochemical and geocilemical environments which a pelagic sediments are in,and on the determination of the sediment character and sediment process of the core.
The analyses on the volcanic debris and clay minerals of about 100 samples taken from 12 stations located in the Western Central Pacific are described in this paper. The volcanic debris is determined by means of microscope in the heavy mineeral laboratory, and the clay minerals br X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and electronmicroscope in the clay mineral laboratory. The volcanic debris of the area studied is the product of oceanic volcanic eruption,which constitutes the main component and source of the deep-sea sediments.It has the character of tholeiite and andesite. The mineral association of the volcanic debris becomes complicated and metamorphosed due to the frequent eruptions of oceanic volcano in this area. The clay mineral composition of the said area is composed of montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite and illite, with montmorillonite predorninanting (50-70%). The volcanic debris (especially the volcanic ash) and the wind-transported matter are the main sources of the clay minerals in this area. It this area., the abundant montmorillonite results from the weathering and alteration of volcanic ash at the quiet deep-ocean floor where alkaline is weak(pH=7-8), Fa rich and Si:Al ratio high. The alternating changes of the climate from warm to cold during the geological history made the content of montmorillonite in the cores change correspondingly from a lower level to a higher. Therefore the studies of the volcanic debris and clay minerals are of great significance for th.e research on the proparcy, strength, mode oceanic volcanic action, the character of oceanic crust, on the physicochemical and geocilemical environments which a pelagic sediments are in,and on the determination of the sediment character and sediment process of the core.
1982, 4(4): 462-472.
Abstract:
Based on the data from a synthetic marine geological ivestigation to the northen South China Sea, especially on the analysis of bathymetric and sonargraphic records, divisons of the continental shelf, slope and abyssal basin in the region studied are made. The characteristics, origin and evolution of these geomorphological units are briefly described and discussed.
Based on the data from a synthetic marine geological ivestigation to the northen South China Sea, especially on the analysis of bathymetric and sonargraphic records, divisons of the continental shelf, slope and abyssal basin in the region studied are made. The characteristics, origin and evolution of these geomorphological units are briefly described and discussed.
1982, 4(4): 473-482.
Abstract:
The chemical composition of the surficial sediments in Jiaozhou Bay is essentially coincident with the average chemical composition of rocks in the influent water system region, approximately corresponding to that of intermediate rocks. Since Na, K,Ca, Mg and P occur in large amounts in sea water and seawater-organism circulatory system, the contents of these elements from the sediments in the Bay are considerably lower than the average content of those from the rocks in the influent water system region. Data obtained show that P and Al,Fe from the sediments have a positive correlation.One of the sibnificant characteristics of sediments in liaozhou Bay is that the contents of trace elements, Ga,Cr,V,Cu,Zn,Co,Ni,Sr,Ba and B are, in general, higher in the Bay than in any other bays and sea provinces of the world.The correlation analyses show that the elements just mentioned occur, in the main but in varying amounts,in clay minerals.Ga, Cr, Ba, Sr are related to illite, and Cu, Ni to montmorillonite. In addition, Cr, V, Co, Ni and B are associated with elastic constituents and authigenic minerals in sediments.Judging from the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical distribution of trace elements,it seems possible that Cr, V, Cu, Zn, Sr and Ba are derived from industrial pollution. And the determination of Cr content in influent industrial waste water shows that there does exist Cr contamination in sediments in the Bay.
The chemical composition of the surficial sediments in Jiaozhou Bay is essentially coincident with the average chemical composition of rocks in the influent water system region, approximately corresponding to that of intermediate rocks. Since Na, K,Ca, Mg and P occur in large amounts in sea water and seawater-organism circulatory system, the contents of these elements from the sediments in the Bay are considerably lower than the average content of those from the rocks in the influent water system region. Data obtained show that P and Al,Fe from the sediments have a positive correlation.One of the sibnificant characteristics of sediments in liaozhou Bay is that the contents of trace elements, Ga,Cr,V,Cu,Zn,Co,Ni,Sr,Ba and B are, in general, higher in the Bay than in any other bays and sea provinces of the world.The correlation analyses show that the elements just mentioned occur, in the main but in varying amounts,in clay minerals.Ga, Cr, Ba, Sr are related to illite, and Cu, Ni to montmorillonite. In addition, Cr, V, Co, Ni and B are associated with elastic constituents and authigenic minerals in sediments.Judging from the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical distribution of trace elements,it seems possible that Cr, V, Cu, Zn, Sr and Ba are derived from industrial pollution. And the determination of Cr content in influent industrial waste water shows that there does exist Cr contamination in sediments in the Bay.
1982, 4(4): 483-489.
Abstract:
Amphioxus, a transitory form between the invertebrate and the vertebrate, is an ideal material for the study of animal evolution. The material used in this experiment is the common Amphioxus collected from Qingdao, Branchiosloma belcheri tsinytdoense Tchang et Koo.The purpose of this study is to find out the biochemical changes taking place in the metabolic processes of this animal and to demonstrate from the standpoint of molecular biology the speciality of its ontogenetic development. By means of ultracentrifugal technique and Oligo (dT)-cellulose affinity chromatography, ovarian Poly (A) RNA from Branchiostorna belcheri tsingtaoense Tehang et Koo was isolated and purified,The polysomes were obtained from the supernatant of the oocyte lysate through the ultracentrifugation of 1.0M sucrose solution and the total polysomal RNA was extracted from the polysome precipitate by phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (50:48:2). Poly (A) RNA. in the ovarian eggs of Amphioxus was purified by Oligo (dT)-cellulose chromatography to remove rRNA. Finally, Poly(A) RNA was precipitated by 2 volumes of ethanol and washed,with 4M LiCL and 3:1 ethanol saline to obtain Poly(A)RNA with biological activity. The recovery rate of the total polysomal RNA is 285μg per ml homogenate of the ovarian eggs.The mRNA-containing Poly(A),purified by means of Oligo(dT)-cellulose is 5.2% of the total polysomal RNA and 4% of the total RNA.The Polp (A)RNA obtained shows the typical absorption spectrum of RNA in ultraviolet spectral analysis.
Amphioxus, a transitory form between the invertebrate and the vertebrate, is an ideal material for the study of animal evolution. The material used in this experiment is the common Amphioxus collected from Qingdao, Branchiosloma belcheri tsinytdoense Tchang et Koo.The purpose of this study is to find out the biochemical changes taking place in the metabolic processes of this animal and to demonstrate from the standpoint of molecular biology the speciality of its ontogenetic development. By means of ultracentrifugal technique and Oligo (dT)-cellulose affinity chromatography, ovarian Poly (A) RNA from Branchiostorna belcheri tsingtaoense Tehang et Koo was isolated and purified,The polysomes were obtained from the supernatant of the oocyte lysate through the ultracentrifugation of 1.0M sucrose solution and the total polysomal RNA was extracted from the polysome precipitate by phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (50:48:2). Poly (A) RNA. in the ovarian eggs of Amphioxus was purified by Oligo (dT)-cellulose chromatography to remove rRNA. Finally, Poly(A) RNA was precipitated by 2 volumes of ethanol and washed,with 4M LiCL and 3:1 ethanol saline to obtain Poly(A)RNA with biological activity. The recovery rate of the total polysomal RNA is 285μg per ml homogenate of the ovarian eggs.The mRNA-containing Poly(A),purified by means of Oligo(dT)-cellulose is 5.2% of the total polysomal RNA and 4% of the total RNA.The Polp (A)RNA obtained shows the typical absorption spectrum of RNA in ultraviolet spectral analysis.
1982, 4(4): 490-496.
Abstract:
1982, 4(4): 497-507.
Abstract:
1.In 1972-1980,collections were made in the East China Sea with zooplankton nets and horizontal juvenile nets.44 postlarvae and juveniles of Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus (body length 5.13-33.00mm) were obtained(tables 1 and 2). 2.They were identified as C. hippurus Linnaeus by morphological observation, especially with the following characteristics:pigment distribution on the body, numbers of dorsal rays and anal raps, and myotomes (fig. 1-7 and photo).
1.In 1972-1980,collections were made in the East China Sea with zooplankton nets and horizontal juvenile nets.44 postlarvae and juveniles of Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus (body length 5.13-33.00mm) were obtained(tables 1 and 2). 2.They were identified as C. hippurus Linnaeus by morphological observation, especially with the following characteristics:pigment distribution on the body, numbers of dorsal rays and anal raps, and myotomes (fig. 1-7 and photo).
1982, 4(4): 508-515.
Abstract:
The present paper is a report on the age-composition, growth and growth-index of mullet. All specimens (Total 1399) were collected from Bohai Sea, during the years 1960-1961,1962-1963,1978-1979. Fishes measured on the average (one-year old)127.94-165.34mm; (two-year old)212.71-276.25mm;(three-year old)298.54-368.85mm;(four-year old) 381.61-467.2mm and (seven-year old) 633.5-663mm.The growth of the female fish is more quick than the male. Formation of annulus in the scale occurs in the middle of april to June. The growth of mullet can be divided into three stages as following: the first stage (one to two years) is the prematurity stake, the average of it growth-index is 47.3.The Second stage (three to five years) is a quick-growth syage,the average growth-index is 82.39.The third stage (six years and afterwards),is the degeneration stage, the average growth-index is 42.76.
The present paper is a report on the age-composition, growth and growth-index of mullet. All specimens (Total 1399) were collected from Bohai Sea, during the years 1960-1961,1962-1963,1978-1979. Fishes measured on the average (one-year old)127.94-165.34mm; (two-year old)212.71-276.25mm;(three-year old)298.54-368.85mm;(four-year old) 381.61-467.2mm and (seven-year old) 633.5-663mm.The growth of the female fish is more quick than the male. Formation of annulus in the scale occurs in the middle of april to June. The growth of mullet can be divided into three stages as following: the first stage (one to two years) is the prematurity stake, the average of it growth-index is 47.3.The Second stage (three to five years) is a quick-growth syage,the average growth-index is 82.39.The third stage (six years and afterwards),is the degeneration stage, the average growth-index is 42.76.
1982, 4(4): 517-518.
Abstract:
The symposium sponsored by the National Bureau of Oceanography (PRC)and the National Oceanie and Atmospheric Administration (U.S.A), dealswith the geological, physical, biological, and chemical aspects of continental shelf sedimentation. Themes include estuarine circulation and sedimentation,circulation of shelf waters and its relation to sedimentation processes, biologicalreworking of shelf sediments uptake and recycling of dissolved constituents in the water column and bottom sediments,errosion and accumulation processes of shelf sediment and their relation to the texture and the structure of bedforms. Special attention will be paid to the results of the PRC-U.S.A, cooperative investigation of the Changjing River and adjacent East China Sea.
The symposium sponsored by the National Bureau of Oceanography (PRC)and the National Oceanie and Atmospheric Administration (U.S.A), dealswith the geological, physical, biological, and chemical aspects of continental shelf sedimentation. Themes include estuarine circulation and sedimentation,circulation of shelf waters and its relation to sedimentation processes, biologicalreworking of shelf sediments uptake and recycling of dissolved constituents in the water column and bottom sediments,errosion and accumulation processes of shelf sediment and their relation to the texture and the structure of bedforms. Special attention will be paid to the results of the PRC-U.S.A, cooperative investigation of the Changjing River and adjacent East China Sea.
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