1982 Vol. 4, No. 3
Display Method:
1982, 4(3): 251-258.
Abstract:
A technique of simulating ocean wave processes by using the FFT arithmetic is presented in the present paper.Some results obtained by the technique are given.The comparison between the target spectrum and the estimated spectrum exhibit reasonable agreement and suggests that the method proposed here can be used in the simulation of oceans wave process.
A technique of simulating ocean wave processes by using the FFT arithmetic is presented in the present paper.Some results obtained by the technique are given.The comparison between the target spectrum and the estimated spectrum exhibit reasonable agreement and suggests that the method proposed here can be used in the simulation of oceans wave process.
1982, 4(3): 259-266.
Abstract:
After analysing the characteristics of the typhoon surges and the surface weather charts of the typhoon over the East China Sea,we have designed a sea-level pressure grid of the East China Sea,And every pressure value at these grid points is considered as possible predictor of surge.Forecasting equations for two ports along the east coast of zhe,jiangl province are derived from statistical screening grocedure,and an earlier time shift of 6-hr anid 9-hr are given.The inspection indicates that most of the errors are less.There is a possibility that this method will become a forecasting-technique for the coast of the East China Sea.
After analysing the characteristics of the typhoon surges and the surface weather charts of the typhoon over the East China Sea,we have designed a sea-level pressure grid of the East China Sea,And every pressure value at these grid points is considered as possible predictor of surge.Forecasting equations for two ports along the east coast of zhe,jiangl province are derived from statistical screening grocedure,and an earlier time shift of 6-hr anid 9-hr are given.The inspection indicates that most of the errors are less.There is a possibility that this method will become a forecasting-technique for the coast of the East China Sea.
1982, 4(3): 267-282.
Abstract:
The observational facts show that there exist the quasi-periodic fluctuations with time scales of days as well as months in the atmosphere and ocean in equatorial region.To study these phenomena,a coupled atmosphere-ocean model is developed,in which the mixed process in upper layer of the ocean is considered.The non-adiabatic heating comprises Newton radiative cooling and condesation in the atmosphere and the evaporation from sea surface,upwelling in the mixed layer of ocean and short waves radiation to be mbdulated by cloud.
The observational facts show that there exist the quasi-periodic fluctuations with time scales of days as well as months in the atmosphere and ocean in equatorial region.To study these phenomena,a coupled atmosphere-ocean model is developed,in which the mixed process in upper layer of the ocean is considered.The non-adiabatic heating comprises Newton radiative cooling and condesation in the atmosphere and the evaporation from sea surface,upwelling in the mixed layer of ocean and short waves radiation to be mbdulated by cloud.
1982, 4(3): 283-291.
Abstract:
For layered ocean models,a new method of numerical simulation is presented on the basis of the theory of smooth-averaged sound field.By this method the averaged sound field in layered ocean can be calculated easier and faster.The IFP (Image Field Program)and SFP (Smooth-average Field Program) used for calculating the sound intensities at short and long ranges,respectively,are developed.At intermediate ranges,both IFP and SFP may be used,and the sound intensities calculated by IFP and SFP are well coiacident.The above-mentioaed method may be utilized for more extensive types of velocity-profile and boundary-reflection-loss,and used for predicting sound field.
For layered ocean models,a new method of numerical simulation is presented on the basis of the theory of smooth-averaged sound field.By this method the averaged sound field in layered ocean can be calculated easier and faster.The IFP (Image Field Program)and SFP (Smooth-average Field Program) used for calculating the sound intensities at short and long ranges,respectively,are developed.At intermediate ranges,both IFP and SFP may be used,and the sound intensities calculated by IFP and SFP are well coiacident.The above-mentioaed method may be utilized for more extensive types of velocity-profile and boundary-reflection-loss,and used for predicting sound field.
1982, 4(3): 292-302.
Abstract:
This paper,deals with the possible physical reason for some sea condition influenced by the parameter of earth rotation.Using physical statistical method,the authors have calculated and analysed the rotation of the height of sea level,atmospheric centers of actions on the sea and water temperature of sea to the parameter of earth rotation.As a result,it is obvious that the paramenter of earth rotation has an effect on the sea.Finally,the authors believe that this thesis has certain theoretical significance and practical importance.
This paper,deals with the possible physical reason for some sea condition influenced by the parameter of earth rotation.Using physical statistical method,the authors have calculated and analysed the rotation of the height of sea level,atmospheric centers of actions on the sea and water temperature of sea to the parameter of earth rotation.As a result,it is obvious that the paramenter of earth rotation has an effect on the sea.Finally,the authors believe that this thesis has certain theoretical significance and practical importance.
1982, 4(3): 303-314.
Abstract:
The water of the Changjiang River contains a large quantity of suspended solid matters,among which illitic,Montmorillonitic and kaolinitic clays are predominant.These colloidal clays consist of two parts:one is coated with inorganic or organic matters,and another is not.Both have the funceion of fixing heavy metals on their surface in various degrees.This paper reports the simulation experiments of the adsorptions of Cr,Cu and Hg (from semi-saline water)on montmorillonite,illite,etc.
The water of the Changjiang River contains a large quantity of suspended solid matters,among which illitic,Montmorillonitic and kaolinitic clays are predominant.These colloidal clays consist of two parts:one is coated with inorganic or organic matters,and another is not.Both have the funceion of fixing heavy metals on their surface in various degrees.This paper reports the simulation experiments of the adsorptions of Cr,Cu and Hg (from semi-saline water)on montmorillonite,illite,etc.
1982, 4(3): 315-323.
Abstract:
Investigations of 11 stations in the Changjiang River estuarine area (30°50'-31°30'N and 121°50'-122°22'E) were made in April 1979.On board ship,we collected water and surface sediment samples,measured pH and temperature of the water,andp repared dissolved zinc and suspended particle zinc with millipore filter(0.45μm).In the laboratory,we analyzed 4 species of zinc.The ranges of concentration change are; 28-84 ppb for total zinc of liquid phase 8.8-46.3 ppb for free zinc,11.7-191 ppb for zinc of suspended phase,and 80.0-113.7 ppm for zinc of surface sediment; respectively.
Investigations of 11 stations in the Changjiang River estuarine area (30°50'-31°30'N and 121°50'-122°22'E) were made in April 1979.On board ship,we collected water and surface sediment samples,measured pH and temperature of the water,andp repared dissolved zinc and suspended particle zinc with millipore filter(0.45μm).In the laboratory,we analyzed 4 species of zinc.The ranges of concentration change are; 28-84 ppb for total zinc of liquid phase 8.8-46.3 ppb for free zinc,11.7-191 ppb for zinc of suspended phase,and 80.0-113.7 ppm for zinc of surface sediment; respectively.
1982, 4(3): 324-334.
Abstract:
Based on the data of gravity,magnetic and bathymetric surveys on board R/V Xiangyanghong No.10 rrxade in December 1979,we have analysed the features of gravity and magnetic anomalies of the profile across the Ryukyu Trench.Referring to the geological data we are of the opinion that this profile cuts across the following six tectonic units;(1)Depression belt of the continental shelf of the East China Sea,(2)Outer marginal folded belt of the continental shelf of the East China Sea,(3)Tensile belt of the Okinawa Trough,(4)The Ryukyu Island !arc belt,(5)The Ryukyu Trench belt,and(6)Daito Ridges.
Based on the data of gravity,magnetic and bathymetric surveys on board R/V Xiangyanghong No.10 rrxade in December 1979,we have analysed the features of gravity and magnetic anomalies of the profile across the Ryukyu Trench.Referring to the geological data we are of the opinion that this profile cuts across the following six tectonic units;(1)Depression belt of the continental shelf of the East China Sea,(2)Outer marginal folded belt of the continental shelf of the East China Sea,(3)Tensile belt of the Okinawa Trough,(4)The Ryukyu Island !arc belt,(5)The Ryukyu Trench belt,and(6)Daito Ridges.
1982, 4(3): 335-345.
Abstract:
From March 1976 to October 1978,comprehensive scientific investigations to the Central Pacific region were carried out four times by the R/V Xadngyanghong No.5.The total profiling line for the gravity and water depth is 57,492 km long.A beach of coral reef..(32 m deep) is found at 11°41'2S,178°20.'5W.The first two cruises have been made in the South Tuvalu reef group area,covering the range within 10°-14°S and 177° 4'E-177°W.Various kinds of reliefs are concentrated in this area,with the northeast portion belonging to the Central Pacific Basin,northwest segment to Melanesim.Basin and the south section being part of the Fiji tableland.In the middle of this area there is a typical coral island reef group,which is the product of gradual sinking of submarine volcanic cluster under tropical oceanic condition.In the area studied,the average water depth is 2,829 m,the maximum depth is 4,828m,and the mean slop is about 5°.
From March 1976 to October 1978,comprehensive scientific investigations to the Central Pacific region were carried out four times by the R/V Xadngyanghong No.5.The total profiling line for the gravity and water depth is 57,492 km long.A beach of coral reef..(32 m deep) is found at 11°41'2S,178°20.'5W.The first two cruises have been made in the South Tuvalu reef group area,covering the range within 10°-14°S and 177° 4'E-177°W.Various kinds of reliefs are concentrated in this area,with the northeast portion belonging to the Central Pacific Basin,northwest segment to Melanesim.Basin and the south section being part of the Fiji tableland.In the middle of this area there is a typical coral island reef group,which is the product of gradual sinking of submarine volcanic cluster under tropical oceanic condition.In the area studied,the average water depth is 2,829 m,the maximum depth is 4,828m,and the mean slop is about 5°.
1982, 4(3): 346-356.
Abstract:
Starting from the three tests of aerial multispectral sensing at the Dahaizi reservoir,reservoirs near Changchun district and Sandawang Bay,the authors explain systematically in this paper the basic principle and the method of remote sensing for determine water depth using aerial multispectral photography.On the basis of basic principles of geometric,physical and water optics,and foreign data,we propose a depth equation with the effect of forward scattering on light radiation transmission considered,expound the specific physical significance of various parameters in the equation,and establish the respective method of measurement or Pstimation.According to the remote sensing instruments aid equipment of our country,we mainly demonstrate each major step and concrete method associated with the determination of water depth by the single spectral channel ratio technique in aerial remote sensing,fox' example,the selection of best waveband,the flying conditions and the requirements for image processing,and so on.
Starting from the three tests of aerial multispectral sensing at the Dahaizi reservoir,reservoirs near Changchun district and Sandawang Bay,the authors explain systematically in this paper the basic principle and the method of remote sensing for determine water depth using aerial multispectral photography.On the basis of basic principles of geometric,physical and water optics,and foreign data,we propose a depth equation with the effect of forward scattering on light radiation transmission considered,expound the specific physical significance of various parameters in the equation,and establish the respective method of measurement or Pstimation.According to the remote sensing instruments aid equipment of our country,we mainly demonstrate each major step and concrete method associated with the determination of water depth by the single spectral channel ratio technique in aerial remote sensing,fox' example,the selection of best waveband,the flying conditions and the requirements for image processing,and so on.
1982, 4(3): 357-366.
Abstract:
The paper is a detailed report on the early development of the smallwing flyingfishes,Oxyporlcdmphus Gill,collected in the central region (between 110°-118° E,12°-17°30'N) of the South China Sea during 4 cruises of the R/V Shi-Yan of our institute from 1975-1978.258 eggs,larvae and juveniles of Oxyporhamphus were examined from these cruises.Among the collected samples,180 eggs and 29 larvae and youngs belonged to Oxyporhamphus ynacropterus(Cuvier et Yalenciennes,1846)and 41 eggs,24 larvae and juveniles belonged to Oxyporhamphus convexus(Weber et de Beaufort,1922).
The paper is a detailed report on the early development of the smallwing flyingfishes,Oxyporlcdmphus Gill,collected in the central region (between 110°-118° E,12°-17°30'N) of the South China Sea during 4 cruises of the R/V Shi-Yan of our institute from 1975-1978.258 eggs,larvae and juveniles of Oxyporhamphus were examined from these cruises.Among the collected samples,180 eggs and 29 larvae and youngs belonged to Oxyporhamphus ynacropterus(Cuvier et Yalenciennes,1846)and 41 eggs,24 larvae and juveniles belonged to Oxyporhamphus convexus(Weber et de Beaufort,1922).
1982, 4(3): 367-376.
Abstract:
From June 1978 to May 1979 an investigation with exposed test panels on marive fouling and boring organisms was undertaken in the Nanji Island.87 species of fouling organisms and 5 species of boring organisms were obtained in the study.The results of investigation indicate that the fouling organisms are attached throughout the year,the period of the main attachment of the animals is from April to September and that of algae from April to June.The dominant fouling animal is Balunus trigonus.Whilst B.reticuldtus,B.tintinndbulurn tintinnnbulum,Clytid cyindricd,C.rninutn,Obelia geniculatu,Mernbranipord savdrtii are the common species of the animals,Enterornorphd intestindlis and Polysiphouin sp.are the dominant species of algae(Fig.1).
From June 1978 to May 1979 an investigation with exposed test panels on marive fouling and boring organisms was undertaken in the Nanji Island.87 species of fouling organisms and 5 species of boring organisms were obtained in the study.The results of investigation indicate that the fouling organisms are attached throughout the year,the period of the main attachment of the animals is from April to September and that of algae from April to June.The dominant fouling animal is Balunus trigonus.Whilst B.reticuldtus,B.tintinndbulurn tintinnnbulum,Clytid cyindricd,C.rninutn,Obelia geniculatu,Mernbranipord savdrtii are the common species of the animals,Enterornorphd intestindlis and Polysiphouin sp.are the dominant species of algae(Fig.1).
1982, 4(3): 377-381.
Abstract:
Eight strains of marine luminous bacteria were isolatad from the sea water and the sea floor of the East China Sea(E.124°-129°,N.26°30'-30°00').These strains together with a subculture that lost the luminesecence (7032-)were examinedwith electron microscopy.The bacteria of strains 7032,7032- and 1025 all possessed polar flagella,tuft flagella and peritrichous flagella.Strain 7032-was simillar to 7032 in cellular and flagella fine structure.In preparations negatively stained with phosphotungstic acid the flagella could sometimes be seen to be differentiated into a core and a sheath.Sometime the sheath was disincegratad,while the central core remained intact.A network structure of flagella subunits could be seen in strain 128.The bacteria of all other strains possessed polar or peritrichous flagella.
Eight strains of marine luminous bacteria were isolatad from the sea water and the sea floor of the East China Sea(E.124°-129°,N.26°30'-30°00').These strains together with a subculture that lost the luminesecence (7032-)were examinedwith electron microscopy.The bacteria of strains 7032,7032- and 1025 all possessed polar flagella,tuft flagella and peritrichous flagella.Strain 7032-was simillar to 7032 in cellular and flagella fine structure.In preparations negatively stained with phosphotungstic acid the flagella could sometimes be seen to be differentiated into a core and a sheath.Sometime the sheath was disincegratad,while the central core remained intact.A network structure of flagella subunits could be seen in strain 128.The bacteria of all other strains possessed polar or peritrichous flagella.
1982, 4(3): 384-389.
Abstract:
Here proposed is a modified molybdosilicic acid method for the determination of silicate in sea water.A suitable acidity is used to obtain higher sensitivity and stability.At this acidity,the salt effect coefficient is lowered to about 4%.To eliminate the calibration of salt effect,artificial sea water is applied.In order to simplify the method and to diminish the work on ship,the mixed reagent is introduced.The precision and accuracy of the modified method is satisfactory.The standard solution of silicate prepared by this method is stable within one year.
Here proposed is a modified molybdosilicic acid method for the determination of silicate in sea water.A suitable acidity is used to obtain higher sensitivity and stability.At this acidity,the salt effect coefficient is lowered to about 4%.To eliminate the calibration of salt effect,artificial sea water is applied.In order to simplify the method and to diminish the work on ship,the mixed reagent is introduced.The precision and accuracy of the modified method is satisfactory.The standard solution of silicate prepared by this method is stable within one year.
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