1982 Vol. 4, No. 1
Display Method:
1982, 4(1): 1-11.
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to study the paths by which the outflow of the Changjiang River travels through the East China Sea.A verically integrated model including the baroclinic effect is proposed and actual relief is used.The area considered covers from 28°N to 37°30'N, and is bounded by the China's coast on the west and by the Korea's coast or the 127°E on the east.Inputs along the boundary include.
The aim of this paper is to study the paths by which the outflow of the Changjiang River travels through the East China Sea.A verically integrated model including the baroclinic effect is proposed and actual relief is used.The area considered covers from 28°N to 37°30'N, and is bounded by the China's coast on the west and by the Korea's coast or the 127°E on the east.Inputs along the boundary include.
1982, 4(1): 12-20.
Abstract:
Based on the advective-turbulent transport equation of heat of the infrared radiation and the water-vapor advective-turbulent diffusion equation together waith their corresponding definite conditions, a two-layer model of simulated sea fog is proposed.This model differs from the Barker's model in that the turbulent boundary layer is not treated as a constant flux layer but the temperature and the moisture of this layer are considered to be affected by turbulence advection and infrared radiation. Furthermore, according to the characteristics of the weather process of sea fog formation, an analytical solution is given after the nonlinear terms of the equations are treated.Finally, the contributions of each physical factor to the temperature and the moisture of the forecast point are computed and discussed.
Based on the advective-turbulent transport equation of heat of the infrared radiation and the water-vapor advective-turbulent diffusion equation together waith their corresponding definite conditions, a two-layer model of simulated sea fog is proposed.This model differs from the Barker's model in that the turbulent boundary layer is not treated as a constant flux layer but the temperature and the moisture of this layer are considered to be affected by turbulence advection and infrared radiation. Furthermore, according to the characteristics of the weather process of sea fog formation, an analytical solution is given after the nonlinear terms of the equations are treated.Finally, the contributions of each physical factor to the temperature and the moisture of the forecast point are computed and discussed.
1982, 4(1): 21-28.
Abstract:
Cluster analysis is used to stratify historical typhoon Samples according to Certain standards of pattern recognition.Then the resulted factors are quantified and fed into forecast equations.The computations indicate that the application of Predictors with "field" and "pattern" features to the statistical forecasting of typhoon tracks is in Conformity with the experience of forecasters.These predictors not only have Clear physical meaning, but also prove to be highly effective in the improvement of the forecast errors.
Cluster analysis is used to stratify historical typhoon Samples according to Certain standards of pattern recognition.Then the resulted factors are quantified and fed into forecast equations.The computations indicate that the application of Predictors with "field" and "pattern" features to the statistical forecasting of typhoon tracks is in Conformity with the experience of forecasters.These predictors not only have Clear physical meaning, but also prove to be highly effective in the improvement of the forecast errors.
1982, 4(1): 29-34.
Abstract:
The experimental research on acoustic signals of the south sea. lion(Otoriabyronia) is conducted for determinig. its ability of echo rarlging. It is found that underwater acoustic signals of the souther sea lion can be grouped under two heads on the whole. On P is long duration signals-whistles, and its average duration is from several tens of millisecond to one seconds anothex. one is pulse trains clicks, and its average duration is about 3.6 inillisecond.,The sound production of the sea lion is closely related to its behaxiour. Swimming in free state, the sea lion emits less acoustic signals and most of them are Whistles. When the living, fish are thrown into the water, the sea lion follows up the fish very fast until all fish are swallowed and emits pulse trains simultaneously.When the fish are thrown in the dark, the pulse changes vary obviously, the,pulse amplitude increases 3-5 times, the pulse duration shortens, and the frequency of pulse rises.These changes are due to the needs of echo-ranging and tracking the living fish in the dark. We may come to the conclusion that the south sea lion has the ability of echo-ranging. In this paper, the typical waveforms and spectra of underwater sound signals of the south sea lion are presented.The experiment shows that the high threshold value of the audible frequency of the south sea lion is about 90 kHz.
The experimental research on acoustic signals of the south sea. lion(Otoriabyronia) is conducted for determinig. its ability of echo rarlging. It is found that underwater acoustic signals of the souther sea lion can be grouped under two heads on the whole. On P is long duration signals-whistles, and its average duration is from several tens of millisecond to one seconds anothex. one is pulse trains clicks, and its average duration is about 3.6 inillisecond.,The sound production of the sea lion is closely related to its behaxiour. Swimming in free state, the sea lion emits less acoustic signals and most of them are Whistles. When the living, fish are thrown into the water, the sea lion follows up the fish very fast until all fish are swallowed and emits pulse trains simultaneously.When the fish are thrown in the dark, the pulse changes vary obviously, the,pulse amplitude increases 3-5 times, the pulse duration shortens, and the frequency of pulse rises.These changes are due to the needs of echo-ranging and tracking the living fish in the dark. We may come to the conclusion that the south sea lion has the ability of echo-ranging. In this paper, the typical waveforms and spectra of underwater sound signals of the south sea lion are presented.The experiment shows that the high threshold value of the audible frequency of the south sea lion is about 90 kHz.
1982, 4(1): 35-42.
Abstract:
A simple and rapid m}athod for the determination of Cd at low levels down. to 0.01ug Cd/l in seawater by anodic stripping voltammetry with a precision RSD of 6% and recovery of 92.5% is described. The method was based mainly on the principle of the positive "coordinating effect" of metallic ions during plating.In analysis, a sensitive AD-1 model polerography of Chinese manufacture and its mercury-film electrode was used without any preliminary treatment of the sample. The deoxygenation process was simply performed by adding 3 drops of saturated Na2SO3 solution to 50m1 of seawater sample without passing N2-gas.The total time for a plating and stripping cyae was 6 min.
A simple and rapid m}athod for the determination of Cd at low levels down. to 0.01ug Cd/l in seawater by anodic stripping voltammetry with a precision RSD of 6% and recovery of 92.5% is described. The method was based mainly on the principle of the positive "coordinating effect" of metallic ions during plating.In analysis, a sensitive AD-1 model polerography of Chinese manufacture and its mercury-film electrode was used without any preliminary treatment of the sample. The deoxygenation process was simply performed by adding 3 drops of saturated Na2SO3 solution to 50m1 of seawater sample without passing N2-gas.The total time for a plating and stripping cyae was 6 min.
1982, 4(1): 43-49.
Abstract:
A rapid method for successive determination of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd using the common flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer on weight,d and once digested samples of marine sediments is described. After comparison we chose the HF-HClO4一HNO3 decomposition or the HNO3-H2O2 digestion and studied certain interfering issues: deducting background absorptions in determining Co and Ni we measured nonabsorbable lines, using K2S2O7, or sodium sulfate-sodium citrate solution to inhibit several elements interfering with the determination of Cr.
A rapid method for successive determination of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd using the common flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer on weight,d and once digested samples of marine sediments is described. After comparison we chose the HF-HClO4一HNO3 decomposition or the HNO3-H2O2 digestion and studied certain interfering issues: deducting background absorptions in determining Co and Ni we measured nonabsorbable lines, using K2S2O7, or sodium sulfate-sodium citrate solution to inhibit several elements interfering with the determination of Cr.
1982, 4(1): 50-62.
Abstract:
Twenty eight families and eleven genera of spore and pollen have been found in the sediments.Through the analysis of the content and assemblages of these spores and pollen grains, it has been found that they come mainly from the islands in the west, and that the main current transporting them is the Equatorial Counter-Current. In the bottom sediments of this area, the spores and pollen grains are by far the most abundanu in the Calcareous ooze, next in the siliceous-calcareous ooze and red clay.From the analysis of the column samples it is revealed that minor fluctuations of the climate have occurred since the late pleistocene.
Twenty eight families and eleven genera of spore and pollen have been found in the sediments.Through the analysis of the content and assemblages of these spores and pollen grains, it has been found that they come mainly from the islands in the west, and that the main current transporting them is the Equatorial Counter-Current. In the bottom sediments of this area, the spores and pollen grains are by far the most abundanu in the Calcareous ooze, next in the siliceous-calcareous ooze and red clay.From the analysis of the column samples it is revealed that minor fluctuations of the climate have occurred since the late pleistocene.
1982, 4(1): 65-77.
Abstract:
In This paper, quantitative studies are made of the space distribution and variation of heavy minerals in the sediments of the East China Sea continental shelf using mathematic statistical methods.The paper discusses the effect of geological processes on the distribution and changes of the heavy minerals since the late Pleistocene, and suggests regional and local variatipn models of heavy minerals in theEast China Sea. Regression analyses of 122 samples taken from the continental shelf indicate that the change of content of heavy minerals caused by the change of medium grain size in sedment ranges only from 0.04% to 13%,which shows that hydraulic fractionation by sediment size has less effect on dispersion and concentration o# heavy minerals.
In This paper, quantitative studies are made of the space distribution and variation of heavy minerals in the sediments of the East China Sea continental shelf using mathematic statistical methods.The paper discusses the effect of geological processes on the distribution and changes of the heavy minerals since the late Pleistocene, and suggests regional and local variatipn models of heavy minerals in theEast China Sea. Regression analyses of 122 samples taken from the continental shelf indicate that the change of content of heavy minerals caused by the change of medium grain size in sedment ranges only from 0.04% to 13%,which shows that hydraulic fractionation by sediment size has less effect on dispersion and concentration o# heavy minerals.
1982, 4(1): 78-88.
Abstract:
The diffusion of sediments of the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) flowing into the sea is an important subject in the study of oceanography of china, and a more important object for marine deposit and development of the coast of the East China Sea.
The diffusion of sediments of the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) flowing into the sea is an important subject in the study of oceanography of china, and a more important object for marine deposit and development of the coast of the East China Sea.
1982, 4(1): 89-94.
Abstract:
The distribution and composition of luminous bacteria in the estuary of the Changjiang River were investigated preliminaryly. Luminous bacteria were found in all of the 24 water samples collected in various depths at 6 stations on October 23-25 in 1979.It was observed that the abundance of luminous bacteria(total number) appeared to be 0.33-3.67 colony-forming units(CFU) per m1.94 luminous bacterial strains were determined and showed to consist of both photobacterium mnndmpmmensis and Lucibacterium haraeyi. L. harveyi was mainly found in surface sediments and also found in midand lower-water, but P.rrsandatpamensis was present throughout the whole water column. In a survey of physiologicaland biochemical charactersities of P. mmndupnmensis strains, differences were found in the fermentation of sugars.
The distribution and composition of luminous bacteria in the estuary of the Changjiang River were investigated preliminaryly. Luminous bacteria were found in all of the 24 water samples collected in various depths at 6 stations on October 23-25 in 1979.It was observed that the abundance of luminous bacteria(total number) appeared to be 0.33-3.67 colony-forming units(CFU) per m1.94 luminous bacterial strains were determined and showed to consist of both photobacterium mnndmpmmensis and Lucibacterium haraeyi. L. harveyi was mainly found in surface sediments and also found in midand lower-water, but P.rrsandatpamensis was present throughout the whole water column. In a survey of physiologicaland biochemical charactersities of P. mmndupnmensis strains, differences were found in the fermentation of sugars.
1982, 4(1): 95-102.
Abstract:
Studies on Marine biofouing were conducted in Dongtou waters, during the period from June 1978 to May 1979.61 species of fouling organisms were collected on 81 test panels.The major species of the fouling organisms are Bdldnus uliginosus, B. eiudtus, B.reticuldtus, Ostred sp.,Anthopleurd pdeificd, Eudendrium sp,Tubuldrid mesembrydnthemum, Acdnthodesia bifloris Membranipora amoyensis, Enteromorpha intestnalis and Ulva linza.
Studies on Marine biofouing were conducted in Dongtou waters, during the period from June 1978 to May 1979.61 species of fouling organisms were collected on 81 test panels.The major species of the fouling organisms are Bdldnus uliginosus, B. eiudtus, B.reticuldtus, Ostred sp.,Anthopleurd pdeificd, Eudendrium sp,Tubuldrid mesembrydnthemum, Acdnthodesia bifloris Membranipora amoyensis, Enteromorpha intestnalis and Ulva linza.
1982, 4(1): 103-113.
Abstract:
The correlation between the temperature of seawater and fishing grounds is studied in detail, the general conclusions reached can be expressed as follows: 1.In the course of spawning and overwintering migration, the formation or the dispersion of fish shoals, patterns of fish behaviour and the breadth of migration route are influenced by the horizontal temperature gradieni.When the optimum temperature isotherm diverges from inshore or offshore waters,the migration route diverges as well.
The correlation between the temperature of seawater and fishing grounds is studied in detail, the general conclusions reached can be expressed as follows: 1.In the course of spawning and overwintering migration, the formation or the dispersion of fish shoals, patterns of fish behaviour and the breadth of migration route are influenced by the horizontal temperature gradieni.When the optimum temperature isotherm diverges from inshore or offshore waters,the migration route diverges as well.
1982, 4(1): 114-137.
Abstract:
To accomplish a special mission under water, a submersible is oft,.n required to have movements and opqrations with sip degrees of freedom besides those needed by a conventional submarine. In order to study and analyse the manoeuvre and control characteristics of the submersible, a quarter scale self-propelled submersible model, telecontrolled by the radio,has been made. The model with a displacement of one ton is 3.8m long and 0.65m wide. The manoeuvre on horizontal and vertical planes and some special manoeuvre operations of the submersible have bean performed in a towing tank, including hovering, lateral translation, turning on the spot and mating with another construstion underwater. The present paper lays special stress on analysing the control characteristics of the ducted propeller, and some comments on the manoeuvre characteristics of the submersible are also made, All these may be useful for research workers on a submersible.
To accomplish a special mission under water, a submersible is oft,.n required to have movements and opqrations with sip degrees of freedom besides those needed by a conventional submarine. In order to study and analyse the manoeuvre and control characteristics of the submersible, a quarter scale self-propelled submersible model, telecontrolled by the radio,has been made. The model with a displacement of one ton is 3.8m long and 0.65m wide. The manoeuvre on horizontal and vertical planes and some special manoeuvre operations of the submersible have bean performed in a towing tank, including hovering, lateral translation, turning on the spot and mating with another construstion underwater. The present paper lays special stress on analysing the control characteristics of the ducted propeller, and some comments on the manoeuvre characteristics of the submersible are also made, All these may be useful for research workers on a submersible.
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