1981 Vol. 3, No. 3
Display Method:
1981, 3(3): 355-369.
Abstract:
The tidal current and tide-induced residual circulation of the Bohai Sea are calculated by a numerical model braced on the two-dimensional nonlinear long wave equations with the semi-implicit alternating direction method.As a result, the spafial distributions of amplitudes,phases, tidal ellipses in tide-M2 and residual current are obtained.The tidal wave systems of M2 and K1 of the Bohai Sea are reproduced by the model.The computed co-tidal and corange lines of M2 and K1 are well in agreewent with harmonic constants obtained by tide gauge stations.The comparision between the computated and observed values exhibits a considerable agreement. The computation of the tide-induced residual circulation produces a flow pattern with three major eddies, and many minor individual eddies,and this flow pattern is strongly supported by the available oil pollution monitoring.
The tidal current and tide-induced residual circulation of the Bohai Sea are calculated by a numerical model braced on the two-dimensional nonlinear long wave equations with the semi-implicit alternating direction method.As a result, the spafial distributions of amplitudes,phases, tidal ellipses in tide-M2 and residual current are obtained.The tidal wave systems of M2 and K1 of the Bohai Sea are reproduced by the model.The computed co-tidal and corange lines of M2 and K1 are well in agreewent with harmonic constants obtained by tide gauge stations.The comparision between the computated and observed values exhibits a considerable agreement. The computation of the tide-induced residual circulation produces a flow pattern with three major eddies, and many minor individual eddies,and this flow pattern is strongly supported by the available oil pollution monitoring.
1981, 3(3): 370-381.
Abstract:
Based on studies of the variance of water temperature, two methods for forecasting the surface temperature in the East China Sea were proposed in this paper. The first method,consisting of non-harmonic analysis and steady random extrapolapolation, is proposed to forecast the short term mean monthly and tenday sea surface temperatures. (S.S.T.).In the second method,the time (weight) coefficieats of the S.S.T. field are separated by orthogonal function,and then a non-harmonic analysis is made to establish the long-term and broad range mean monthly and ten-day S.S.T.forecasting technique.In the first metod, it is assumed that the variation of S.S.T.with time consists of periodic and random components.Applying the non-harmonic analysis to the former variation and the steady random extrapolation to the latter, the v.m.s.errors in the back prediction of mean monthly and ten-day S.S.T.for the total sea area are ±0.67℃ and ±0.87℃ respectively.
Based on studies of the variance of water temperature, two methods for forecasting the surface temperature in the East China Sea were proposed in this paper. The first method,consisting of non-harmonic analysis and steady random extrapolapolation, is proposed to forecast the short term mean monthly and tenday sea surface temperatures. (S.S.T.).In the second method,the time (weight) coefficieats of the S.S.T. field are separated by orthogonal function,and then a non-harmonic analysis is made to establish the long-term and broad range mean monthly and ten-day S.S.T.forecasting technique.In the first metod, it is assumed that the variation of S.S.T.with time consists of periodic and random components.Applying the non-harmonic analysis to the former variation and the steady random extrapolation to the latter, the v.m.s.errors in the back prediction of mean monthly and ten-day S.S.T.for the total sea area are ±0.67℃ and ±0.87℃ respectively.
1981, 3(3): 382-389.
Abstract:
The air-sea interaction is a key problem in long-range forecast and dynamic climatology. This paper presents a simple model of SST variability in which the interaction between SST and atmospheric motion is briefly studied.The model is formulated by second order linear differential equation describing the evolution of the SST is stochastically forced by the white noise represnting day to day weather fluctuations. This result demonstrates that the stochastic forcing of SST is important if strong positive feedback between SST and atmospheric motion exists.The theoretical distribution of spectrum of SST is more improved than that of the first order Markovian model of Froukignoul.These results are in well agreement with the observations.
The air-sea interaction is a key problem in long-range forecast and dynamic climatology. This paper presents a simple model of SST variability in which the interaction between SST and atmospheric motion is briefly studied.The model is formulated by second order linear differential equation describing the evolution of the SST is stochastically forced by the white noise represnting day to day weather fluctuations. This result demonstrates that the stochastic forcing of SST is important if strong positive feedback between SST and atmospheric motion exists.The theoretical distribution of spectrum of SST is more improved than that of the first order Markovian model of Froukignoul.These results are in well agreement with the observations.
1981, 3(3): 390-399.
Abstract:
According, to the analysis of the pressure field, the constant level chart,the temperature-humidity field (θse),the cloud chart and other materials, this paper discusses the development of Strom 7619 in detail. The emphasis is especially on the features of development in the streamline field. This paper states that the features of the horizontal shear and the vertical shear of the streamline field near the ITCZ are the most important factors for the generating and the dying of a storm. Storm 7619 formed in the deep Easterlies near the southern part of the ITCZ boundary in the area of the smallest vertical shear (2.0-5.0m/s),and in the ensuing 24-48 hours period the lower level shear value incresed rapidly. The above discussion will provide information for weather prediction.
According, to the analysis of the pressure field, the constant level chart,the temperature-humidity field (θse),the cloud chart and other materials, this paper discusses the development of Strom 7619 in detail. The emphasis is especially on the features of development in the streamline field. This paper states that the features of the horizontal shear and the vertical shear of the streamline field near the ITCZ are the most important factors for the generating and the dying of a storm. Storm 7619 formed in the deep Easterlies near the southern part of the ITCZ boundary in the area of the smallest vertical shear (2.0-5.0m/s),and in the ensuing 24-48 hours period the lower level shear value incresed rapidly. The above discussion will provide information for weather prediction.
1981, 3(3): 400-409.
Abstract:
The microwave data. obtained from the experiment of remote sensing oceanography in 1979 are analysed and expounded in this paper. The subjects include marine oil pollution, coastal geology and geomorphology, and observation results of the microwave emissivity on some terrain in site. The experiments show that the instrument performance is higher and the data obtained are valuable to the study of oceanography.
The microwave data. obtained from the experiment of remote sensing oceanography in 1979 are analysed and expounded in this paper. The subjects include marine oil pollution, coastal geology and geomorphology, and observation results of the microwave emissivity on some terrain in site. The experiments show that the instrument performance is higher and the data obtained are valuable to the study of oceanography.
1981, 3(3): 410-422.
Abstract:
This article deals with the determination of the order of reaction of the ion exchange of uranium(VI)with hydrous titanium oxide in seawater by means of differentiation.We designed flowing concentrated seawater with a variety of Uranium concentrations (CR),and obtained the "Uranium extract-Time" Curve, obtained the tangent at t=0, found the slope, which is the rate of ion exchange (d CP/dt)t-v (for simplification, foot sign t=0 is omitted hereinafter),as shown in figures 1 to 6, Various concentrations of uranium CR correspond to various values of (d CP/dt).
This article deals with the determination of the order of reaction of the ion exchange of uranium(VI)with hydrous titanium oxide in seawater by means of differentiation.We designed flowing concentrated seawater with a variety of Uranium concentrations (CR),and obtained the "Uranium extract-Time" Curve, obtained the tangent at t=0, found the slope, which is the rate of ion exchange (d CP/dt)t-v (for simplification, foot sign t=0 is omitted hereinafter),as shown in figures 1 to 6, Various concentrations of uranium CR correspond to various values of (d CP/dt).
1981, 3(3): 423-433.
Abstract:
Water samples collected at 14 sample-collecting staibns duing 2 survey cruises were filtered and dissofved oxygen, salinity, pH and temperature were measured in situ. Based on the analysis of the samples in the laboratory, the distribution andr behaviour of the heavy sietal eleznsnts Cu, Pb and Zn dissolved in the water phase and apparent in the suspened parfticutlate phase in the estuarine mixing zone of the Zhujiang River and adjacent regions have been studied.
Water samples collected at 14 sample-collecting staibns duing 2 survey cruises were filtered and dissofved oxygen, salinity, pH and temperature were measured in situ. Based on the analysis of the samples in the laboratory, the distribution andr behaviour of the heavy sietal eleznsnts Cu, Pb and Zn dissolved in the water phase and apparent in the suspened parfticutlate phase in the estuarine mixing zone of the Zhujiang River and adjacent regions have been studied.
1981, 3(3): 434-459.
Abstract:
In this paper, the heat flow data are mainly taken from Hedt floes, thernal conductivity, thermal gradient, one of the maps in a geophysical atlas of the East and Southeast Asian Seas compiled under the direcfion of Dennis E. Hayes[2].The data of the Sea of Japan are based on the results published by M.Yasui,T.Watanabe and S. Uyeda et al. (1966)[3].
In this paper, the heat flow data are mainly taken from Hedt floes, thernal conductivity, thermal gradient, one of the maps in a geophysical atlas of the East and Southeast Asian Seas compiled under the direcfion of Dennis E. Hayes[2].The data of the Sea of Japan are based on the results published by M.Yasui,T.Watanabe and S. Uyeda et al. (1966)[3].
1981, 3(3): 460-471.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the sedimentary characteristics of the Yellow Sea with emphasis on the horizontal distribution and vertical distribution of the sediments,so as to obtain an understanding of time-space relationship.The Yellow Sea surface sediment generally has a pattern of distrbution which includes three coarse particles and three fine.
This paper deals with the sedimentary characteristics of the Yellow Sea with emphasis on the horizontal distribution and vertical distribution of the sediments,so as to obtain an understanding of time-space relationship.The Yellow Sea surface sediment generally has a pattern of distrbution which includes three coarse particles and three fine.
1981, 3(3): 472-476.
Abstract:
The electroretinogram(ERG) of the intact eyes of the cuttle-fish (Sepiella rmaindrom de Rochebrune) is a. simple cornea's negative wave, followed by a positive off-response.
The electroretinogram(ERG) of the intact eyes of the cuttle-fish (Sepiella rmaindrom de Rochebrune) is a. simple cornea's negative wave, followed by a positive off-response.
1981, 3(3): 477-486.
Abstract:
1.Mature eggs of the Huanghai Herring (Clupea pallasi C.&V.)have the shape of a ball, being demersal and adherent.Egg membrane possesses of irregular fold and yolk is rough, alveolar and short of oil drops.Eggs have a diameter of 1.42-1.54mm. and yolk 1.04-1.18mm. 2.At mean water temperature of 7.4℃, the fertilized eggs begin to divide in 4 hrs.,forming blastule in 14 hrs.,archenteron in 33 hrs.,neurula in 48 hrs., tail bud stage in 99 hrs.and hatch in 279 hrs. 3.New hatched larvae s body mensures 5.24-6.82mm. in length, its head bends down and anus is situated in the hinder part of the body. There are 12 pairs of stellate melanocyte situaled from the hinder margin of yolk to the ventral sides around the anus,a massive melanin spot on each side under the pectoral fin. 4.The postlarva's body is slender. There are 77-83 pairs of myomerie, 28 pairs of melanocytes on each ventral side, three groups of melanin spots on the pectoral fin and some melanian asterisks around the chorda dorsalis of caudal fin in 4 days postlarvae. The melanocytes on each ventral side become smaller and degenerated in 14-16 days after hatching.
1.Mature eggs of the Huanghai Herring (Clupea pallasi C.&V.)have the shape of a ball, being demersal and adherent.Egg membrane possesses of irregular fold and yolk is rough, alveolar and short of oil drops.Eggs have a diameter of 1.42-1.54mm. and yolk 1.04-1.18mm. 2.At mean water temperature of 7.4℃, the fertilized eggs begin to divide in 4 hrs.,forming blastule in 14 hrs.,archenteron in 33 hrs.,neurula in 48 hrs., tail bud stage in 99 hrs.and hatch in 279 hrs. 3.New hatched larvae s body mensures 5.24-6.82mm. in length, its head bends down and anus is situated in the hinder part of the body. There are 12 pairs of stellate melanocyte situaled from the hinder margin of yolk to the ventral sides around the anus,a massive melanin spot on each side under the pectoral fin. 4.The postlarva's body is slender. There are 77-83 pairs of myomerie, 28 pairs of melanocytes on each ventral side, three groups of melanin spots on the pectoral fin and some melanian asterisks around the chorda dorsalis of caudal fin in 4 days postlarvae. The melanocytes on each ventral side become smaller and degenerated in 14-16 days after hatching.
1981, 3(3): 487-499.
Abstract:
The various conditions of extreme value of wave-load on piles are analyzed in this paper, and two parameters-,(H/D) and (H/d),are presented to determine the position of maximum wave-load that depends on wave-period.It is suggested that the combination of the design wave-height and wave-period of the maximum wave-load may be decided by the principle of "equal recurrence-interval".
The various conditions of extreme value of wave-load on piles are analyzed in this paper, and two parameters-,(H/D) and (H/d),are presented to determine the position of maximum wave-load that depends on wave-period.It is suggested that the combination of the design wave-height and wave-period of the maximum wave-load may be decided by the principle of "equal recurrence-interval".
1981, 3(3): 500-515.
Abstract:
Based on the physical model of the port of Lienyungang, flow patterns at spring, middle and neap tides(1978)have been reproduced using the ADI method.The computed results have been compared with those from the physical model,indicating good agreement.Furthermore, Computaions are also made for the possible effect on tidal currents of several proposed projects.
Based on the physical model of the port of Lienyungang, flow patterns at spring, middle and neap tides(1978)have been reproduced using the ADI method.The computed results have been compared with those from the physical model,indicating good agreement.Furthermore, Computaions are also made for the possible effect on tidal currents of several proposed projects.
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