1981 Vol. 3, No. 2
Display Method:
1981, 3(2): 193-210.
Abstract:
A method is proposed for calculating harmonic constants from hourly tidal observations which may be incomplete and have breaks.It is pointed out that among a set of constituents,between which the synodical periods are appreciably longer than the time length of the record,only one can be chosen as a main constituent and the phase-lag-differences and amplitude-ratios of the others to the main constituent (called difference-ratio relations) must be given as a presupposition.A least square fit to the record is given to determine the harmonic constants,and the errors of computations for some interesting cases are shown.
A method is proposed for calculating harmonic constants from hourly tidal observations which may be incomplete and have breaks.It is pointed out that among a set of constituents,between which the synodical periods are appreciably longer than the time length of the record,only one can be chosen as a main constituent and the phase-lag-differences and amplitude-ratios of the others to the main constituent (called difference-ratio relations) must be given as a presupposition.A least square fit to the record is given to determine the harmonic constants,and the errors of computations for some interesting cases are shown.
1981, 3(2): 211-217.
Abstract:
In this paper the monthlymean sensible heating fields of the Northwest Pacific Ocean have been calculated on the basis of observation data.It is shown that the anomalous heating of the Kuroshio region during winter-spring will affect the later positions of the long wave's trough and ridge in westerlies and the temperature in Northeast China.Therefore,the cold summer in Northeast China could be forecasted.
In this paper the monthlymean sensible heating fields of the Northwest Pacific Ocean have been calculated on the basis of observation data.It is shown that the anomalous heating of the Kuroshio region during winter-spring will affect the later positions of the long wave's trough and ridge in westerlies and the temperature in Northeast China.Therefore,the cold summer in Northeast China could be forecasted.
1981, 3(2): 218-225.
Abstract:
The study of the microwave scattering properties on the surface of the sea is one of the basic research works for remote sensing of the wind field over the sea surface,and is an important basis for interpreting information remotely sensed from aircraft or spacecraft.This paper is a preliminary report about the relation between scattering properties and wind field measurements in situ.This paper points out the significance of studying the scattering properties on the sea surface and describes the test platform used.In the paper,the block diagram and operation process of microwave scatterometer are simply described and basic experimental technique is also presented.
The study of the microwave scattering properties on the surface of the sea is one of the basic research works for remote sensing of the wind field over the sea surface,and is an important basis for interpreting information remotely sensed from aircraft or spacecraft.This paper is a preliminary report about the relation between scattering properties and wind field measurements in situ.This paper points out the significance of studying the scattering properties on the sea surface and describes the test platform used.In the paper,the block diagram and operation process of microwave scatterometer are simply described and basic experimental technique is also presented.
1981, 3(2): 226-232.
Abstract:
A platinum thermometer suited for measuring the temperature of sea water is described.Two platinum resistors are used as temperature-sensing elements in a symmetrical Weston's bridge.The results of measurement are displayed digitally with an accuracy < ±0.05℃ in the range -5℃-+35℃.Theoretical analysis and error estimations are made in detail and experimental results are given as well.
A platinum thermometer suited for measuring the temperature of sea water is described.Two platinum resistors are used as temperature-sensing elements in a symmetrical Weston's bridge.The results of measurement are displayed digitally with an accuracy < ±0.05℃ in the range -5℃-+35℃.Theoretical analysis and error estimations are made in detail and experimental results are given as well.
1981, 3(2): 233-246.
Abstract:
According to the data observed on Cl,SO4-,AlK,Mg++,Na++K+ (calculaced value) as well as pH in the Jinjiapg River Estuary for two years or so,the characteristics of the distribution and variation of the relative composition of major hydrochemical constituents in the tidal estuaries are discussed and summarized in present paper.The ratios of all the major constituents to chlorinity in the Jinjiang River Estuary is increasing with the mixing coefficient (γ).The rate of increase in the ratio of each major constituent to chlorinity (ΔI/Cl) in the dry season is greater than that in the flood period.
According to the data observed on Cl,SO4-,AlK,Mg++,Na++K+ (calculaced value) as well as pH in the Jinjiapg River Estuary for two years or so,the characteristics of the distribution and variation of the relative composition of major hydrochemical constituents in the tidal estuaries are discussed and summarized in present paper.The ratios of all the major constituents to chlorinity in the Jinjiang River Estuary is increasing with the mixing coefficient (γ).The rate of increase in the ratio of each major constituent to chlorinity (ΔI/Cl) in the dry season is greater than that in the flood period.
1981, 3(2): 247-254.
Abstract:
At present,the information about absorption of uranium from seawater by basic zinc carbonate is Scarce and literature about the determination of reaction order and activation energy of basic zinc carbonate and uranium in sea water is not available.This paper attempts to tackle these problems by using threenecked flask and spectrophotomertry.Satisfatory results were obtained.Basic zinc carbonate absorbent was prepared and rapidly added into seawater under constant temperature and stirring.Samples of seawater were taken at intervals and the concentration of uranium was determined by spetrophotometry.The reaction order and activity energy were obtained from the experimental data treated with chemical kinetic methods.
At present,the information about absorption of uranium from seawater by basic zinc carbonate is Scarce and literature about the determination of reaction order and activation energy of basic zinc carbonate and uranium in sea water is not available.This paper attempts to tackle these problems by using threenecked flask and spectrophotomertry.Satisfatory results were obtained.Basic zinc carbonate absorbent was prepared and rapidly added into seawater under constant temperature and stirring.Samples of seawater were taken at intervals and the concentration of uranium was determined by spetrophotometry.The reaction order and activity energy were obtained from the experimental data treated with chemical kinetic methods.
1981, 3(2): 255-274.
Abstract:
Ling Ding Yang is one of the estuarine regions of the Zhujiang.Having originally been a portion of the embayment off the Zhujiang mouth during the period of post-glacial high sea level,it acquired the configuration of an estuary in the eighteenth century as a consequence of the development of the Zhujiang Delta plain in the northwest.The bottom relief of Ling Ding Yang can be divided into the following five geomorphic units:the west bank,central bank and and east bank the intervening west and east troughs.
Ling Ding Yang is one of the estuarine regions of the Zhujiang.Having originally been a portion of the embayment off the Zhujiang mouth during the period of post-glacial high sea level,it acquired the configuration of an estuary in the eighteenth century as a consequence of the development of the Zhujiang Delta plain in the northwest.The bottom relief of Ling Ding Yang can be divided into the following five geomorphic units:the west bank,central bank and and east bank the intervening west and east troughs.
1981, 3(2): 275-290.
Abstract:
The pressnt paper is based upon the analysis of food habits of fishcs in Minnon-Taiwanchiantan fishing ground.There are 66 species of the marine food fishes of which 1,978 digestive-tract contents were examined.According to their dietary habits,these fishes may ba separated into 5 types:planktivorous fishes,benthophagous fishes,nektivorous fishes,planktivorous-benthophagous fishes and benthophagous-nektivorous fishes.The morphological structures of digestive organs are generally correlated with the types of their food habits.The consumers can be divided into 3 trophic levels,namely,(1) herbivores,comprisink also omnivores,(2) lower carnivores and middle carnivores,arid (3) higher carnivores,Most of these fishes belong to the lower carnivores.Principal pathways of energy flow in the food web of fish's hsve been summarized.In order to retain the maximum sustainable yield of the lower carnivorous fishes,such as Parargyrops edits,it is necessary to increas:the fishing intensity of the higher carnivorous elasmobranchs.Gastrosaccus hibii,Leptochela gracilis and Bregrraaceros macclellandii,the main food of the p0lzoic fishes,may possibly be used as a biological indicator for searching the fisiinL csnter,this is of considerable significance in practice.
The pressnt paper is based upon the analysis of food habits of fishcs in Minnon-Taiwanchiantan fishing ground.There are 66 species of the marine food fishes of which 1,978 digestive-tract contents were examined.According to their dietary habits,these fishes may ba separated into 5 types:planktivorous fishes,benthophagous fishes,nektivorous fishes,planktivorous-benthophagous fishes and benthophagous-nektivorous fishes.The morphological structures of digestive organs are generally correlated with the types of their food habits.The consumers can be divided into 3 trophic levels,namely,(1) herbivores,comprisink also omnivores,(2) lower carnivores and middle carnivores,arid (3) higher carnivores,Most of these fishes belong to the lower carnivores.Principal pathways of energy flow in the food web of fish's hsve been summarized.In order to retain the maximum sustainable yield of the lower carnivorous fishes,such as Parargyrops edits,it is necessary to increas:the fishing intensity of the higher carnivorous elasmobranchs.Gastrosaccus hibii,Leptochela gracilis and Bregrraaceros macclellandii,the main food of the p0lzoic fishes,may possibly be used as a biological indicator for searching the fisiinL csnter,this is of considerable significance in practice.
1981, 3(2): 291-299.
Abstract:
Wooden panels were exposed under the rafts at 6 sites of Dongshan bay,Fukien province (Fig.1) for monthly,quarterly,and yearly intervals,1961-1965.The major species are listed in Table 2,the percent coverage of surface and the wet weights per unit time are given in Tahles 3,4 and the seasons of attachment are illustrated in Fig.2.There existed a very great difference in both composition and biomass between the fouling community of Dapingyu (in the mouth of bay with more rapid current and stronger wave action prevailing at this time of the year) and that of the other 5 sites(the various sheltered coastal waters).The result showed that the current was the most important factor that influenced the attachment and growth of fouling organisms.In other words the rapid current favours the attachment and growth of fouling organisms.
Wooden panels were exposed under the rafts at 6 sites of Dongshan bay,Fukien province (Fig.1) for monthly,quarterly,and yearly intervals,1961-1965.The major species are listed in Table 2,the percent coverage of surface and the wet weights per unit time are given in Tahles 3,4 and the seasons of attachment are illustrated in Fig.2.There existed a very great difference in both composition and biomass between the fouling community of Dapingyu (in the mouth of bay with more rapid current and stronger wave action prevailing at this time of the year) and that of the other 5 sites(the various sheltered coastal waters).The result showed that the current was the most important factor that influenced the attachment and growth of fouling organisms.In other words the rapid current favours the attachment and growth of fouling organisms.
1981, 3(2): 300-306.
Abstract:
Phototaxis was manifested when portunid were placed under horizontal photogradients of 10-4-102 lux illumination.The phototactic reaction increased with increasing light intensity and reached its maximum within 10-3-10-2 lux region (when the water temperature was 15.0-16.5℃).The phototactic reaction decreased beyond the bounds of 10-2 lux.The background light influences photoaxis of portunid in horizontal photog-radients,but phototactic reaction were essentially the same whether the portunid was on background light or not,with the exception that the reaction in the former case was weaker Than that in the latter one.when phototactic reaction was high,the influence of background light on portunid became less.The influence was greater if the reaction was weaker.The phototactic reaction of portunid under background light was raised,when the intensity of artificial light source was increased within certain bounds.
Phototaxis was manifested when portunid were placed under horizontal photogradients of 10-4-102 lux illumination.The phototactic reaction increased with increasing light intensity and reached its maximum within 10-3-10-2 lux region (when the water temperature was 15.0-16.5℃).The phototactic reaction decreased beyond the bounds of 10-2 lux.The background light influences photoaxis of portunid in horizontal photog-radients,but phototactic reaction were essentially the same whether the portunid was on background light or not,with the exception that the reaction in the former case was weaker Than that in the latter one.when phototactic reaction was high,the influence of background light on portunid became less.The influence was greater if the reaction was weaker.The phototactic reaction of portunid under background light was raised,when the intensity of artificial light source was increased within certain bounds.
1981, 3(2): 307-329.
Abstract:
As the submersible is widely different from ordinary submarines in both its purpose and its working conditions,special requirements must be met in hull construction,operation control,equipment and communication and navigation systems.Because its energy source is lirriited,the cruising range of the submersible is very small and it has to be carried by other vehicles.Consequently,strict displacement requiremnts must also be met.Therefore,the principle of design and method of analysis of the submersible are greatly ditterent trom those of ordinary submarines.Based on experience in the design of the submersible and some related reserch work,the author made an analysis of the special considerations in the design of submersible,starting from the weight equation and the equation of motion,and obtained the following conclusions.
As the submersible is widely different from ordinary submarines in both its purpose and its working conditions,special requirements must be met in hull construction,operation control,equipment and communication and navigation systems.Because its energy source is lirriited,the cruising range of the submersible is very small and it has to be carried by other vehicles.Consequently,strict displacement requiremnts must also be met.Therefore,the principle of design and method of analysis of the submersible are greatly ditterent trom those of ordinary submarines.Based on experience in the design of the submersible and some related reserch work,the author made an analysis of the special considerations in the design of submersible,starting from the weight equation and the equation of motion,and obtained the following conclusions.
1981, 3(2): 330-347.
Abstract:
Based upon regular wave experimental data and taking into consideration the boundary and continuity conditions which must be satisfied in wave diffraction,we obtained empirical formulas for computing diffraction coefficients of regular waves passing a semi-infinite single breakwater.From wave spectrum theory,principally taking into account the angular spectrum of irregular waves,we further derived analytical formulas to compute diffraction coefficients of irregular waves trarelling around a semi-infinite single breakwater.The calculated values of diffraction coefficients have been compared with measured data.Preliminary result of comparison indecated that generally they are in good agreement.The formulas proposed in this paper can thus be applied to the designing breakwatewaters.For the purpose of rapid computation of the approximate values of diffraction coefficients in the preliminary stage of design,a series of tables and diagrams have been prepared using the proposed formulas,Tables and diagrams can be used equivalently to each other.
Based upon regular wave experimental data and taking into consideration the boundary and continuity conditions which must be satisfied in wave diffraction,we obtained empirical formulas for computing diffraction coefficients of regular waves passing a semi-infinite single breakwater.From wave spectrum theory,principally taking into account the angular spectrum of irregular waves,we further derived analytical formulas to compute diffraction coefficients of irregular waves trarelling around a semi-infinite single breakwater.The calculated values of diffraction coefficients have been compared with measured data.Preliminary result of comparison indecated that generally they are in good agreement.The formulas proposed in this paper can thus be applied to the designing breakwatewaters.For the purpose of rapid computation of the approximate values of diffraction coefficients in the preliminary stage of design,a series of tables and diagrams have been prepared using the proposed formulas,Tables and diagrams can be used equivalently to each other.
Email alert
RSS