1981 Vol. 3, No. 1
Display Method:
1981, 3(1): 1-13.
Abstract:
In order to calculate the wind indnced current and the density current which vary with oceon depth the auther presents a method for calculating the current velocity from the distributions of wind stresses at the sea surface and the density distribution of sea water.The horizontal gradients of pressure at any determined by making certain assumptions,and the coefficients of vertical eddy viscosity are obtained by comparing the calculated values of the current velocities at sea surface with the observed ones.We used this method to calculate the current velocities at any depth in Kuroshio,since it gives comparatively satisfactory results in the positions of the branches of Kuroshio,the situations of the current axis of Kuroshio etc.,the validity of this method is verified.
In order to calculate the wind indnced current and the density current which vary with oceon depth the auther presents a method for calculating the current velocity from the distributions of wind stresses at the sea surface and the density distribution of sea water.The horizontal gradients of pressure at any determined by making certain assumptions,and the coefficients of vertical eddy viscosity are obtained by comparing the calculated values of the current velocities at sea surface with the observed ones.We used this method to calculate the current velocities at any depth in Kuroshio,since it gives comparatively satisfactory results in the positions of the branches of Kuroshio,the situations of the current axis of Kuroshio etc.,the validity of this method is verified.
1981, 3(1): 14-27.
Abstract:
An empirical orthogonal function analysis has been applied to solve the forecast problem of the monthly mean sea surface temperature for the East China Sea and the ad jacent waters.The data matrix of the original sea surface temperature fields can be separated into two components,i.e.the spatial and temporal components.According to the properties of its spatial component that almost does not change with time and through the extrapolation of its temporal component,the prediction for large area sea surface temperature will be achieved.The time coffieients for temporal component are predicted by means of traverse and vertical time series method.
An empirical orthogonal function analysis has been applied to solve the forecast problem of the monthly mean sea surface temperature for the East China Sea and the ad jacent waters.The data matrix of the original sea surface temperature fields can be separated into two components,i.e.the spatial and temporal components.According to the properties of its spatial component that almost does not change with time and through the extrapolation of its temporal component,the prediction for large area sea surface temperature will be achieved.The time coffieients for temporal component are predicted by means of traverse and vertical time series method.
1981, 3(1): 28-43.
Abstract:
Because of geographic circumstances storm surges in the Taiwan straits,are quite characteristic and typhoon strikes are frequent.Using crossed gries,a semi-implicit difference scheme and wind field computations based on the model of a moving typhon's wind field,non-linear numerocal computations have been made.forthe storm surges formed from the typhoons which directhy strike the Taiwan straits along three main tracks.The close correlation between computations and observations confirms the correct choice of the difference scheme stability and boundary conditions by the anchors of this paper.the paper depicts the peculiar life history of storm surges in the Jaiwan straits and dernonstrates that typhoon tracks,typhoon intensities and bottom friction have significant influence upon storm surges in this strait.
Because of geographic circumstances storm surges in the Taiwan straits,are quite characteristic and typhoon strikes are frequent.Using crossed gries,a semi-implicit difference scheme and wind field computations based on the model of a moving typhon's wind field,non-linear numerocal computations have been made.forthe storm surges formed from the typhoons which directhy strike the Taiwan straits along three main tracks.The close correlation between computations and observations confirms the correct choice of the difference scheme stability and boundary conditions by the anchors of this paper.the paper depicts the peculiar life history of storm surges in the Jaiwan straits and dernonstrates that typhoon tracks,typhoon intensities and bottom friction have significant influence upon storm surges in this strait.
1981, 3(1): 44-56.
Abstract:
In this paper,fujita's and Myers's formulas which have been used only for circular-symmetrical construction of the typhoon are generalized.as a general pressure formula.Their formulae and analogy are valid for different constructions of the typhoon pressure field.To avoid the difficulty of using the maximum wind velocity radius R and the typhoon constant ro,we constructed a general pressure distribution formula without R and r.Using these pressure distribution formulae and the methods of resultant wind velocity for moving typhoon,obtained the wind velocity distribution formulae for stationary and moving typhoons. These formulas are convenient for computations of the pressure and the wind velocity of nearshore typhoons.The computational results are in agreement with the data observed for the pressure fields and wind fields of Nos.7006,7609 and 7613 strong typhoons.
In this paper,fujita's and Myers's formulas which have been used only for circular-symmetrical construction of the typhoon are generalized.as a general pressure formula.Their formulae and analogy are valid for different constructions of the typhoon pressure field.To avoid the difficulty of using the maximum wind velocity radius R and the typhoon constant ro,we constructed a general pressure distribution formula without R and r.Using these pressure distribution formulae and the methods of resultant wind velocity for moving typhoon,obtained the wind velocity distribution formulae for stationary and moving typhoons. These formulas are convenient for computations of the pressure and the wind velocity of nearshore typhoons.The computational results are in agreement with the data observed for the pressure fields and wind fields of Nos.7006,7609 and 7613 strong typhoons.
1981, 3(1): 57-69.
Abstract:
It was observed in experiments that the signal waveforms in shallow water with thermocline had regular multipath structures and the waveforms of received signals strongly depended on the source and receiver depths.When both the source and receiver were located above the thermocline,each received signal consisted of a train of almost equispaced pulses.
It was observed in experiments that the signal waveforms in shallow water with thermocline had regular multipath structures and the waveforms of received signals strongly depended on the source and receiver depths.When both the source and receiver were located above the thermocline,each received signal consisted of a train of almost equispaced pulses.
1981, 3(1): 70-78.
Abstract:
Assuming that shallow water with a positive sound velocity gradient has a rough surface,the change of surface height is a stationary stochastic process with Gaussian distribution.The normal-modes which can reach receiver are summed according to energy,and an expression for the averaged intensity is then obtained by averaging over the source and receiver depth witthin the turning-depth of pseudo-plane waves corresponding to these normal-modes.Theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data.The structure of the sound field in the case of a quiet sea surface as a special case of rough surface.
Assuming that shallow water with a positive sound velocity gradient has a rough surface,the change of surface height is a stationary stochastic process with Gaussian distribution.The normal-modes which can reach receiver are summed according to energy,and an expression for the averaged intensity is then obtained by averaging over the source and receiver depth witthin the turning-depth of pseudo-plane waves corresponding to these normal-modes.Theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data.The structure of the sound field in the case of a quiet sea surface as a special case of rough surface.
1981, 3(1): 79-85.
Abstract:
Some previous works and our experimental data have shown that the adsorption process of Uranium on the titanic gel in sea water could be treated by using langmuir's theory of monolayer adsorption.A method for determining the activation energy of adsorption is proposed on the basis of this theory with some simplifying assumptions in connection with the characteristics of the adsorption process——low velocity of adsorption,long time to reach equilibrium,and low percentage extraction.By use of this method,the activation energy of uranium adsorbed on the titanic gel in the natural sea water has been determined and found to be about 10 kcal./mol.
Some previous works and our experimental data have shown that the adsorption process of Uranium on the titanic gel in sea water could be treated by using langmuir's theory of monolayer adsorption.A method for determining the activation energy of adsorption is proposed on the basis of this theory with some simplifying assumptions in connection with the characteristics of the adsorption process——low velocity of adsorption,long time to reach equilibrium,and low percentage extraction.By use of this method,the activation energy of uranium adsorbed on the titanic gel in the natural sea water has been determined and found to be about 10 kcal./mol.
1981, 3(1): 86-96.
Abstract:
AHP resin organic adsorbent for extraction of uranium from sea water,which was synthesized in the aqueous phase with tetraethylene pentamine(TEPA), epichlorohydrin(ECH)and C-reagent as the raw material and rubber solvent oil(120 gasoline)as the pore-producing agent is recommended here.The characteristics of the resin are:(1)It has a great exchange capacity;20-40 mesh of wet sample was able to adsorb stably over 900μg U/g-dry resin through which fresh sea water was fassed for 15 days(the average adsorption capacity of five sets of sample was 1163 μg U/g-dry resin,but 1560μg U/g-dry resin was the highest degree of adsoption among the samples);(2)It has a high exchange rate;a gram of the resin was able to absorb about 80μg of uranium every day;(3)it has a good selection and a high extraction rate and is less affected by the temperature of sea water;(4)it is reusable:there was a set of samples which had been used 12 times and the average adsorption capacity was 620μg U/g-dry resin and the loss by solution was about 5.6%;(5)It has a lower mechanical strength and a higher loss on dissolving:the loss by solution in the first period of use was about 20%. This sort of resin has never been reported before.
AHP resin organic adsorbent for extraction of uranium from sea water,which was synthesized in the aqueous phase with tetraethylene pentamine(TEPA), epichlorohydrin(ECH)and C-reagent as the raw material and rubber solvent oil(120 gasoline)as the pore-producing agent is recommended here.The characteristics of the resin are:(1)It has a great exchange capacity;20-40 mesh of wet sample was able to adsorb stably over 900μg U/g-dry resin through which fresh sea water was fassed for 15 days(the average adsorption capacity of five sets of sample was 1163 μg U/g-dry resin,but 1560μg U/g-dry resin was the highest degree of adsoption among the samples);(2)It has a high exchange rate;a gram of the resin was able to absorb about 80μg of uranium every day;(3)it has a good selection and a high extraction rate and is less affected by the temperature of sea water;(4)it is reusable:there was a set of samples which had been used 12 times and the average adsorption capacity was 620μg U/g-dry resin and the loss by solution was about 5.6%;(5)It has a lower mechanical strength and a higher loss on dissolving:the loss by solution in the first period of use was about 20%. This sort of resin has never been reported before.
1981, 3(1): 97-112.
Abstract:
A great amount of data on cores shows that the total thickness of the Quarternary(Pleistocene)deltaic sediments of the Changjian Delta is some 100-150m.The existence of four transgressions with correspoding marine facies was found.The upper-mostpart,to a thickness of 30m,is entirely from the Holocene Age.
A great amount of data on cores shows that the total thickness of the Quarternary(Pleistocene)deltaic sediments of the Changjian Delta is some 100-150m.The existence of four transgressions with correspoding marine facies was found.The upper-mostpart,to a thickness of 30m,is entirely from the Holocene Age.
1981, 3(1): 114-130.
Abstract:
In the quarternary sediments of the coastal plain and shallow sea shelf in East China,there are two continental and three marine facies overlapping in orde in layers,and containing quantity of fossils which demarcated cold or warm climates since Late Pleistocene Epoch,although neither ice-edge nor ice-water sediment have been found.The time of formarion chow that continental and marine facies sediments.Paleogeomagnetic and C14 dating agrees wiht the alternating times of the glacial and interglacial periods of the world.When the and time series of the paleo-sea-levels and the paleo-offshore areas are analyzed,the results indicate that sea level variation in East China is basically consistent with global climatesea level variating periods.
In the quarternary sediments of the coastal plain and shallow sea shelf in East China,there are two continental and three marine facies overlapping in orde in layers,and containing quantity of fossils which demarcated cold or warm climates since Late Pleistocene Epoch,although neither ice-edge nor ice-water sediment have been found.The time of formarion chow that continental and marine facies sediments.Paleogeomagnetic and C14 dating agrees wiht the alternating times of the glacial and interglacial periods of the world.When the and time series of the paleo-sea-levels and the paleo-offshore areas are analyzed,the results indicate that sea level variation in East China is basically consistent with global climatesea level variating periods.
1981, 3(1): 131-136.
Abstract:
This report is based upon two collections of benthic organisms by the National Bureau of Oceanography on continental shelf in the East China Sea during Oct.-Nov.1977 and Sept.-Oct.1978.The present article shows that the intersection between longer diameter of the calicle and the long edge of corallite can be considered as one of used for the identification of characteristics Flabellumian corals.The angles have been measured and used in Hierarchical Clustering Metliod to study the taxonomy of some East China Sea flabellumian corals(i.e.Flahellacm rubruan,F.pccvoninuna pari pavoninum, and F,distinctum).This method indicates that it is an extremely useful and decisive characteristics in the taxonomic systematics of some flabellumian corals.
This report is based upon two collections of benthic organisms by the National Bureau of Oceanography on continental shelf in the East China Sea during Oct.-Nov.1977 and Sept.-Oct.1978.The present article shows that the intersection between longer diameter of the calicle and the long edge of corallite can be considered as one of used for the identification of characteristics Flabellumian corals.The angles have been measured and used in Hierarchical Clustering Metliod to study the taxonomy of some East China Sea flabellumian corals(i.e.Flahellacm rubruan,F.pccvoninuna pari pavoninum, and F,distinctum).This method indicates that it is an extremely useful and decisive characteristics in the taxonomic systematics of some flabellumian corals.
1981, 3(1): 139-148.
Abstract:
The present investigation on marine fouling and boring organisms was undertaken during the period from September 1977 to August 1978 with test panels.In addition,a preliminary survey of fouling organisms attached to the concrete piling of platform and buoys was carried out.Greater emphasis vas laid on the following subjects;the composition of fouling community,the season of attachment of major fouling organisms,the relative abundance and the vertical distribution of fouling organisms at concrete piling of platform.
The present investigation on marine fouling and boring organisms was undertaken during the period from September 1977 to August 1978 with test panels.In addition,a preliminary survey of fouling organisms attached to the concrete piling of platform and buoys was carried out.Greater emphasis vas laid on the following subjects;the composition of fouling community,the season of attachment of major fouling organisms,the relative abundance and the vertical distribution of fouling organisms at concrete piling of platform.
1981, 3(1): 149-156.
Abstract:
Phototaxis of Round scad and chub Mackerel in different photogradient is influenced by the external and internal factors,such as illuminating systen,temperature and age.Experimental results show that although the type of phototaxis and optimum illumination depend on experimental conditions,they are in agreement with the experience of production practice.
Phototaxis of Round scad and chub Mackerel in different photogradient is influenced by the external and internal factors,such as illuminating systen,temperature and age.Experimental results show that although the type of phototaxis and optimum illumination depend on experimental conditions,they are in agreement with the experience of production practice.
1981, 3(1): 157-164.
Abstract:
By using the concept of the joint probability distribution of independent stochastic variables,this paper gives an analysis of the maximum total wave forces on pile groups due to irregular wave action.Methods for calculating the maximum total wave forces on pile groups consi- dering both the wave energy spectrum and the directional wave spectrum are also given in this paper,and special computer programs MAXTOTWAF-PGZ-1 and MAXTOTWAF-PGZ-2 are developed for the purpose of calculation.
By using the concept of the joint probability distribution of independent stochastic variables,this paper gives an analysis of the maximum total wave forces on pile groups due to irregular wave action.Methods for calculating the maximum total wave forces on pile groups consi- dering both the wave energy spectrum and the directional wave spectrum are also given in this paper,and special computer programs MAXTOTWAF-PGZ-1 and MAXTOTWAF-PGZ-2 are developed for the purpose of calculation.
1981, 3(1): 165-183.
Abstract:
Fron the simplified mechanism of two-dimensional turbulent diffusion field of the sea,the turbulent diffusion equation is derived and a mathematical model is developed in this paper.The foundamental parameters of horizontal turbulent di,fusion due to isotropic small-scale eddies are obtained from regression analysis of experimental data of thirty observations in eight areas along Chinese coastal waters.Furthermore,the basic laws of turbulent diffusion in sea water off the Chinese coast are derived as K=0.0025U2t and K=0.05U1,showing that the relationship between the coefficient of diffusion and the dimension of the cloud released is a linear one,contrary to the usually accepted 4/3 power law.Pollution of waste disposal into the sea is also discussed and the prediction formula for china coastal waters is derived.Finally,the problems of volume and confinual waste disposal into the sea are discussed.
Fron the simplified mechanism of two-dimensional turbulent diffusion field of the sea,the turbulent diffusion equation is derived and a mathematical model is developed in this paper.The foundamental parameters of horizontal turbulent di,fusion due to isotropic small-scale eddies are obtained from regression analysis of experimental data of thirty observations in eight areas along Chinese coastal waters.Furthermore,the basic laws of turbulent diffusion in sea water off the Chinese coast are derived as K=0.0025U2t and K=0.05U1,showing that the relationship between the coefficient of diffusion and the dimension of the cloud released is a linear one,contrary to the usually accepted 4/3 power law.Pollution of waste disposal into the sea is also discussed and the prediction formula for china coastal waters is derived.Finally,the problems of volume and confinual waste disposal into the sea are discussed.
1981, 3(1): 184-187.
Abstract:
In the courses of a detailed systematic investigation,Hydromedusae here llected from Xiamen(Amoy)Harbour during August 1972-September 1973,one of which proved to be a new species.A new genus has been erected for the species,which belongs to Tubulariidae in Anthomedusae.The new generic and specific diagnoses are as follows.
In the courses of a detailed systematic investigation,Hydromedusae here llected from Xiamen(Amoy)Harbour during August 1972-September 1973,one of which proved to be a new species.A new genus has been erected for the species,which belongs to Tubulariidae in Anthomedusae.The new generic and specific diagnoses are as follows.
1981, 3(1): 188-192.
Abstract:
Calcareous nannoplankton from surface sediments of the East China Sea was investigated for the first time.As revealed by the preliminary study,coccoliths are highly concentrated in sediments at the outer edge of the continental shelf and on the continental slope,being decreasing in number towarels deeper(bottom of the Ryukyu Trench)and shallower watef areas.The calcareous nannoplankton of the northern part of the East China Sea is dominated by wide-spred species such as Gephyrocapsa oceanico Kamptner and Emiliunia huxleyi(Lohmann)Hay and Mohler. The species diversity is rising southwards,with appearence of some warm-water species,as Helicopontosphueru kamptneri Hay and Mohler,Umbilicosphaera mirabilis Lohmann,Ceratolithus cristatus Kamptner,Rhabdosphner still fer Lohmann, Thoracosphaera sp.,Syrucosphaerd sp.and Bruarudosphaera bigelowi(Gran and Braarud)Deflandre etc.It is suggested,therefore,the main part of the East China Sea belongs to the North subtropic zone in the pacific biogeography zonation of nannoplankton,but its northernmost part——to the Boreal zone.
Calcareous nannoplankton from surface sediments of the East China Sea was investigated for the first time.As revealed by the preliminary study,coccoliths are highly concentrated in sediments at the outer edge of the continental shelf and on the continental slope,being decreasing in number towarels deeper(bottom of the Ryukyu Trench)and shallower watef areas.The calcareous nannoplankton of the northern part of the East China Sea is dominated by wide-spred species such as Gephyrocapsa oceanico Kamptner and Emiliunia huxleyi(Lohmann)Hay and Mohler. The species diversity is rising southwards,with appearence of some warm-water species,as Helicopontosphueru kamptneri Hay and Mohler,Umbilicosphaera mirabilis Lohmann,Ceratolithus cristatus Kamptner,Rhabdosphner still fer Lohmann, Thoracosphaera sp.,Syrucosphaerd sp.and Bruarudosphaera bigelowi(Gran and Braarud)Deflandre etc.It is suggested,therefore,the main part of the East China Sea belongs to the North subtropic zone in the pacific biogeography zonation of nannoplankton,but its northernmost part——to the Boreal zone.
Email alert
RSS