1980 Vol. 2, No. 2
Display Method:
1980, 2(2): 1-6.
Abstract:
The steady state advective-turbulent diffusion equation is solved for two dimensonal "jet-like flow" of the Chang Jing(Yang River) diluted area.If a transverse velocity is not zero,there is bimodal distribution and there appears to be some tendencies to attract the open sea water which has been found from the solved process.On the right side of the "jet-like flow" there is an anticyclonic gyre,and on the left side there is a cyclonic gyre.For the summer surface salinity distribution of the Chang Jing diluted water,a possible mathematical model was given.Compared with the observed value,the central part of the "jet-like flow" is consistent with the observed one,but at the boundary part the computed value is not consistent with the observed one.
The steady state advective-turbulent diffusion equation is solved for two dimensonal "jet-like flow" of the Chang Jing(Yang River) diluted area.If a transverse velocity is not zero,there is bimodal distribution and there appears to be some tendencies to attract the open sea water which has been found from the solved process.On the right side of the "jet-like flow" there is an anticyclonic gyre,and on the left side there is a cyclonic gyre.For the summer surface salinity distribution of the Chang Jing diluted water,a possible mathematical model was given.Compared with the observed value,the central part of the "jet-like flow" is consistent with the observed one,but at the boundary part the computed value is not consistent with the observed one.
1980, 2(2): 7-19.
Abstract:
In recent years,applications of finite element methods to some problems in physical oceanography have been reported.The present paper is devoted to application of finite element methods to the calculation of three-dimentional ocean current.We establish the equations of finite element approximation for three-dimensional ocean current.We start with the basic principle of fluid mechanics(the principle of virtual power)and incompres sibility of the seawater.Considering gravitational forces,coriolis forces,the forces due to gradients of pressure and lateral and vertical friction and neglecting forces due to accelerations,we can write equation(2.2).It may always be assumed in the theory of ocean currents that 1)as i=3,the vertical balance of forces are the vertical pressure gradient and gravitational force and 2) the vertical velocity component(U3m) may always be neglected except for(2.14).Then the global system of equations(Matrix forms) are given as(2.30)-(2.32).The finite element interpolation error is given as(3.14).The discussion of results and problems,see part 4.
In recent years,applications of finite element methods to some problems in physical oceanography have been reported.The present paper is devoted to application of finite element methods to the calculation of three-dimentional ocean current.We establish the equations of finite element approximation for three-dimensional ocean current.We start with the basic principle of fluid mechanics(the principle of virtual power)and incompres sibility of the seawater.Considering gravitational forces,coriolis forces,the forces due to gradients of pressure and lateral and vertical friction and neglecting forces due to accelerations,we can write equation(2.2).It may always be assumed in the theory of ocean currents that 1)as i=3,the vertical balance of forces are the vertical pressure gradient and gravitational force and 2) the vertical velocity component(U3m) may always be neglected except for(2.14).Then the global system of equations(Matrix forms) are given as(2.30)-(2.32).The finite element interpolation error is given as(3.14).The discussion of results and problems,see part 4.
1980, 2(2): 20-26.
Abstract:
Three problems are discussed in this paper.1.The necessary duration of observation for obtaining precise mean sea level values.In order to obtain a mean sea level with an accuracy of ±lcm,in some ports in the Yellow Sea,it would take 16-18 years or nearly 19 years to accumulate accurate mean sea level data with the implication that some tidal stations in the Yellow Sea are located in places where the earthy s crust is in a period of relative stability;while in Bo Hai(Pohai sea)it would take much longer than 19 years,with the implication that the earth's crust is not stable and that in its vicinity there is a possibility of impending large earthquakes or incidence of earthquakes.
Three problems are discussed in this paper.1.The necessary duration of observation for obtaining precise mean sea level values.In order to obtain a mean sea level with an accuracy of ±lcm,in some ports in the Yellow Sea,it would take 16-18 years or nearly 19 years to accumulate accurate mean sea level data with the implication that some tidal stations in the Yellow Sea are located in places where the earthy s crust is in a period of relative stability;while in Bo Hai(Pohai sea)it would take much longer than 19 years,with the implication that the earth's crust is not stable and that in its vicinity there is a possibility of impending large earthquakes or incidence of earthquakes.
1980, 2(2): 27-40.
Abstract:
This paper analyses the relationship between the the North Pacific and the North Atlantic on monthly sea surface temperatures over the one hand and the sea level pressures,high of 500mb and 1000m1-500mb layer thickness over the Northern Hemisphere on the other,ire the winter half years(October-March)during 1951-1975.
This paper analyses the relationship between the the North Pacific and the North Atlantic on monthly sea surface temperatures over the one hand and the sea level pressures,high of 500mb and 1000m1-500mb layer thickness over the Northern Hemisphere on the other,ire the winter half years(October-March)during 1951-1975.
1980, 2(2): 41-54.
Abstract:
The summer monsoon activity is responsible for rainfall formation over china,especially in the eastern part.The anomalies of monsoon activity,change of intensity,early or later onset usually bring about drought or flood in one or another part of our country.Consequently,a detailed analysis of the monsoon actvity for individual year is worthwhile.This sort of study may be helpful for research of the formation causes and the improvement of the long range weather forecasting.
The summer monsoon activity is responsible for rainfall formation over china,especially in the eastern part.The anomalies of monsoon activity,change of intensity,early or later onset usually bring about drought or flood in one or another part of our country.Consequently,a detailed analysis of the monsoon actvity for individual year is worthwhile.This sort of study may be helpful for research of the formation causes and the improvement of the long range weather forecasting.
1980, 2(2): 56-63.
Abstract:
This paper presents the result of experiments and analyses on the property atenuation of He-Ne laser beam(6328Å).The experiments were carried out in situ October 1977 and June 1978 at the outer sea of Qingdao.
This paper presents the result of experiments and analyses on the property atenuation of He-Ne laser beam(6328Å).The experiments were carried out in situ October 1977 and June 1978 at the outer sea of Qingdao.
1980, 2(2): 64-69.
Abstract:
The reflections of the plane wave in a stratified medium with variable density have been investigated by many authors.Owing to the mathematical difficulty,generally the selected medium model may be either troublesome in calculation or quite different from the practical situation.In this paper,a medium model that is not only simple with an extensive representation but also convenient for calculation has been selected by uti lizing a specificity of mathematic symmetry between 4 and 6.
The reflections of the plane wave in a stratified medium with variable density have been investigated by many authors.Owing to the mathematical difficulty,generally the selected medium model may be either troublesome in calculation or quite different from the practical situation.In this paper,a medium model that is not only simple with an extensive representation but also convenient for calculation has been selected by uti lizing a specificity of mathematic symmetry between 4 and 6.
1980, 2(2): 70-79.
Abstract:
The maximum value of dissolved oxygen in its vertical distribution in the Yellow Sea was studied.It is concluded that the oxygen maximum in the summer thermocline is mainly reserved from winter.Similar reservation occurs also in density and temperature in the cold water mass of the Yellow Sea.Above and below the depth of the oxygen maximum,the oxygen content is decreased by an increase of temperature and the decomposition of organic matter respectively.
The maximum value of dissolved oxygen in its vertical distribution in the Yellow Sea was studied.It is concluded that the oxygen maximum in the summer thermocline is mainly reserved from winter.Similar reservation occurs also in density and temperature in the cold water mass of the Yellow Sea.Above and below the depth of the oxygen maximum,the oxygen content is decreased by an increase of temperature and the decomposition of organic matter respectively.
1980, 2(2): 81-93.
Abstract:
The paper takes marine organisms,i.e.mussel Mytilus crassitesta lischke,clam Arca subcrenatd lischke,prawn Penaeus orientdlis kishinouye,Pendeus pencillatus Alcock,as well as brown algae Laminaria Tdponica Aresh,green algae Enteromorpha intestinalis Link and phytoplankton platymonas sp.as material for experiment,on the understanding that certain water temperature,concentration of radionuclides in 5×10-8Ci/l,make use of the method of feeding radionuclides in the laboratory experiment and determine concentra tion factors of 60Co and 137Cs in them.
The paper takes marine organisms,i.e.mussel Mytilus crassitesta lischke,clam Arca subcrenatd lischke,prawn Penaeus orientdlis kishinouye,Pendeus pencillatus Alcock,as well as brown algae Laminaria Tdponica Aresh,green algae Enteromorpha intestinalis Link and phytoplankton platymonas sp.as material for experiment,on the understanding that certain water temperature,concentration of radionuclides in 5×10-8Ci/l,make use of the method of feeding radionuclides in the laboratory experiment and determine concentra tion factors of 60Co and 137Cs in them.
1980, 2(2): 94-111.
Abstract:
The continental shelf of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea is one of the widest shelves of the world,with a width of 600 km and an average gradient less than 1'.During recent years,it has been studied in detail by various Chinese Institutions,especially National Bureau of Oceanography and Marine Geological Survey,Department of Geology.For example,on the shelf of the Yellow Sea,in an area of 240,000 sq.km,scientists of National Bureau of Oceanography have collected 684 samples of bottom sediments and 94 piston coring samples.In addition,a large number of echo-sounding records,seismic reflection profiles and gravity and magnetic measurements have been taken.Consequently,the continental shelf of East China is better known.
The continental shelf of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea is one of the widest shelves of the world,with a width of 600 km and an average gradient less than 1'.During recent years,it has been studied in detail by various Chinese Institutions,especially National Bureau of Oceanography and Marine Geological Survey,Department of Geology.For example,on the shelf of the Yellow Sea,in an area of 240,000 sq.km,scientists of National Bureau of Oceanography have collected 684 samples of bottom sediments and 94 piston coring samples.In addition,a large number of echo-sounding records,seismic reflection profiles and gravity and magnetic measurements have been taken.Consequently,the continental shelf of East China is better known.
1980, 2(2): 112-123.
Abstract:
The Huangyan Dao(Democracy Atoll) is situated 890 km.SE of the Pearl River estuary,rising 3500m from the bottom of the South China Sea at 15°09'N and 117°45'E.The atoll approximates an isosceles an isoscsceles triangle,Which measures about 15km both from N to S and W to E.
The Huangyan Dao(Democracy Atoll) is situated 890 km.SE of the Pearl River estuary,rising 3500m from the bottom of the South China Sea at 15°09'N and 117°45'E.The atoll approximates an isosceles an isoscsceles triangle,Which measures about 15km both from N to S and W to E.
1980, 2(2): 124-131.
Abstract:
The present paper is the first part of a study of the Cirripedia in China Sea.The materials based upon were collected from the costal zone and shallow water of the continental shelf during the years 1955-1979 by the Biological Department,University of Hangchow.80 species belonging to 29 genera,13 families have been found.of these species,27 are recorded for the first time from China.There are about 71 species found in the South China sea,53 in the East China Sea and only about 17 in the Yellow Sea.
The present paper is the first part of a study of the Cirripedia in China Sea.The materials based upon were collected from the costal zone and shallow water of the continental shelf during the years 1955-1979 by the Biological Department,University of Hangchow.80 species belonging to 29 genera,13 families have been found.of these species,27 are recorded for the first time from China.There are about 71 species found in the South China sea,53 in the East China Sea and only about 17 in the Yellow Sea.
1980, 2(2): 132-148.
Abstract:
This paper presents the results of a study of the systematics and larval developpment of Archiannelids collected from the littoral zone of the Yellow Sea.Five speties belonging to 3 families and 4 genera are identified.Of these,two are new species and two are recorded for the first time from Chinese waters.The Archiannelida are probably an artificial group uniting the Annelids of primitive structure.Most of them are meiobenthos.The Archiannelida form a heterogeneous group of annelids and should be considered as different families of polychaeta.
This paper presents the results of a study of the systematics and larval developpment of Archiannelids collected from the littoral zone of the Yellow Sea.Five speties belonging to 3 families and 4 genera are identified.Of these,two are new species and two are recorded for the first time from Chinese waters.The Archiannelida are probably an artificial group uniting the Annelids of primitive structure.Most of them are meiobenthos.The Archiannelida form a heterogeneous group of annelids and should be considered as different families of polychaeta.
1980, 2(2): 149-157.
Abstract:
This paper is based on materials collected from the coastal waters of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and west to 127°E between 27°N to 34°N during the period of 1960 and 1971 through 1975.The distrubution of the plankton of these two sea regions is identified into three communities,each with its characteristics.and dominant species and each occupying a definite water body.
This paper is based on materials collected from the coastal waters of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and west to 127°E between 27°N to 34°N during the period of 1960 and 1971 through 1975.The distrubution of the plankton of these two sea regions is identified into three communities,each with its characteristics.and dominant species and each occupying a definite water body.
1980, 2(2): 158-180.
Abstract:
A fourth order theory for nonlinear interactions among gravity waves in water of any depth has been presented in this paper.Based on this solution exprssions to the same order for progressive waves,short-crested waves and nonlinear interaction between wave and vertical wall has also been derived.
A fourth order theory for nonlinear interactions among gravity waves in water of any depth has been presented in this paper.Based on this solution exprssions to the same order for progressive waves,short-crested waves and nonlinear interaction between wave and vertical wall has also been derived.
1980, 2(2): 181-185.
Abstract:
A sca-going bas chromatographic system for determination of total inorganic carbon in sea water is descrihcd.A new design of the sample stripping chamber and method of calibration for determination of total inorganic carbon in sea water by gas chromatography are presented and discussed.When the above new design and calibrating method are used,the operation is easy and analytical results are precise and reliable.
A sca-going bas chromatographic system for determination of total inorganic carbon in sea water is descrihcd.A new design of the sample stripping chamber and method of calibration for determination of total inorganic carbon in sea water by gas chromatography are presented and discussed.When the above new design and calibrating method are used,the operation is easy and analytical results are precise and reliable.
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