堤前红树林对直立堤波压力影响的数值模拟研究

雷佳欣; 张荣; 陈永平; 王远; 姚鹏

堤前红树林对直立堤波压力影响的数值模拟研究

雷佳欣^2,,
张荣^{1, 2},
陈永平^{1, 2, ,},
王远²,
姚鹏^{1, 2}

1.
河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室，江苏南京 210098
2.
河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院，江苏南京 210098

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3008100）。

详细信息

作者简介:
雷佳欣，硕士生，主要从事生态海堤模型实验及数值模拟研究。E-mail：leijiaxin2023@163.com

通讯作者:
陈永平，博士，教授，主要从事海岸灾害与防灾减灾研究。E-mail：ypchen@hhu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P731.22
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出版历程
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-04

Numerical simulation on the impact of mangroves on wave pressure on vertical sea dikes

Lei Jiaxin^2
,,
Zhang Rong^{1, 2},
Chen Yongping^{1, 2
, ,},
Wang Yuan²,
Yao Peng^{1, 2}

1.
The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098 China
2.
College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098 China

摘要

摘要: 基于非静压模型SWASH，建立数值波浪水槽，通过设置有无红树林的对比实验，系统研究了波浪-红树林-直立堤相互作用时的水动力特性，并分析了波陡、相对水深、厄塞尔数、红树林长度、密度、特征直径等因素对直立堤堤前波高、迎浪面最大波压力的影响。研究结果表明：无红树林时Goda公式无法准确估算直立堤上的冲击荷载；在模型比尺为1∶10的数值实验中，2 m宽的堤前红树林可使波高衰减6%～45%，波压力衰减11%～74%，然而，在相对波高较大且红树林特征参数较小时会引起堤前波高增大4%～26%；在本文考虑的水力条件下，最大波压力随波陡减小而减小58%～93%，随相对水深增大而减小42%～72%，随厄塞尔数减小而减小87%～96%；堤前波高和波压力衰减率随红树林宽度、密度及特征直径的增加而非线性增加。研究结果可为进一步认识红树林的消浪效应及红树林生态系统与海堤组合的海岸防护工程的设计与规划提供科学的依据。
- 红树林 /
- 直立堤 /
- 波压力 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: Based on the non-hydrostatic model SWASH, a numerical wave flume was established to systematically investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the interaction between waves, mangroves, and vertical sea dikes through a comparative experiment with and without mangroves. The study analyzed the influence of factors such as wave steepness, relative water depth, Ursell number, mangrove length, density, and characteristic diameter on the wave height in front of the sea dike and the maximum wave pressure on the windward side of the sea dike. The results indicate that in the absence of mangroves, the Goda formula cannot accurately estimate the impact load on the vertical sea dike. In a numerical experiment with a model scale of 1:10, a 2-meter wide mangroves in front of the dike was observed to reduce wave height by 6% to 45% and wave pressure by 11% to 74%. However, in conditions with relatively large wave heights and smaller characteristic parameters of the mangrove, an increase in the wave height in front of the dike by approximately 4% to 26% was noted. In the hydraulic conditions considered in this study, the maximum wave pressure decreased by 58% to 93% with a decrease in wave steepness, by 42% to 72% with an increase in relative water depth, and by 87% to 96% with a decrease in the Ursell number. The attenuation rates of wave height and wave pressure in front of the dike non-linearly increased with the increase in the width, density, and characteristic diameter of the mangroves. These findings provide a scientific basis for a deeper understanding of the wave-damping effects of mangroves, as well as for the design and planning of coastal protection projects combining mangrove ecosystems with sea dikes.
- mangroves /
- vertical sea dike /
- wave pressure /
- numerical simulation

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图 1 红树林消浪实验布置（单位：m）

Fig. 1 Layout of mangrove wave attenuation experiment (unit: m)

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图 2 红树林区域的波浪传播变形验证

Fig. 2 Verification of wave propagation deformation in mangrove areas

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图 3 波浪与直立堤作用实验布置（单位：m）

Fig. 3 Layout of of wave interaction with vertical dike experiment (unit: m)

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图 4 规则波与直立堤相互作用验证

Fig. 4 Verification of regular wave interaction with vertical dike

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图 5 SWASH数值水槽计算区域布置

Fig. 5 Layout of the computational area in the swash numerical flume

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图 6 波压强历时曲线特征

Fig. 6 Characteristics of the wave pressure duration curve

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图 7 理论值、实验值与数模计算值相对波压强分布对比

Fig. 7 Comparison of theoretical, experimental, and numerical simulation values for relative wave pressure distribution

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图 8 堤前水位历时及直立堤壁面静水位处的压强历时(破碎波工况下)

Fig. 8 Duration of water level in front of the dike and pressure duration at the still water level on the vertical dike wall (under breaking wave conditions)

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图 9 有无红树林时堤前波高$ H $及最大波压力$ {F}_{max} $对比

Fig. 9 Comparison of wave height $ H $ and maximum wave pressure $ {F}_{max} $ in front of the dike with and without mangroves

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图 10 红树林堤前波高衰减率$ \mathrm{\Delta }H $和波压力衰减率$ \mathrm{\Delta }F $

Fig. 10 Attenuation rates of wave height $ \mathrm{\Delta }H $ and wave pressure $ \mathrm{\Delta }F $ in Mangroves

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图 11 波浪参数对标准最大波压力$ {F}_{max}/\rho g{h}^{2} $的影响

Fig. 11 The influence of wave parameters on the standardized maximum wave pressure $ {F}_{max}/\rho g{h}^{2} $

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图 12 红树林宽度、密度对堤前波高衰减率$ \mathrm{\Delta }H $及最大波压力衰减率$ \mathrm{\Delta }F $的影响

Fig. 12 The effect of mangrove width and density on the attenuation rate of wave height $ \mathrm{\Delta }H $ and maximum wave pressure $ \mathrm{\Delta }F $in front of the dike

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图 13 红树林特征直径对堤前波高衰减率$ \mathrm{\Delta }H $及最大波压力衰减率$ \mathrm{\Delta }F $的影响

Fig. 13 The effect of mangrove characteristic diameter on the attenuation rate of wave height $ \mathrm{\Delta }H $ and maximum wave pressure $ \mathrm{\Delta }F $ in front of the dike

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表 1 红树林区域的波浪传播变形验证工况

Tab. 1 Verification conditions for wave propagation in Mangroves

工况	水深h/m	波高H/m	周期T/s	$ {C}_{D}( $V1)	$ {C}_{D}( $V2)
A1	0.3	0.06	1.2	3.6	7.6
A2	0.3	0.06	1.4	3	6.1
A3	0.4	0.08	1.4	2.7	5.4
A4	0.4	0.08	1.6	2.3	4.5
A5	0.5	0.12	1.4	2.1	4.2
A6	0.5	0.12	1.6	1.8	3.5

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表 2 实验工况的参数设置

Tab. 2 Parameter settings of experimental conditions

序号	模型	水深h/m	波高H/m	周期T/s	植物宽度B/m	植物密度N_v/(株·m⁻²)	植物特征直径D_v/m
M1	无红树林	0.3	0.04、0.06、0.08	1、1.4、1.8	−	−	−
		0.4	0.06、0.10、0.14	1、1.4、1.8	−	−	−
		0.5	0.04、0.06、0.08、0.14、0.2	1、1.4、2.0	−	−	−
M2	有红树林	0.3	0.04、0.06、0.08	1、1.4、1.8	2	36	0.06
		0.4	0.06、0.10、0.14	1、1.4、1.8	2	36	0.06
		0.5	0.04、0.06、0.08、0.14、0.2	1、1.4、2.0	2	36	0.06
M3	有红树林	0.3、0.4、0.5	0.08	1.4	2、4、6、8、10	36	0.06
M4	有红树林	0.3、0.4、0.5	0.08	1.4	2	36、72、108、144	0.06
M5	有红树林	0.3、0.4、0.5	0.08	1.4	2	36	0.03、0.06、0.09、0.12
注：−表示无红树林的工况。

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