Spatial patterns of the mangrove along the riverine estuaries, Nanliujiang River and Dafengjiang River of the Beibu Gulf
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摘要: 生长在潮间带的红树植物在河口植物群落构成、海岸防风消浪中具有重要价值。本文基于本地种桐花树胚胎浸泡下沉实验与北部湾南流江和大风江河口段水体盐度、沿线潮间带植物群落结构与地貌分析，探讨红树林在河口空间分布及影响因素。结果主要表明：南流江河口和大风江河口红树林自海向陆基本展现“红树林纯林(桐花树、秋茄、无瓣海桑种类混生)→红树植物与半红树植物(黄槿、苦朗等)混生→红树植物、半红树植物与非红树植物混生→红树植物镶嵌→稀疏红树林小苗”的分布格局，但大风江河口向陆界限主要以红树、红树幼苗及半红树混生为主。此外，红树被浸淹时长是控制河口红树空间分布结构的主要因素。潮水上溯时长影响红树向陆生长的极限位置，宜林滩地是红树发育生长的必要条件。Abstract: Mangrove growing on the tidal flat is of important value for the estuarine plant community compositions and coastal protection against wind and wave. This study aims to explore the spatial distribution pattern and associated influencing factors of estuarine mangrove based on the soaking and sinking experiment of aboriginal Aegiceras corniculatum embryo and observations on water salinity, plant community structure and geomorphology of the tidal flat along the estuaries of Nanliujiang River and Dafengjiang River. Our results show that the distribution pattern of mangrove along Nanliuujiang River and Dafengujiang River estuaries exhibits a mode of “pure mangrove (e.g. mixture of Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia candel, Sonneratia apetala)→mixture of mangrove and semi-mangrove (Hibiscus tiliaceus, Clerodendrum inerme Gaertn)→mixture of mangrove, semi-mangrove and non-mangrove→mangrove mosaic→sparse mangrove seedlings” from sea to land. However, mangrove at the landward limitation of the Dafeng River estuary is characterized by a mixture of mangrove, mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove. Besides, the time length of mangrove socking dominates the spatial distribution pattern of the estuarine mangrove while the time length of landward transport of tidal current affects the extreme location of the mangrove landward growth. A suitable tidal flat is an essential condition for the mangrove development and growth.
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Key words:
- water salinity /
- spatial distribution /
- estuary /
- mangrove /
- Beibu Gulf
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图 1 研究区域红树林分布与采样站点
Fig. 1 Mangrove distribution and survey stations of the research area
图 2 新鲜桐花树胚胎对不同盐度胁迫的响应
不同时段的累积下沉比例都是从0 h起累计
Fig. 2 The stress response of the fresh Aegiceras corniculatum embryos to different salinity condition
The aceumulated setting rate in different periods with original time of 0 h
图 4 南流江河口段（A）和大风江河口段（B）红树植物空间分布特征
A-01：互花米草，A-02：桐花树纯林，A-03：秋茄纯林，A-04：桐花树优势种混交林，A-05：桐花树与非红树植物混交林，A-06：偶布桐花树苗与无瓣海桑，A-07：桐花树一年生小苗； B-01：海榄雌，B-02：互花米草+桐花树一年生苗，B-03：桐花树纯林，B-04：桐花树+黄槿，B-05：桐花树纯林，B-06：桐花树种群间非红树植物，B-07：半红树及非红树植物混交+桐花树成年苗，B-08：偶布桐花树成年苗，B-09：桐花树与非红树植物混交于高潮滩、中低潮滩偶布桐花树成年苗，B-10−B-12：桐花树与非红树植物混交于高潮滩；Ⅰ−Ⅴ：植被类型；N01−N13：南流江站点编号、D01−D15：大风江河口站点编号
Fig. 4 Spatial distribution characteristics of mangrove in the Nanliujiang Estuary (A) and Dafengjiang Estuary (B)
A-01: Spartina alterniflora Loisel, A-02: pure forest of Aegiceras corniculatum, A-03: pure forest of Kandelia candel, A-04: mixed forests with dominant Aegiceras corniculatum, A-05: mixed forests of both Aegiceras corniculatum and non-mangrove plants, A-06: occasionally distribution of Aegiceras corniculatum saplings and Sonneratia apetala, A-07: 1-year seedling of Aegiceras corniculatum; B-01: Avicennia marina, B-02: Spartina alterniflora & 1-year seedling of Aegiceras corniculatum, B-03: pure forest of Aegiceras corniculatum, B-04: Aegiceras corniculatum & Hibiscus tiliaceus, B-05: pure forest of Aegiceras corniculatum, B-06: non-mangrove plants mixed in populations of Aegiceras corniculatum, B-07: semi-mangrove and non-mangrove plants mixed & adult seedling of Aegiceras corniculatum, B-08: occasionally distribution of adult seedling of Aegiceras corniculatum, B-09: non-mangrove plants mixed in the high beach & adult seedling of Aegiceras corniculatum occasionally distributed in the middle-low beach, B-10 to B-12: Aegiceras corniculatum mixed with non-mangrove plants in the high tidal flat; Ⅰ−Ⅴ: vegetation types; N01−N13, D01−D15: stations of the Nanliujiang Estuary and Dafengjiang Estuary
表 1 不同盐度水体中新鲜桐花树胚胎在不同时段内吸水下沉差异性分析
Tab. 1 Difference analysis for water absorption of the fresh Aegiceras corniculatum embryos in different salinity conditions during the different periods
盐度 0～10 h 10～30 h 30～50 h 50～150 h 150～230 h 0 （24.73±14.65）%a （44.80±7.16）%a （74.40±2.61）%a 20 （1.22±2.71）%b （10.00±0.00）%bc （23.36±7.47）%b （64.45±26.65）%a （98.35±2.33）%a 30 （0.60±1.34）%b （15.30±1.86）%c （24.70±4.47）%b （66.10±13.06）%a （86.70±14.14）%a 40 （0.60±1.34）%b （9.98±4.70）%bc （21.30±4.42）%b （45.57±21.55）%a （86.63±5.77）%a 50 （0.00±0.00）%b （8.86±1.81）%d （18.00±4.47）%b （46.10±13.04）%a （85.53±3.87）%a 注：同列不同小写字母表示桐花树胚胎在不同盐度水体的吸水下沉响应p<0.05水平上差异显著。 
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