Variations in the abundance and spatial distribution of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean based on photosynthetic active radiation
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摘要: 光合有效辐射(PAR)对于海洋初级生产力具有显著的调控作用，会间接影响到头足类的资源丰度和渔场分布。本文根据2006−2015年上海海洋大学鱿钓科学技术组提供的柔鱼鱿钓数据和光合有效辐射卫星遥感数据，研究了光合有效辐射与西北太平洋柔鱼种群的关系，并评估了异常环境条件下光合有效辐射对柔鱼的影响。结果发现，柔鱼单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)、渔场纬度重心、PAR，及其空间分布均具有显著的月间变化。7−11月各月适宜PAR范围分别为36～39 E/(m2·d)、33～36 E/(m2·d)、24～27 E/(m2·d)、18 E/(m2·d)和12 E/(m2·d)，最适宜PAR值分别为36 E/(m2·d)、33 E/(m2·d)、27 E/(m2·d)、18 E/(m2·d)和12 E/(m2·d)。此外，CPUE与PAR有显著正相关关系(p<0.05)，且CPUE与各月适宜PAR范围占渔场比例也呈显著正相关(p<0.05)；同时渔场纬度重心随各月最适PAR平均纬度变化而变化。在异常环境条件下，拉尼娜年份CPUE值比厄尔尼诺年份高，该年份PAR值异常增高可能是导致柔鱼资源丰度增加的因素之一。研究表明，光合有效辐射对于西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布具有显著影响。Abstract: The photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) plays a significant role in regulating ocean primary productivity, so it may indirectly affect the abundance and spatial distribution of cephalopods. In this study, we examined the relationship between photosynthetic active radiation and Ommastrephes bartramii stocks in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, and evaluated the impacts of the anomalous climatic environments on the squid stocks, based on the fishery data during 2006−2015 obtained from the squid-jigging Science and Technology Group of Shanghai Ocean University and the remotely satellite data of PAR. The results indicated that catch per unit effort (CPUE), latitudinal gravity center (LATG), PAR and its spatial distribution exhibited significant monthly variation. From July to November, the suitable range of PAR was 36−39 E/(m2·d) in July, 33−36 E/(m2·d) in August, 24−27 E/(m2·d) in September, 18 E/(m2·d) in October and 12 E/(m2·d) in November. The most favorable PAR was 36 E/(m2·d), 33 E/(m2·d), 27 E/(m2·d), 18 E/(m2·d), 12 E/(m2·d), respectively, from July to November. The results showed that a significant positive relationship (p<0.05) was found between CPUE and PAR, and further a significantly positive correlation (p<0.05) was found between CPUE and the monthly percentages of suitable PAR accounting for the whole fishing ground. Meanwhile, the LATG varied with the mean latitude of the most preferred PAR in each month. Finally, under the anomalous climatic environments, the CPUE in the La Niña years is higher than that in the El Niño years, which may be caused by the higher PAR in the La Niña years. Our findings indicated that the PAR strongly affected the abundance and spatial distribution of O.bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.
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图 1 西北太平洋柔鱼冬春生群体作业渔场的空间分布
Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of winter-spring cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii
图 2 2006−2015年7−11月西北太平洋柔鱼各月单位捕捞努力量渔获量、渔场纬度重心以及平均光合有效辐射
Fig. 2 Monthly catch per unit effort, latitudinal gravity center of Ommastrephes bartramii and average photosynthetically active radiation in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from July to November over 2006−2015
图 3 2006−2015年7−11月柔鱼渔场月平均光合有效辐射空间分布
Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of monthly averaged photosynthetically active radiation on the fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartramii from July to November over 2006−2015
图 4 2006−2015年7−11月捕捞努力量的分布与光合有效辐射的关联
Fig. 4 Fishing effort distributions in relation to photosynthetically active radiation from July to November over 2006−2015
图 5 2006−2015年西北太平洋柔鱼7−11月各月光合有效辐射与单位捕捞努力量渔获量关系
Fig. 5 Monthly averaged photosynthetically active radiation and catch per unit effort on the fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from July to November over 2006−2015
图 6 2006−2015年7−11月各月适宜光合有效辐射范围占渔场比例与单位捕捞努力量渔获量的关系
Fig. 6 Relationship between the monthly percentages of suitable photosynthetically active radiation accounting for the fishing ground and the catch per unit effort of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from July to November over 2006−2015
图 7 2006−2015年7−11月各月最适宜光合有效辐射平均纬度与柔鱼渔场纬度重心的关系
Fig. 7 Relationship between the average latitude of the most preferred photosynthetically active radiation and the monthly latitudinal gravity centers of fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from July to November over 2006−2015
图 8 2011年7−11月与2015年7−11月西北太平洋柔鱼各月单位捕捞努力量渔获量（a）和平均光合有效辐射（b）
Fig. 8 Monthly catch per unit effort of Ommastrephes bartramii (a) and average photosynthetically active radiation (b) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean during July-November in 2011 and 2015
图 9 2011年与2015年7−11月柔鱼渔场月平均光合有效辐射差值空间分布
Fig. 9 Spatial distribution of photosynthetically active radiation difference on the fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartramii from July to November of 2011 and 2015
表 1 7−11月柔鱼各月PAR范围，适宜PAR范围和最适宜PAR值
Tab. 1 Monthly PAR, suitable PAR and the most suitable PAR from July to November
月份 PAR范围
/E·m−2·d−1适宜PAR范围
/E·m−2·d−1最适宜PAR值
/E·m−2·d−17 27～51 36～39 36 8 24～48 33～36 33 9 18～39 24～27 27 10 12～24 18 18 11 6～15 12 12 
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