海底峡谷内浊流流动与沉积特征数值模拟研究

王越; 孙永福; 修宗祥; 宋玉鹏; 王柯萌; 谢秋红

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.008

海底峡谷内浊流流动与沉积特征数值模拟研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.008

王越^1,,
孙永福^{1, 2, ,},
修宗祥¹,
宋玉鹏¹,
王柯萌³,
谢秋红¹

1.
自然资源部第一海洋研究所，山东青岛 266061
2.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室，山东青岛 266237
3.
中国海洋大学工程学院，山东青岛 266100

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFC0307305）；国家自然科学基金（41876066，41606084）；山东省自然科学基金（ZR2017QD004）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王越(1996-)，女，河北省邢台市人，主要从事海洋工程地质研究。E-mail：wangyuefio@163.com

通讯作者:
孙永福(1964-)，男，山东省潍坊市人，博士，研究员，主要从事海洋工程地质研究。E-mail：sunyongfu@fio.org.cn

中图分类号: P736.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-11
- 修回日期: 2020-03-13
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-20
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-25

Numerical simulation of turbidity current and sediment characteristics in submarine canyons

1.
First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
2.
Laboratory for Marine Geology and Environment, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
3.
College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

摘要

摘要: 数值模拟已成为研究海底浊流的重要方式，开展海底浊流的流动与沉积特征的数值模拟，对深水沉积体系特征研究、海底工程设施稳定性评价以及深海油气勘探均具有重要意义。本文基于不可压缩流体Navier-Stokes方程与湍流k-ε模型构建了浊流数值计算模型，设定不同粒径、速度与悬浮颗粒物浓度等初始条件，模拟并分析了单粒径悬浮颗粒驱动的持续入流的海底浊流沿海底连续坡折带的流动过程及沉积特征。模拟结果显示，浊流在斜坡段处于加速状态，水平段流速骤减并逐渐沉积，且浊流在小坡度的加速不改变浊流的沉积趋势。浊流由于环境水体的夹带效应逐渐增厚，且浊流头部形态与流动特征与实测资料吻合良好。本文另对多频次持续入流浊流进行了模拟，并将模拟结果与实测地层沉积特征对比，结果显示，多频次持续入流的海底浊流在纵向上可能会形成多个不连续鲍玛层序的叠积。
- 海底浊流 /
- 浊流沉积 /
- 数值计算 /
- 坡折带
Abstract: Numerical simulation has become an important way to research the turbidity current on the seabed. The numerical simulation of the current and sedimentary characteristics of the turbidity current on the seabed is significance to the deep water sedimentary system, the stability evaluation of seabed engineering and the deep-sea oil and gas resource exploration. A numerical model based on Navier-Stokes equation and the turbulence k-ε model for the simulation of turbidity current is applied to study the current and deposition of turbidity current with constant inflows into continuous slope breaks. Initial conditions such as different particle size, velocity and suspended particle volume fraction were set in the simulation. Simulated results show that the averaged velocity of the turbidity current accelerates at the slope, on the nearly horizontal bed, velocity drops obviously and gradually deposits at the horizontal bed. The acceleration of turbidity current at small slope does not affect the deposition trend. The thickness of the current gradually increases due to the environmental water entrainment, and the turbidity current head shape and flow characteristics are conformed favorably with the measured data. In addition, this paper also simulates the turbidity current of multi-frequency continuous inflow, and compares the simulation results with the measured sedimentary characteristics. The results show that the deposition of multi-frequency continuous inflow turbidity current may form the superposition of several discontinuous bauma sequences on the vertical strata.
- turbidity current /
- sedimentation /
- mathematical model /
- slope break

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图 1 计算网格（加粗区域为近壁面网格）

Fig. 1 The mathematic grid (the bold area is the near-wall grid)

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图 2 Garcia和Parker^[3]实验装置图

Fig. 2 The experiment device schematic of Garcia and Parker^[3]

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图 3 实验中模型3 m处（a）和8 m处（b）浊流垂向速度剖面与模拟结果对比（坡折带在模型5 m处）

Fig. 3 Comparison the vertical velocity profiles of laboratory and simulation results at the sites 3 m (a) and 8 m (b) from the inlet (the break in slope is at 5 m from the inlet)

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图 4 200 s时浊流头部的速度分布（图a−f对应工况1−6）

Fig. 4 Velocity profile of turbidity current head at 200 s in each case (a−f corresponds to case 1−6)

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图 5 200 s时浊流头部密度分布（图a−f对应工况1−6）

Fig. 5 Density profile of turbidity current head at 200 s in each case (a−f corresponds to case 1−6)

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图 6 浊流到达4.1 m处垂向速度剖面

第一个坡折带在模型5.1 m处；a. 不同的颗粒粒径条件下；b. 不同的入流速度条件下；c. 不同的颗粒浓度条件下

Fig. 6 Vertical velocity profiles at 4.1 m when turbidity current arrives

The first break in slope is at 5.1 m from the inlet; a. under different particle size in inlet condition; b. under different velocity in inlet condition; c. under different particle concentration in inlet condition

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图 7 浊流到达6.1 m处垂向速度剖面

第一个坡折带在模型5.1 m处；a. 不同的颗粒粒径条件下；b. 不同的入流速度条件下；c. 不同的颗粒浓度条件下

Fig. 7 Vertical velocity profiles at 6.1 m when turbidity current arrives

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图 8 浊流到达10.6 m处垂向速度剖面

第二个坡折带在模型11.6m处；a. 不同的颗粒粒径条件下；b. 不同的入流速度条件下；c. 不同的颗粒浓度条件下

Fig. 8 Vertical velocity profiles at 10.6 m when turbidity current arrives

The second break in slope is at 11.6 m from the inlet; a. under different particle size in inlet condition; b. under different velocity in inlet condition; c. under different particle concentration in inlet condition

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图 9 浊流到达12.6 m处垂向速度剖面

第二个坡折带在模型11.6m处；a. 不同的颗粒粒径条件下；b. 不同的入流速度条件下；c. 不同的颗粒浓度条件下

Fig. 9 Vertical velocity profiles at 12.6 m when turbidity current arrives

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图 10 200 s时浊流在各坡折带的速度剖面对比

a. 4.1 m处；b. 6.1 m处; c. 10.6 m处; d. 12.6 m处；第一个坡折带在模型5.1 m处，第二个坡折带在模型11.6 m处

Fig. 10 Comparsion of the velocity profiles around the slope break at 200 s

a−d corresponds to the the slope break in 4.1 m, 6.1 m, 10.6 m and 12.6 m; the first break in slope is at 5.1 m from the inlet, the second break in slope is at 11.6 m from the inlet

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图 11 200 s时浊流悬浮颗粒在底床的体积浓度分布

a, b. 不同的颗粒粒径条件下；c. 不同的入流速度条件下；d. 不同的颗粒浓度条件下

Fig. 11 Distribution of volume fraction along the slope bottom of turbid suspended particles at 200 s

a, b. under different particle size in inlet condition; c. under different velocity in inlet condition; d. under different particle concentration in inlet condition

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图 12 200 s时浊流在底床沉积分布（图a−f对应工况1−6）

Fig. 12 Distribution of the sediments deposit along the slope bottom of turbidity current at 200 s (a−f corresponds to case 1−6)

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图 13 浊流头部特征示意图

a. 理论结果，据文献[37]；b. 模拟结果，箭头指示颗粒速度方向

Fig. 13 Protection characteristics of turbid head

a. Theory result, according to reference [37]；b. numerical result, the arrow indicates the direction of particle velocity

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图 14 实测浊流头部速度（a）与悬浮物浓度（b）^[38]

Fig. 14 Velocity (a) and suspended sediment concentration (b) of turbidity head^[38]

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图 15 两次间歇性持续入流浊流的沉积分布

Fig. 15 Sediment distribution of twice continuous inflow turbidity current

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图 16 枋寮峡谷粗砂粒度分布^[41]

a. 大陆架；b. 距峡谷头部13 km处；c. 距峡谷头部21 km处；d. 距峡谷头部26 km

Fig. 16 Volume fraction of sand in the Fangliao Canyon^[41]

a. Continental shelf; b. 13 km above the canyon head; c. 21 km above the canyon head; d. 26 km above the canyon head

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表 1 初始入流条件

Tab. 1 Numerical simulation initial conditions

工况	粒径/mm	颗粒物体积浓度/%	速度/m·s⁻¹
工况1	0.005（黏土）	10	0.5
工况2	0.05（粉砂）	10	0.5
工况3	0.05（粉砂）	10	1.0
工况4	0.05（粉砂）	20	0.5
工况5	0.50（粗砂）	10	0.5
工况6	1 （粗砂）	10	0.5

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