Research on characteristic parameter distribution and generation period of internal waves in the Andaman Sea with MODIS
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摘要: 本文基于2017年634幅MODIS影像分析了安达曼海3个典型区域的内波空间分布特征，定量统计了波峰线长度、波包面积等特征参数，利用射线追踪法探讨了内波的潜在激发源并推算了内波的生成周期。研究表明，安达曼海北部海域的内波空间尺度较小，前导波波峰线的平均长度约为107 km，平均波包面积约为1 860 km2，内波的传播方向主要为东向以及西南向。安达曼海中部海域内波前导波波峰线的平均长度约为133 km，平均波包面积约为3 503 km2，超过70%的内波沿东偏北方向传播。苏门答腊岛北部海域内波前导波波峰线的平均长度约为131 km，平均波包面积约为2 997 km2，内波的传播方向主要为东向、东北向及东南向。安达曼海共有7个潜在内波激发源，内波的生成时间间隔介于11.5～13 h，具有明显的半日周期特征。Abstract: Based on the 634 MODIS images acquired in 2017, a total of 1 793 internal waves information are extracted. The paper analyzes the spatial distribution of internal waves in three typical regions of the Andaman Sea, quantitatively counts the characteristic parameters such as the length of the leading waves and the area of the wave packets. The potential sources of internal waves are discussed by ray tracing method and estimates the generation period of internal waves. The results show that the internal waves in the northern Andaman Sea have a small spatial scale. The average length of the leading waves is about 107 km, the average wave packet area is about 1 860 km2, and the propagation direction is mainly eastward and southwestward. The average length of the leading waves in the central Andaman Sea is about 133 km, and the average wave packet area is about 3503 km2. More than 70% of the internal waves propagate in the northeast direction. The average length of the leading waves in the northern part of the Sumatra Island is about 131 km, the average wave packet area is about 2 997 km2, and the propagation direction of internal waves is mainly eastward, northeastward and southeastward. There are 7 potential internal wave sources in the Andaman Sea. The internal waves generation period is between 11.5 hours and 13 hours, which has obvious characteristics of half-day period.
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Key words:
- MODIS /
- Andaman Sea /
- internal waves /
- characteristic parameter /
- generation period
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图 1 安达曼海内波空间分布(红色线代表内波波峰线)
Fig. 1 The distribution of internal waves in the Andaman Sea (the red lines are the crests of internal waves)
图 2 安达曼海北部海域内波特征参数统计结果
a. 波峰线分布；b. 波峰线长度；c. 波包面积；d. 内波传播方向
Fig. 2 Statistical results of internal waves characteristic parameters around the northern Andaman Sea
a.Spatial distribution of crests; b. crest length; c. area of internal wave packets; d. propagation direction of internal waves
图 3 2017年4月26日04:25（UTC）安达曼海北部海域内波MODIS影像
Fig. 3 The MODIS image acquired on 26 April 2017 at 04:25 UTC showing the internal waves around the northern Andaman Sea
图 4 安达曼海中部海域内波特征参数统计结果
a. 波峰线分布；b. 波峰线长度；c. 波包面积；d. 内波传播方向
Fig. 4 Statistical results of internal waves characteristic parameters around the central Andaman Sea
a.Spatial distribution of crests; b. crest length; c. area of internal wave packets; d. propagation direction of internal waves
图 5 苏门答腊岛北部海域内波特征参数统计结果
a. 波峰线分布；b. 波峰线长度；c. 波包面积；d. 内波传播方向
Fig. 5 Statistical results of internal waves characteristic parameters around the northern Sumatra Island
a.Spatial distribution of crests; b. crest length; c. area of internal wave packets; d. propagation direction of internal waves
图 6 安达曼海内波发生源的三维地形图
Fig. 6 The three-dimensional topographic map of sources of internal waves in the Andaman Sea
图 7 2017年3月13日07:00（UTC）安达曼海中部海域内波MODIS影像
Fig. 7 The MODIS image acquired on 13 March 2017 at 07:00 UTC showing the internal waves around the central Andaman Sea
图 8 2017年3月11日04:15（UTC）苏门答腊岛北部海域内波MODIS影像
Fig. 8 The MODIS image acquired on 11 March 2017 at 04:15 UTC showing the internal waves around the northern Sumatra Island
图 9 2017年2月12日04:20 UTC（a）和2017年3月8日04:10 UTC（b）安达曼海北部海域内波MODIS影像
Fig. 9 The MODIS images acquired on 12 February 2017 at 04:20 UTC (a) and 8 March 2017 at 04:10 UTC (b) showing the internal waves around the northern Andaman Sea
表 1 2017年安达曼海内波MODIS影像获取数量
Tab. 1 The number of valid MODIS images of internal waves in the Andaman Sea in 2017
月份 MODIS影像数量/幅 月份 MODIS影像数量/幅 TERRA卫星 AQUA卫星 TERRA卫星 AQUA卫星 1 30 21 7 24 23 2 27 23 8 28 31 3 30 35 9 32 37 4 28 31 10 42 33 5 25 20 11 21 20 6 16 18 12 21 18 
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表 2 安达曼海内波特征参数
Tab. 2 Internal waves characteristic parameters in the Andaman Sea
特征参数 海域 最大值 最小值 平均值 中间值 前导波波峰线长度/km 北部 263 28 107 100.5 中部 350 29 133 118 南部 413 36 131 106 波包面积/km2 北部 5 882 119 1 860 1 607 中部 12 503 89 3 503 2 256 南部 12 740 353 2 997 1 686
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表 3 安达曼海内波发生源位置
Tab. 3 Locations of sources of internal waves in the Andaman Sea
内波源 地理位置 S1 安达曼海北部大陆架 S2 科科海峡 S3 十度海峡 S4 卡尔尼科巴岛与特蕾莎岛之间 S5 特蕾莎岛与卡彻尔岛之间 S6 卡彻尔岛与小尼科巴岛之间 S7 苏门答腊岛西北部浅滩
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表 4 安达曼海中部海域内波生成时间
Tab. 4 Internal waves generation time around the central Andaman Sea
波包 传播距离/km 传播时间/h 生成时间(UTC) 1 88.86 10.45 2017年3月12日20:32 2 201.54 23.71 2017年3月12日07:17 3 323.43 39.08 2017年3月11日17:00 4 423.87 49.86 2017年3月11日05:07
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表 5 苏门答腊岛北部海域内波生成时间
Tab. 5 Internal waves generation time around the northern Sumatra Island
波包 传播距离/km 传播时间/h 生成时间(UTC) 1 124.18 14.78 2017年3月10日13:27 2 228.84 27.25 2017年3月10日00:59 3 327.52 39.00 2017年3月9日13:14
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