Variations in clay mineral composition in the western Arctic Ocean since the mid-Pleistocene: Implications on changes in circulation and ice sheet development
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摘要: 本文通过对中国第七次北极考察在西北冰洋阿尔法脊南部钻取的ARC7-LIC岩芯沉积物的XRF Ca/Al比值、冰筏碎屑和黏土矿物等研究，重建了中更新世以来研究区沉积物源和周边冰盖的演化历史。ARC7-LIC岩芯黏土矿物组合类型变化显示：深海氧同位素(MIS)29～13期黏土矿物组合主要以西伯利亚物源区为主，而MIS 12期以来以北美物源为主。黏土矿物组合的变化，反映中布容期前后洋流模式的改变。同时，MIS 12期高含量的蒙脱石可能来自北美物源。物源指标对比显示，劳伦冰盖在MIS 16期首次向西北冰洋大规模排泄冰山，并且从MIS 12期开始，西北冰洋周围冰盖的进退幅度增大。在MIS 6期、4期和3期，Ca/Al和高岭石含量的不协同变化指示北美冰盖的发育具有区域差异性，位于阿拉斯加北部和麦肯齐河流域的冰盖较班克斯岛−维多利亚岛一侧更发育，崩解的冰山能将高岭石带到研究区沉积下来。Abstract: In this study, we investigated clay mineral assemblages together with other provenance indicators of Core ARC7-LIC retrieved from the southern Alpha Ridge, in order to reveal the changes in sediment deposition, ocean circulation in the western Arctic Ocean, and the development of surrounding ice sheet through the mid-late Pleistocene (～MIS 29). Changes in clay mineral composition in Core ARC7-LIC suggest a transition of Siberian sourced material during MIS 29−13 towards a North American sourced material during MIS 12−1. This transition reflects the change of the circulation in the western Arctic Ocean before and after the Mid-Brunhes Event, which features an amplification of glacial-interglacial cycles in the post Mid-Brunhes Event. An exceptionally high smectite peak characterizes MIS 12, which is inferred to be from North American source. Laurentide ice sheet discharges icebergs and fine material in the western Arctic Ocean since MIS 16. The amplitude of ice sheet growth and decay increases since MIS 12. During MIS 6, 4 and 3, the asynchronous variations of Ca/Al and kaolinite suggest heterogeneous development of Laurentide ice sheet on the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Alaska-Mackenzie sides.
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Key words:
- western Arctic Ocean /
- clay mineral /
- provenance /
- Beaufort Gyre /
- Transpolar Drift /
- Arctic ice sheet
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图 1 研究站位以及北冰洋洋底地形和冰架分布
红色圆点为本文研究站位ARC7-LIC，黑色圆点为对比站位；透明箭头表示表层洋流大致位置及方向（波弗特环流和穿极流）；黄色箭头指示河流入海口大致位置；白色区域表示更新世冰期时推测的北冰洋最大冰盖范围[11，20]
Fig. 1 Research stations and distribution of ocean floor topography and ice shelf in the Arctic Ocean
The red dot is Core ARC7-LIC in this paper, and the black dots are referenced sediment cores. Transparent arrows indicate the approximate location and direction of surface ocean currents (Transpolar Drift and Beaufort Gyre). Large circum-Arctic rivers are indicated by yellow arrows. White shaded areas indicate the maximum extent of Pleistocene glaciations around the Arctic Ocean[11, 20]
图 2 全球大洋底栖有孔虫LR04-δ18O曲线[56]、阿尔法脊岩芯Ca和Mn合成标准曲线[6]与ARC7-LIC岩芯XRF元素扫描Ca/Al和Mn/Al、颜色反射率L*和a*/b*、粗组分粒径>63 µm和>154 µm百分含量、底栖和浮游有孔虫丰度的对比
Fig. 2 Stratigraphic assignments of Core ARC7-LIC, based on XRF-Ca/Al, -Mn/Al, color index, IRD content, foraminiferal abundances and AMS 14C dating, correlation to Alpha Ridge stacked Ca and Mn records[6], and global benthic LR04-δ18O record[56]
图 3 ARC7-LIC岩芯Ca/Al比值、IRD（>154 μm）百分含量、高岭石、蒙脱石、伊利石和绿泥石百分含量及其与BN05岩芯参数[21]，以及全球大洋底栖有孔虫LR04-δ18O[56]和海平面变化[22]对比
Fig. 3 Ca/Al ratio, IRD (> 154 μm) content, kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, and chlorite contents in Core ARC7-LIC, compared to the same proxies in Core BN05[21], and global benthic LR04-δ18O [56] and sea level curve[22]
表 2 ARC7-LIC岩芯的Nps-AMS14C测年数据校正
Tab. 2 AMS14C chronology of Core ARC7-LIC based on planktonic foraminifera Nps
样品编号 深度/cm AMS14C年龄/a BP 碳储库校正后年龄/a BP UCIAMS#219542 0～2 7 535±40 7 696±96 UCIAMS#219543 6～8 37 560±490 40 765±977 UCIAMS#219544 10～12 42 620±900 44 664±1 535 
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表 3 ARC7-LIC岩芯MIS 12期及其前后时期黏土矿物平均含量
Tab. 3 Averaged clay mineral content in Core ARC7-LIC before and after MIS 12
氧同位素期次 高岭石平均
含量/%蒙脱石平均
含量/%绿泥石平均
含量/%伊利石平均
含量/%MIS 11～1期 21 17 23 39 MIS 12期 16 33 20 31 MIS 29～13期 11 23 26 40
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