渤海3个河口区底栖硅藻群落的时空变化特征

王珊珊; 刘东艳; 王玉珏; 袁子能

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.009

渤海3个河口区底栖硅藻群落的时空变化特征

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.009

王珊珊^{1, 2,},
刘东艳^{3, 4, ,},
王玉珏³,
袁子能⁵

1.
中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室，山东烟台 264003
2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200241
4.
华东师范大学崇明生态研究院，上海 200241
5.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室深海多学科交叉中心，青岛 266200

基金项目: 科技基础性工作专项（2014FY210600）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王珊珊（1991-），女，山东省菏泽市人，研究方向为海洋生态学。E-mail：shanshanwang@yic.ac.cn

通讯作者:
刘东艳，女，研究员，主要从事海洋生态学研究。E-mail：dyliu@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P714⁺.5；Q949.2
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- 文章访问数: 310
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-08-10
- 修回日期: 2019-10-28
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-25

Temporal and spatial variations of benthic diatom communities at three estuaries in the Bohai Sea

Wang Shanshan^{1, 2
,},
Liu Dongyan^{3, 4
, ,},
Wang Yujue³,
Yuan Zineng⁵

1.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation of Chinese Academy ofSciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
4.
Institude of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
5.
Center for Deep Sea Interdisciplinary Research, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266200

摘要

摘要: 底栖硅藻是河口泥滩系统中的重要初级生产者，其群落结构的时空变化可显著影响到河口底栖动物生产力。本研究选取渤海区域的大辽河口、汉沽河口和黄河口为研究对象，分析了泥滩中底栖硅藻群落结构的季节变化特征(2014−2016年)与空间差异，并探讨了环境因素的影响作用。结果表明，3个河口区底栖硅藻多样性和生物量高峰均出现在秋季，优势种存在显著季节演替特征；在空间上，大辽河口和汉沽河口的底栖硅藻生物量显著高于黄河口。底栖硅藻群落结构与多种环境因子的相关性分析表明，温度和营养盐浓度变化对底栖硅藻群落的季节性特征影响显著；河口沉积物的粒径、潮差与径流量可能是造成底栖硅藻群落空间差异的重要因素，黄河口较低的底栖硅藻生物量显著受限于较粗的沉积物粒径和显著的磷限制。
- 河口 /
- 泥滩 /
- 底栖硅藻 /
- 沉积物 /
- 氮污染
Abstract: Benthic diatoms are important primary producers in estuarine mudflat system, and the spatial and temporal changes in the communities can significantly impact the productivity of benthic fauna in the estuary. In this study, the ecological parameters in the estuaries of Daliao River, Hangu River and Huanghe River along the Bohai Sea coastline were surveyed and the related environmental factors were discussed, aiming to understand the seasonal variations and spatial differences of benthic diatom communities. The results showed that the species diversity index and absolute abundance of benthic diatoms were the highest in autumn, and the dominant species displayed obviously seasonal succession. The diatom absolute abundance in the estuaries of Daliao River and Hangu River were significantly higher than that of Huanghe River Estuary. The coarser sediments and significant phosphorus limitation in the Huanghe River Estuary are main reasons for the low diatom abundance. The correlation analysis between the benthic diatom communities and environmental factors indicated that the changes of temperature and nutrient concentration have significant effects on the seasonal pattern of the benthic diatom communities, while the sediment size, tidal range and runoff of the three estuaries are more important to explain spatial differences.
- estuary /
- mudflat /
- benthic diatom /
- sediment /
- nitrogen pollution

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图 1 采样站位分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of the sampling sites

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图 2 表层沉积物底栖硅藻群落香农–威纳多样性指数（a）、硅藻丰度(b)与Chl a浓度(c) 的分布特征的分布特征

Fig. 2 The spatial and temporal distributions of Shannon–Weaver Index (a), D_abs (b) and Chl a concentrations (c) in the surface sediments at three sampling locations

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图 3 3个采样点表层沉积物优势硅藻组成的时空变化特征（相对丰度>5%）

Fig. 3 Temporal and spatial variations of dominant diatoms in surface sediments of three sampling locations (relative abundance > 5%)

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图 4 利用NMDS分析3个采样点各季节硅藻种群组成的相似性结果

Fig. 4 The NMDS results for seasonal diatom community similarity at three sampling locations

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图 5 3个采样点PCA排序图

Fig. 5 The scatter diagrams of PCA at three sampling locations

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图 6 3个采样点优势硅藻物种与环境因子的CCA排序

Fig. 6 CCA biplot of dominant diatom species and environmental factors at three sampling locations

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表 1 3个河口周围的基本环境概况

Tab. 1 Environmental overview at the three sampling estuaries

采样点	大辽河口	汉沽河口	黄河口
经纬度	122.1°N, 40.6°E	118.0°N, 39.2°E	118.9°N, 37.4°E
年均温度/℃	9.6	12.3	12.4
年均降水量/mm	650.0	586.0	647.0
潮差/m	2.4	2.2	1.0
河流径流量/10⁸ m³·a⁻¹	77.0	−	592.0
人口密度/人·km⁻²	858.0	381.0	146.0
农田面积/km²	72.7	236.6	50.4
污水排放量/10⁸ t·a⁻¹	1.0	8.4	2.1
海水养殖面积/10³ hm²·a⁻¹	0.9	10.0	104.2
滩涂主要养殖种类	对虾、海参	南美白对虾	贝类、海参
沉积物类型	粉砂质淤泥	淤泥	粉砂质淤泥

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表 2 3个采样点环境因子（平均值±标准差)的季节变化特征

Tab. 2 The seasonal variations of environment factors (mean±stdve) at three sampling locations

区域	月份	温度/℃	降水量/mm	盐度	潮差/m	d₅₀/μm	粒径<63 μm /%	DIN/μmol·L⁻¹	${\rm {PO}}_4^{3-} $-P/μmol·L⁻¹	${\rm {SiO}}_3^{2-} $-Si/μmol·L⁻¹	N/P	N/Si	Si/P
大辽河口	3月	9.9±4.3	19.2	28.0±3.1	2.6±0.6	28.3	77.8	123.6±58.6	0.4±0.2	15.1±8.7	309.0	8.2	37.8
	4月	16.4±0.2	109.5	29.8±0.1	2.7±0.5	28.3	77.8	239.3±108.8	1.0±0.1	34.5±7.7	239.3	6.9	34.5
	6月	27.3±1.0	105.2	33.0±2.5	2.9±0.4	19.7	81.0	229.0±47.4	2.7±3.6	43.3±7.2	84.8	5.3	16.0
	9月	21.0±4.5	84.3	23.7±6.7	3.0±0.4	28.3	77.8	68.3±1.3	2.9±0.1	45.8±1.1	23.6	1.5	15.8
汉沽河口	3月	7.9±0.2	0	25.8±0.2	2.1±0.5	13.0	95.3	156.5±42.5	2.6±1.3	21.2±7.9	60.2	7.4	8.2
	4月	14.5±0.7	117.3	28.6±4.2	2.2±0.5	13.0	95.3	563.5±148.1	13.6±10.7	62.2±1.4	41.4	9.1	4.6
	6月	20.3±0.2	205.2	31.4±1.5	2.4±0.3	7.4	97.1	294.7±91.3	1.4±1.3	52.1±14.4	210.5	5.7	37.2
	9月	23.6±2.8	113.9	24.6±7.1	2.4±0.4	13.0	95.3	42.9±5.7	1.1±0.1	38.0±0.9	39.0	1.1	34.5
黄河河口	3月	10.4±3.5	1.8	31.6±5.8	0.6±0.2	57.8	57.3	128.2±93.2	0.5±0.1	15.2±1.1	256.4	8.4	30.4
	4月	16.3±3.5	198.2	26.1±5.4	0.5±0.2	57.8	57.3	180.2±136.2	0.3±0.3	20.3±8.8	600.7	8.9	67.7
	6月	25.3±0.5	324.0	25.5±5.6	0.7±0.3	51.9	63.3	110.7±25.4	0.4±0.2	29.1±9.0	276.8	3.8	72.8
	9月	22.8±1.1	146.4	26.0±2.5	0.6±0.3	57.8	57.3	44.9±20.0	0.4±0.0	58.8±11.1	112.3	0.8	147.0

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表 3 底栖硅藻群落和环境因子之间的皮尔森相关性分析

Tab. 3 Pearson correlation analysis between benthic diatoms and environmental factors

项目		Chl a	水温	降水量	粒径<63 μm	潮差	DIN	${{\rm {PO}}_4^{3-} }$-P	${{\rm {SiO}}_3^{2-}} $-Si
香农−威纳指数	皮尔逊相关性	0.18	0.06	−0.41	0.74**	0.65*	−0.09	0.23	0.30
香农−威纳指数	样本量/个	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
硅藻丰度	皮尔逊相关性	−0.21	0.32	−0.12	0.26	0.41	−0.41	−0.02	0.17
硅藻丰度	样本量/个	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
Chl a浓度	皮尔逊相关性	1	−0.41	−0.22	0.57	0.28	0.81**	0.89**	0.31
Chl a浓度	样本量/个	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
注：** 表示在0.01水平（双侧）上显著相关；*表示在0.05水平（双侧）上显著相关。

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