基于重矿物地球化学手段的南海东北部陆架沉积物物源研究

马一开; 黎刚; 颜文

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.07.009

基于重矿物地球化学手段的南海东北部陆架沉积物物源研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.07.009

马一开^{1, 2, 3,},
黎刚^{1, 2, ,},
颜文^{1, 2, 3}

1.
中国科学院南海海洋研究所中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室/南海生态环境工程创新研究院，广东广州 510301
2.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州），广东广州 511458
3.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(4167060123)；广东省自然科学基金(2017A030313252)；中国科学院青年创新促进会项目；广东省特支计划青年拔尖人才项目；南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州）人才团队引进重大专项（GML2019ZD0206）。

详细信息

作者简介:
马一开（1995—），男，陕西省扶风县人，主要从事沉积物物源研究。E-mail：mayikai@scsio.ac.cn

通讯作者:
黎刚（1981—），男，四川省仁寿县人，研究员，主要从事沉积物源−汇以及古海洋学研究。E-mail：gangli@scsio.ac.cn

中图分类号: P736.4
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- 文章访问数: 221
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-16
- 修回日期: 2019-09-05
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-07-25

Provenance studies on sandy sediments on the northeastern shelf of the South China Sea based on heavy mineral geochemistry

Ma Yikai^{1, 2, 3
,},
Li Gang^{1, 2
, ,},
Yan Wen^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 物源是研究大陆架沉积物搬运过程、重建陆架古环境以及海洋砂矿资源勘查的重要信息。然而，陆架砂质沉积物普遍经历过多次搬运、分选和混合，这给物源识别带来极大的困难。南海东北部陆架砂质沉积物分布广泛，本文首次采用单矿物化学方法对其物源进行了新的解析。研究区表层砂质沉积物中电气石与角闪石为优势重矿物，两者含量呈现此消彼长的关系。电气石和石榴子石的电子探针数据显示：珠江、韩江沉积物影响海域，火成岩成因的电气石占60%左右，其主要来源为区内广泛发育的燕山期花岗岩的风化产物；莲花山断裂带和长乐−南澳断裂带附近的南海东北部沿岸小河沉积物中变质岩成因的电气石含量显著增高，最高可达70%，其来源为区内与断裂带伴生的变质岩风化物；矽卡岩成因的钙铝榴石在南澳岛以东的陆架沉积物中发现最多，这与华南陆域矽卡岩的分布区吻合。综合分析认为，重矿物的矿物化学方法可以减少分选效应的影响，利用多种矿物的矿物化学分异可以获得多维的信息，为陆架沉积物的物源判定提供便利。
- 重矿物 /
- 矿物化学 /
- 物源分析 /
- 南海北部陆架 /
- 古水系
Abstract: The sediment provenance is important information to study on the transport process of shelf sediments, paleo-environmental changes and the formation of heavy mineral placers on the shelf. However, most shelf sediments are heavily reworked and repeatedly sorted, which cause the difficulty in indentifying their sources. This study firstly reported the work on heavy mineral provenance on the northeastern shelf of the South China Sea by using mineral chemistry, which has been proved to be a useful method to decrease the effect of hydrodynamic sorting. The provenance of shelf sediments was inferred by comparing the mineral assemblage and mineral chemical compositions of tourmaline and garnet between six marine sediment samples on the outer shelf and six offshore and coastal samples. In the study area, tourmaline and amphibole are dominant and monazite is present in some samples. Mineral chemical composition of tourmaline suggested the Zhujiang River and Hanjiang River are two dominant sediment suppliers. Sediments from the two big rivers contain abundant tourmaline from igneous rocks with the content of about 60% which are associated with widely-spreaded granitic rocks in the South China. Some small rivers distribute within the Lianhuashan and Changle-Nanao fracture zones are characterized by the high content of metamorphic tourmaline. These sediments can be traced on the northeastern shelf of the South China Sea by using chemical composition of tourmaline, suggesting small rivers are also important sediment suppliers on this studied shelf. Garnet sourced from sharn rocks is found on the eastern most shelf. The study highlights the importance of single-mineral chemistry in judging the provenance of shelf sediments which suffer from multiple sorting and have complex sources.
- heavy mineral /
- mineral chemistry /
- provenance /
- the northeastern shelf of the South China Sea /
- paleo-drainage

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图 1 南海东北部陆架地质背景

Fig. 1 Bedrock geology and surficial sediments on the northeastern shelf of the South China Sea

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图 2 电气石的化学组成（Al-Fe-Mg和Ca-Fe-Mg三角图引自文献[36]）

Fig. 2 Chemical compositions of detrital tourmaline (the Al-Fe-Mg and Ca-Fe-Mg ternary diagrams are cited from reference [36])

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图 3 各样品中不同成因类型电气石的相对丰度

Fig. 3 Relative abundance of tourmalines with different origins in each samples

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图 4 华南不同类型基岩及陆架沉积物中石榴子石成分投影图（石榴子石成分图解引自文献[26]）

a和b为粤西典型基岩中石榴子石的化学组成；c和d为沉积物样品中石榴子石的化学组成

Fig. 4 Detrital garnet compositions from potential source rocks and studied samples on the shelf of eastern South China Sea (triangular plots using “end-member” garnets arecited from reference [26])

a and b are detrital garnet compositions from different bedrocks in eastern Guangdong and western Fujian; c and d are detrital garnet compositions from studied samples on the eastern shelf of South China Sea

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图 5 南海东北部陆架依据碎屑矿物组合与矿物化学划分的沉积物物源构成分区（图中古河道和古三角洲分布据文献[37]）

Fig. 5 Four zones with different mineral assemblage and mineral chemical compositions on the northeastern shelf of the South China Sea (paleo-drainages identified in the figure are based on reference [37])

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表 1 南海东北部陆架样品主要重矿物组成及重矿物指数

Tab. 1 Heavy mineral assemblage and indices of samples on the northeastern shelf of the South China Sea

	Y1	Y2	Y3	Y4	Y5	Y6	D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6
角闪石	3.6	37.7	51.3	30.1	19.5	16.7	5.8	57.6	23.9	57.5	17.3	3.4
电气石	40.2	42.1	21.2	17.3	2.4	23.2	61.9	27.4	43.1	15.9	2.0	4.3
绿帘石	1.8	0.4	8.1	5.1	3.2	0.7	0.4	0.9	0.5	4.6	−	3.0
石榴子石	0.3	0.2	1.3	2.4	−	4.2	0.6	0.7	2.7	1.0	1.0	1.0
磁铁矿	11.7	1.1	0.8	9.8	63.9	0.5	6.2	0.6	5.3	2.0	45.4	3.9
独居石	1.3	−	−	−	−	0.2	0.6	−	−	0.2	−	1.0
金红石	9.1	1.4	−	0.3	1.1	0.2	2.3	1.2	2.1	3.0	1.5	8.5
尖晶石	−	0.2	−	−	−	−	−	−	2.1	−	0.5	4.1
锆石	0.3	0.9	5.6	6.9	0.6	3.0	0.8	0.4	−	2.4	0.5	0.8
含钛矿物	26.4	15.7	8.6	24.7	3.6	50.1	9.1	5.5	10.6	9.1	27.6	65.0
鉴定颗粒个数	386	568	396	594	532	431	514	675	188	503	196	609
GZi	50.0	16.7	18.5	25.5	−	58.1	42.9	62.5	100.0	29.4	66.7	54.5
Rzi	99.0	94.7	60.7	78.2	86.4	94.3	92.2	92.5	100.0	79.3	98.2	98.8
ZTR	49.5	44.4	26.8	24.6	4.1	26.5	65.0	29.0	45.2	21.3	4.1	13.6
注：−表示样品中没有此种矿物。

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