长江口崇明东滩及相邻区域地形演化与驱动因素分析

郭兴杰; 严学新; 王寒梅; 沙伟; 秦渭华; 唐迎洲; 徐健

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.05.009

长江口崇明东滩及相邻区域地形演化与驱动因素分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.05.009

1.
上海市地质调查研究院，上海 200072
2.
国家海洋局东海海洋环境调查勘察中心，上海 200137
3.
上海市水务规划设计研究院，上海 200233

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41506103，41706098）；上海市科委资助项目（18DZ1206403）。

详细信息

作者简介:
郭兴杰（1986-），男，山西省平遥市人，工程师，主要从事上海市海岸带动力地貌监测与研究。E-mail：tjguoxingjie@126.com

中图分类号: P737.1
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- 文章访问数: 160
- HTML全文浏览量: 22
- PDF下载量: 15
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-18
- 修回日期: 2019-06-18
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-25

Topographic evolution and driving factors of the Chongming Eastern Beach and its adjacent areas in the Changjiang River Estuary

1.
Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, Shanghai 200072, China
2.
East China Sea Environmental Investing and Surveying, State Oceanic Administration , Shanghai 200137, China
3.
Shanghai Water Planning and Design Institute, Shanghai 200233, China

摘要

摘要: 河口大型滩涂演化关系到航运通畅、生态保护以及近岸工程的安全性，是地貌学和工程界关注的热点。利用单波束测深系统对长江口崇明东滩进行高精度监测，并结合近年来周围环境因素分析其冲淤格局。结果表明：(1) 2011−2017年间崇明东滩和北港北沙基本以淤积为主，北港北汊河槽中央局部形成−2 m心滩，−5 m等深线包络面积基本稳定，整体呈“长高不长大”的格局；(2)海洋来沙是其淤积的主要物源，汊道涨落潮时空分异而形成的两大环流是塑造此地形的主要原因；崇明东滩和北港北沙的淤积直接挤压北港北汊的发展，沙体淤积可能会引起未来两大沙体的并靠；(3)崇明东滩、北支南沿的滩涂整治工程是促进北支萎缩和崇明东滩淤积的重要因素，另外横沙通道落潮分流增加,青草沙围水工程改变了北港河槽的曲率，也有利于北港北沙的淤积。
- 崇明东滩 /
- 汊道 /
- 整治 /
- 冲淤
Abstract: The evolution of large tidal flat in estuaries is related to smooth navigation, ecological protection and safety of offshore engineering. It is also a hot topic in geomorphology and engineering. A single beam bathymetric system was used to monitor the Chongming Eastern Beach in the Changjiang River Estuary. The scouring and silting pattern was analyzed based on the environmental factors in recent years. The results are as follows: (1) Chongming Eastern Beach and the north inlet of the North Channel are mainly deposited in 2011−2017 years, and the northern sand terrain of the North Channel is greater than that of the Chongming Eastern Beach, and the central part of the North Branch of the North Channel is −2 m deep in the central area, which is a silt up situation, and the envelope area of the −5 m contour in the study area is basically stable, and the whole pattern is "long height and no growth". (2) Marine sediment is the main source of silting, and the main circulation of the two large circulation formed by the time and space of the rising and falling of the three branches in the study area is the main reason. (3) The reclamation project in the south of the Chongming Eastern Beach and the North Branch is the main factor causing the North Branch atrophy and the silt of the Chongming Eastern Beach, and the ebb tidal diversion of the cross sand channel. As a result, the curvature of the North Channel is a key factor leading to the deposition of North Sand in the North Channel. The siltation of the two beaches directly squeezed the development of the North Branch of the North Channel, which was the main cause of its transition from the tidal trough to the ebb trough, and the siltation situation in the North Branch of the North Channel may cause the next two large sand bodies.
- Chongming Eastern Beach /
- branch /
- reclamation /
- erosion and deposition

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图 1 研究区域示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the research area

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图 2 2001−2016年大通站水沙量统计

Fig. 2 Statistics of water and sediments of the Datong Station in 2001−2016

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图 3 2011−2017年研究区地形变化

Fig. 3 Topographic changes of the research area in 2011−2017

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图 4 研究区内0 m（a）、−2 m（b）和−5 m（c）等深线变化

Fig. 4 Changes of 0 m (a), −2 m (b) and −5 m (c) contour lines in the study area

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图 5 研究区0 m（a）、−2 m（b）和−5 m（c）等深线包络面积变化

Fig. 5 Envelope area variation of 0 m (a), −2 m (b) and −5 m (c) contour lines in the study area

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图 6 研究区内地形冲淤变化

Fig. 6 Changes of erosion and siltation in the study area

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图 7 研究区内剖面变化

Fig. 7 Changes in the sections of the study area

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图 8 研究区内潮流模型

Fig. 8 Divergence of flood and ebb current in the study area

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图 9 北港北汊道断面位置

Fig. 9 Profiles location of North Branch of North Harbour

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图 10 研究区内沙体面积与径流输沙的相对关系

Fig. 10 The relationship between shoal area and sediment discharge in the study area

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图 11 2011−2017年间崇明东滩围垦工程

Fig. 11 The reclamation project in Chongming Eastern Beach from 2011 to 2017

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表 1 北港北汊道断面参数

Tab. 1 Cross-sectional parameters of North Branch of North Harbour

时间	位置	U/m·s⁻¹	f/s⁻¹	B/m	平均水深/m	最大水深/m	β	S_c	宽深比	K_eh
2011年	断面b	1.06	7.56×10⁻⁵	2 724.33	3.64	4.67	7.7×10⁻⁴	8	14.34	0.99
	断面c	0.88	7.56×10⁻⁵	4 368.86	2.47	2.78	7.7×10⁻⁴	8	26.76	1.95
2013年	断面b	1.17	7.56×10⁻⁵	2 335.37	3.78	4.73	7.7×10⁻⁴	8	12.78	0.91
	断面c	0.82	7.56×10⁻⁵	4 518.74	2.47	2.73	7.7×10⁻⁴	8	27.22	1.88
2015年	断面b	1.13	7.56×10⁻⁵	2 251.97	4.18	5.06	7.7×10⁻⁴	8	11.35	0.76
	断面c	1.01	7.56×10⁻⁵	3 741.73	2.29	2.48	7.7×10⁻⁴	8	26.71	2.07
2017年	断面b	1.15	7.56×10⁻⁵	2 167.11	3.81	5.41	7.7×10⁻⁴	8	12.22	0.82
	断面c	1.08	7.56×10⁻⁵	3 885.163	2.32	2.58	7.7×10⁻⁴	8	26.87	2.26

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