秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中微塑料和重金属污染特征

陈月琴; 罗维; 孙聪慧; 吴光红

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.013

秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中微塑料和重金属污染特征

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.013

1.
天津师范大学天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室，天津 300387
2.
中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室，北京 100085

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划子课题（2017YFC0505803-01）；国家自然基金国际（地区）合作与交流项目（41761144078）。

详细信息

作者简介:
陈月琴（1994-），女，山西省长治市人，主要从事水环境地球化学研究。E-mail：yueqinchen23@163.com

通讯作者:
吴光红，男，教授，主要从事水环境地球化学研究。E-mail：wuguanghong@tjnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P714⁺.4; P597
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-04
- 修回日期: 2019-09-15
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-04-25

Pollution characteristics of micro plastics and heavy metals in the intertidal zone sandy sediments of the offshore area of Qinhuangdao

1.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China

摘要

摘要: 基于密度分离原理，利用饱和NaCl溶液对秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中的微塑料进行了浮选和分离提取，采用显微红外光谱方法分析附着在滤膜上的微塑料颗粒形貌和材质。结合扫描电子显微镜−能谱仪(Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectrometer，SEM-EDS)对微塑料样品进行微观形貌观察及微区成分的分析。并采用地累积指数(Geo Accumulation Indexes，I_geo)和富集系数(Enrichment Factors，EF)分析砂质沉积物中重金属Hg、Cd和Pb污染水平和富集特点。分析砂质沉积物中烧失量(Loss on Ignition，LOI)、总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon，TOC)、总氮(Total Nitrogen，TN)以及碳氮的稳定同位素组成(δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N)，探讨有机质的可能来源。结果表明：秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中有纤维类、发泡类、薄膜类3种微塑料，以纤维类的微塑料为主。微塑料表层富集有Si、Al、Mg、Fe和Ca等元素。沉积物中Hg和Cd富集水平较高，Pb富集水平较低。沉积物TOC和TN含量较低，LOI为TOC的1.6倍，δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N和TOC/TN的数值范围均显示有机质以海洋浮游植物藻类等海源为主。
- 秦皇岛 /
- 潮间带 /
- 微塑料 /
- 重金属 /
- 营养盐
Abstract: Micro plastics in sandy sediments collected from the intertidal zone of the offshore area of Qinhuangdao were floated by saturated NaCl solution and filtrated with membrane filter. Micro plastic particles were observed using microscope and infrared spectroscopy to discuss the origin and morphology. The surface morphology of micro plastics particles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) to analyze surface morphology and elements. The geo accumulation indexes (I_geo) and enrichment factors (EF) were used to study the pollution level and enrichment of heavy metals (Hg, Cd and Pb) in sandy sediments. Total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and loss on ignition (LOI) and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) in sandy sediments were determined in order to analyze the source characteristics. The results indicated that there were three types of micro plastics: fiber, foam and film. Fiber was in the majority of micro plastics. Micro plastic particles were enriched with Si, Al, Mg, Fe and Ca in the surface. Hg and Cd were seriously enriched, and Pb was not enriched in the sandy sediments. The concentrations of TOC and TN were low; TOC/TN ratio and stable isotopic composition of C and N (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) indicated that TOC originated from marine plankton algae.
- Qinhuangdao /
- intertidal zone /
- micro plastics /
- heavy metals /
- nutrients

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图 1 研究地点和采样点分布

Fig. 1 Study area and distribution of sampling sites

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图 2 研究区沉积物样品中不同类型微塑料；纤维类（b），薄膜类（c），发泡类（d）

Fig. 2 Micro plastics in different sediments samples collected from the study area; fibers (b), films (c), foams (d)

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图 3 不同类型微塑料的电镜扫描图及其局部扫描图：纤维类（a），薄膜类（b），发泡类（c）

Fig. 3 Scanning electron micrographs images of the different micro plastics: fibers (a), films (b), foams (c)

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图 4 不同类型的微塑料局部扫描电子显微镜−能谱仪（SEM-EDS）图；纤维类（a），薄膜类（b），发泡类（c）

Fig. 4 Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) images of the different micro plastics; fibers (a), films (b), foams (c)

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图 5 秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物重金属富集水平

Fig. 5 Enrichment of heavy metals in sediments collected from the coastal intertidal zone of Qinhuangdao

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图 6 沉积物中TOC和TN含量、TOC/TN比值及其C和N稳定同位素组成

Fig. 6 TOC and TN contents, TOC/TN ratios, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N in sediments

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表 1 标准物质中各元素含量及回收率

Tab. 1 Concentrations and recoveries of elements in certified reference material

元素	标准值/mg∙kg⁻¹	测定值/mg∙kg⁻¹	回收率/%
Al	15 036±1 006	17 271±850	114.9
Hg	0.28±0.03	0.30±0.02	107.1
Cd	1.12±0.08	1.02±0.06	91.1
Pb	25.0±2.0	24.5±1.4	90.8
TOC	6 200±800	5 400±1 000	87.1
TN	720±90	650±120	90.2

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表 2 秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物重金属及营养盐含量

Tab. 2 Concentrations of heavy metals and nutrients of the sediments in the coastal intertidal zone of Qinhuangdao

	含量	偏度	峰度	沉积物环境背景值	生物效应
Al/%	0.61±0.02⁽¹⁾	−0.2	−0.6	−	−
Hg/mg∙kg⁻¹	0.11±0.06	−0.5	−1.0	0.05	ERL: 0.15；ERM: 0.71
Cd/mg∙kg⁻¹	2.69±0.02	3.8	14.8	0.14	ERL: 1.2；ERM: 9.6
Pb/mg∙kg⁻¹	7.78±0.30	2.7	8.6	16.6	ERL: 46.7；ERM: 218
LOI/%	1.06±0.02	0.3	−0.5	−	−
TOC/%	0.68±0.12	1.4	4.8	−	−
TN/%	0.11±0.01	5.5	30.0	−	−
TOC/TN	6.53±1.20	−0.8	7.9	−	−
δ¹³C/‰	−20.23±0.32	3.7	14.9	−	−
δ¹⁵N/‰	4.16±0.79	−0.7	0.3	−	−
注：(1)表示均值±1倍标准差；−表示无数据；ERL表示效应区间低值；ERM效应区间中值。

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