Structure and complexity of Haizhou Bay food web based on topological network analysis
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摘要: 针对食物网结构与复杂性的研究有助于深入解析食物网的功能、营养动力和能量转化过程。本文根据2011年3−12月在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的5个航次的渔业资源底拖网调查资料以及胃含物分析数据，基于11个拓扑网络指数，构建了海州湾拓扑网络，研究海州湾食物网的结构与复杂性。结果表明，本文分析的海州湾食物网物种数S为93，连接数L为1 021，每个物种的相互作用数量L/S为10.98，连接性L/S2为0.12；顶级物种、中间物种、基础物种的比例分别为29%、69%和2%；食物网的杂食性指数为87%，连接复杂性指数SC为22.20，特征路径长度ChPath为2.11，聚类系数CC为0.23。通过每个物种的相互作用数量和连接性的研究显示，L/S和L/S2的值都处在正常范围内，所以海州湾食物网的复杂性仍保持较高水平。通过物种比例、杂食性指数、连接复杂性指数、特征路径长度、聚类系数对食物网结构分析，发现海州湾食物网结构处于稳定状态，能够在一定程度上抵御外界环境的扰动，保证生态系统功能的正常运行。通过对海州湾食物网结构与复杂性的研究，将为今后海州湾食物网功能的深入研究以及海州湾渔业资源的科学管理提供重要依据。Abstract: Research on the structure and complexity of food webs helps to analyze the function, nutrient dynamics and energy conversion of food webs. Based on the survey data of fishery resources and the analysis of gastric contents in five voyages in Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters from March to December 2011, this study constructed a Haizhou Bay topology network based on 11 topological network indices. To study the structure and complexity of the Haizhou Bay food network. The results showed that the number of species in the Haizhou Bay food network (S) was 93, the number of connections (L) was 1 021, the number of interactions per species (L/S) was 10.98, the number of connections (L/S2) was 0.12; the proportions of top species, intermediate species, foundation species were 29%, 69% and 2%, respectively; the omnivorous index of food web was 87%; the connection complexity index SC was 22.2; the characteristic path length ChPath was 2.11, and the clustering coefficient CC was 0.23. Studies on the number of interactions and the number of connections in each species showed that the values of L/S and L/S2 were within the normal range, so the complexity of the Haizhou Bay food web remained high. Through the analysis of the structure of the food web by species ratio, omnivorous index, connection complexity index, characteristic path length and clustering coefficient, it was found that the food network structure of Haizhou Bay was in a stable state, and the proportion of basic species was low because the phytoplankton and seaweed groups were not classified. Through the study of the structure and complexity of Haizhou Bay food network, it provides an important basis for the in-depth study of the function of Haizhou Bay food network and the scientific management of Haizhou Bay fishery resources.
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Key words:
- Haizhou Bay /
- food web complexity /
- food web structure /
- topology network
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表 1 海州湾食物网物种及其连接数
Tab. 1 Species and links of Haizhou Bay food web
序号 物种名 连接数 序号 物种名 连接数 1 中华安乐虾Eualus sinensis 25 48 鮸Miichthys miiuy 23 2 白姑鱼Pennahia argentata 26 49 纽形动物Nemertean 3 3 斑鰶Konosirus punctatus 6 50 皮氏叫姑鱼Johnius belangeri 32 4 鲳属Pampus sp. 4 51 普氏栉虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus 12 5 赤鼻棱鳀Thryssa chefuensis 16 52 长足七腕虾Heptacarpus futilirostris 8 6 大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii 36 53 其他虾虎鱼Other gobies 24 7 大银鱼Protosalanx hyalocranius 2 54 其他虾类shrimps 46 8 带纹条鳎Zebrias zebra 15 55 枪乌贼Loligo sp. 48 9 带鱼Trichiurus lepturus 32 56 青鳞小沙丁鱼Sardinella zunasi 13 10 戴氏赤虾Metapenaeopsis dalei 25 57 日本鼓虾Alpheus japonicus 42 11 刀鲚Coilia nasus 5 58 鲐Scomber japonicus 10 12 底栖生物Benthos 8 59 日本蟳Charybdis japonica 13 13 真鲷Pagrus major 19 60 舌鳎Soleidae sp. 27 14 鳚杜父鱼Pseudoblennius cottoides 3 61 狮子鱼Liparis sp. 25 15 短鳄齿鱼Champsodon snyderi 15 62 双斑蟳Charybdis bimaculata 17 16 短蛸Octopus ochellatus 18 63 双喙耳乌贼Sepiola birostrata 22 17 方氏云鳚Pholis fangi 25 64 双壳类Bivalves 50 17 凤鲚Coilia mystus 10 65 四盘耳乌贼Euprymna morsei 8 19 浮游动物Zooplankton 74 66 繸鳚Chirolophis japonicus 2 20 浮游植物Phytoplankton 12 67 太平洋褶柔鱼Todarodes pacificus 18 21 腹足类Gastropods 42 68 鳀Engraulis japonicus 30 22 高眼鲽Cleisthenes herzensteini 12 69 绿鳍马面鲀Thamnaconus septentrionalis 10 23 尖海龙Syngnathus acus 8 70 纹缟虾虎鱼Tridentiger trigonocephalus 6 24 海藻Algae 16 71 多鳞鱚Sillago sihama 16 25 海蜇Rhopilema esculenta 2 72 细螯虾Leptochela gracilis 50 26 海蜇虾Latreutes anoplonyx 24 73 细条天竺鲷Apogon lineatus 26 27 褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus 15 74 鲜明鼓虾Alpheus disinguendus 37 28 褐牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus 18 75 䲗Callionymidae 26 29 环节动物Polychaetes 46 76 小带鱼Eupleurogrammus muticus 7 
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表 2 海州湾食物网结构与复杂性指数
Tab. 2 Structure and complexity index of Haizhou Bay food web
食物网
指数物种数（S） 每个物种相互
作用数量（L/S）连接性（L/S2） 顶层物种数（T） 中间物种数（I） 基础物种数（B） 杂食性物种
比例（Omn）连接复杂性
指数（SC）特征路径长度（ChPath） 聚类系数（CC） 数值 93 10.98 0.12 29% 69% 2% 87% 22.20 2.11 0.23
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表 3 海州湾与国外其他水域食物网拓扑指数的对比
Tab. 3 Comparison of topological indices of Haizhou Bay and other overseas aquatic food webs
食物网指数 物种数（S） 每个物种相互
作用数量（L/S）连接性（L/S2） 顶层物种数（T） 中间物种数（I） 基础物种数（B） 杂食性物种
比例（Omn）连接复杂性
指数（SC）特征路径
长度（ChPath）聚类系数（CC） 加勒比海珊瑚礁[34] 50 11.1 0.22 0 94 6 86 1.60 0.36 波特湾[28] 91 3.40 0.04 19 47 34 45 1.8 0.08 南极[35] 586 6.80 0.01 23 21 56 41 3.00 0.14 北极[36] 140 6.80 0.05 40 56 14 81 本格拉[37] 29 7.00 0.24 0 93 7 76 1.60 美国东北大陆架[38] 81 19.28 0.24 39.10 科切拉谷[39] 30 13.63 0.45 9.00 勒德格河[40] 40 2.00 0.05 4.10 小石湖[41] 182 13.00 0.07 26.20 海州湾 93 10.98 0.12 29 69 2 87 22.20 2.11 0.23
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