山东近海高眼鲽种群结构及资源分布

衷思剑; 王晶; 刘淑德; 王四杰; 任一平

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.004

山东近海高眼鲽种群结构及资源分布

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.004

衷思剑^1,,
王晶¹,
刘淑德²,
王四杰²,
任一平^{1, 3, ,}

1.
中国海洋大学水产学院，山东青岛 266003
2.
山东省水生生物资源养护管理中心，山东烟台 264003
3.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室，山东青岛 266071

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0900904，2018YFD0900906）。

详细信息

作者简介:
衷思剑（1994-），男，江西省南昌县人，研究方向为渔业资源生态学。E-mail：zsj4319@163.com

通讯作者:
任一平，教授，主要从事渔业生态系统监测与评估研究。E-mail：renyip@ouc.edu.cn

中图分类号: P714⁺.5; S931.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-03
- 修回日期: 2019-12-17
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-04-25

Population structure and spatial distribution of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

1.
Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
2.
Shandong Hydrobios Resources Conservation and Management Center, Yantai 264003, China
3.
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China

摘要

摘要: 根据秋(2016年10月)、冬(2017年1月)、春(2017年5月)和夏(2017年8月)4个季节在山东近海的底拖网调查数据，对高眼鲽(Cleisthenes herzensteini)种群结构和资源分布的季节差异进行研究。结果表明，高眼鲽的平均体长在秋、冬季较大，而平均体质量则在夏、秋季较大。当体长大于15 cm时，体质量呈现较大的季节变化，体质量增长率在夏季最大。采用von Bertalanffy生长方程表示其生长特性，生长参数L_∞为37.85 cm、K为0.28、t₀为−0.57。通过Pauly经验公式求得高眼鲽的自然死亡系数为0.54。体长转换的渔获曲线求得总死亡系数为1.69，进而求得现阶段的捕捞死亡系数为1.15，开发率高达68.05%，并求得开捕年龄为1.48龄，开捕体长为12.68 cm。年龄组成为1～5龄，其中1龄与2龄个体分别占总数的45.15%与40.23%。各季节中，只有夏季样品的雌雄性比与1∶1差异显著(p<0.05)，且雌性的数量显著多于雄性。50%性成熟体长为22.35 cm，性成熟比例和平均性成熟系数最高的季节出现在夏季。高眼鲽主要分布在底层水温为6.45～19.06℃、底层盐度为31.82～33.10和50 m等深线以深的海域，其平均渔获量在秋季远多于其他季节，在冬季陡然下降，随后缓慢上升。山东近海高眼鲽显现出体长分布狭窄、饵料条件恶化、产卵期延迟和过度捕捞等现象，休渔期前后资源量变化剧烈。
- 高眼鲽 /
- 种群结构 /
- 相对资源密度 /
- 时空分布 /
- 山东近海
Abstract: Based on the survey data from the bottom-trawl surveys in Shandong coastal waters in autumn (October 2016), winter (January 2017), spring (May 2017) and summer (August 2017), the seasonal variations of population structure and spatial distribution of Cleisthenes herzensteini were studied. The results showed that the average length of C. herzensteini was larger in autumn and winter, while the average mass was larger in summer and autumn. When the length is more than 15 cm, the seasonal variation of mass is larger, and the growth rate of mass is the biggest in summer. The ages of C. herzensteini ranged from 1 to 5 years old, in which individuals of 1 and 2 years old accounted for 45.15% and 40.23% of the population, respectively. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth equation, L_∞, K and t₀, were 37.85 cm, 0.28 and −0.57, respectively. The Pauly empirical formula evaluated the natural mortality to be 0.54. The total mortality, the fishing mortality, the exploitation ratio, the age of first capture and the length of first capture were 1.69, 1.15, 68.05%, 1.48 years old and 12.68 cm, respectively. In each season, only the ratio of male to female in summer was significantly different from that in 1:1 (p<0.05), and the number of females was significantly higher than that of males. 50% of the length of sexual maturity is 22.35 cm. The highest ratio of sexual maturity and the highest average coefficient of sexual maturity occur in summer. C. herzensteini mainly distributes in areas with bottom water temperature of 6.45−19.06℃, bottom salinity of 31.82−33.10 and depth of more than 50 m. Its average catch in autumn is much more than that in other seasons, which declines sharply in winter and then rises slowly. The C. herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters showed some phenomena, such as narrow length distribution, deterioration of food supply, delayed spawning period and over-exploited stock. The resources changed dramatically before and after the forbidden fishing period.
- Cleisthenes herzensteini /
- population structure /
- relative stock density /
- spatiotemporal distribution /
- Shandong coastal waters

HTML全文

图 1 山东近海调查站位

Fig. 1 Sampling stations in Shandong coastal waters

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图 2 山东近海高眼鲽体长分布

Fig. 2 Length distributions of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

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图 3 山东近海高眼鲽在不同季节的体长−体质量关系差异

Fig. 3 Variations of length-mass relationships for Cleisthenes herzensteini among seasons in Shandong coastal waters

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图 4 山东近海高眼鲽的体长频率分布和使用ELEFAN拟合的生长曲线

Fig. 4 Length frequency distributions and growth curves estimated by ELEFAN of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

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图 5 山东近海高眼鲽体长转化的渔获曲线

N为各体长组的尾数占总样品尾数的百分比，t为相应体长组由下限生长到上限所需要的时间

Fig. 5 The length-converted catch curve of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

N represents the percentage of the number of each length group in the total number of samples, t represents the time needed for the corresponding length group to grow from the lower limit to the upper limit

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图 6 山东近海高眼鲽的捕捞选择性曲线

Fig. 6 The catch selectivity curve of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

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图 7 山东近海高眼鲽年龄结构

Fig. 7 The age structure of population of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

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图 8 山东近海高眼鲽性腺成熟度各期百分比组成

Fig. 8 Percentage of gonad developmental stage of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

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图 9 山东近海高眼鲽性成熟系数变化

Fig. 9 Variations in gonadal somatic index of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

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图 10 山东近海高眼鲽性成熟与体长的关系曲线

Fig. 10 Sexual maturity in relation to length for Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

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图 11 山东近海高眼鲽相对资源密度的空间分布

蓝线代表水深，黑实线代表盐度，黑虚线代表温度

Fig. 11 Spatial distributions of the relative stock density of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

Blue line represents water depth, black solid line represents salinity, black dot line represents temperature

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表 1 山东近海高眼鲽体长和体质量组成的季节变化

Tab. 1 Seasonal variations in length and mass of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

季节	样品量/尾	体长/cm			体质量/g
季节	样品量/尾	范围	优势组	平均值±标准差	范围	优势组	平均值±标准差
秋	268	7.5～29.5	10～18(76.49%)	14.74±3.64	3.87～440.73	0～50(65.67%)	51.22±55.72
冬	123	9.0～26.5	10～16(63.41%)	14.53±3.26	8.03～359.11	5～65(76.42%)	45.71±41.50
春	272	3.8～27.1	6～16(54.78%)	12.57±5.84	0.96～267.15	0～60(73.53%)	44.00±50.78
夏	130	6.6～29.6	6～10(56.92%)	12.56±5.64	2.46～487.50	0～70(75.38%)	52.66±80.95

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表 2 山东近海高眼鲽体长−体质量关系参数

Tab. 2 Parameters of length-mass relationships for Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

季节	a	b	R²
秋	8.125×10⁻³	3.156	0.870
冬	4.276×10⁻³	3.389	0.969
春	9.244×10⁻³	3.119	0.990
夏	3.564×10⁻³	3.492	0.976

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表 3 山东近海高眼鲽性比的季节变化

Tab. 3 Seasonal variations in sex ratios (♀:♂) of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

季节	综合	体长组/cm
季节	综合	<10	10～15	15～20	>20
秋	0.54∶1	♀(1)	0.04∶1*	1.3∶1	1.25∶1
冬	1.13∶1	—	0.52∶1	2∶1	1∶1
春	1.89∶1	—	1.05∶1	1.2∶1	♀(38)
夏	12∶1*	—	5∶1	5.5∶1	♀(21)
注：*表示存在显著差异（p<0.05）；“—”表示无数据；♀和♂分别表示全为雌性和雄性，括号内为尾数。

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表 4 山东近海高眼鲽平均渔获量、贡献率和出现频率的季节变化

Tab. 4 Mean catch, the percentage in the total catch by mass and the occurrence frequency of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters.

季节	平均渔获量/kg·h⁻¹	贡献率	出现频率
秋	7.57	1.61%	16.38%
冬	1.12	0.96%	15.82%
春	1.17	0.86%	20.90%
夏	2.78	0.61%	17.51%

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表 5 山东近海高眼鲽相对资源密度及其温盐分布的季节变化

Tab. 5 Seasonal variations in the relative stock density, temperature and salinity of the distribution area of Cleisthenes herzensteini in Shandong coastal waters

季节	资源密度范围/kg·h⁻¹	底层水温/℃		底层盐度
季节	资源密度范围/kg·h⁻¹	范围	主要范围	范围	主要范围
秋	0.007～140.352	7.06～19.76	18.56～19.06（87.74%）	19.77～33.26	31.92～32.07（68.23%）
冬	0.005～5.784	6.84～11.32	9.34～10.84（75.09%）	22.66～32.96	32.11～32.96（95.24%）
春	0.024～5.483	6.45～18.61	6.45～9.45（99.47%）	31.09～33.10	32.43～33.10（99.47%）
夏	0.032～13.985	6.55～24.21	8.05～12.55（97.09%）	31.22～33.10	31.82～32.42（77.49%）

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