Oxidative stress and energy utilization responses of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) to environmental hypoxia stress
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摘要: 本文探究环境低氧对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)氧化应激和能量利用指标的影响，为军曹鱼的健康养殖提供参考依据。通过设置低氧胁迫–恢复实验，将军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体质量(220.67±20.73)g)在低氧((2.64±0.25)mg/L)胁迫3 h及复氧((6.34±0.15)mg/L)8 h、24 h和48 h后，测定其肝脏和肌肉组织的氧化应激与能量利用指标。结果显示，低氧胁迫后，肝脏中丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase，CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(Glutathione Reductase，GR)活力均显著低于对照组(p<0.05)，乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate Dehydrogenase，LDH)活性显著高于对照组(p <0.05)；肌肉中MDA和脂质过氧化物(Lipid Peroxidase，LPO)活性均显著低于对照组(p<0.05)，超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase，SOD)和LDH活性均显著高于对照组(p<0.05)；肌糖原和肝糖原含量极显著低于对照组(p<0.01)。复氧过程中，肝脏和肌肉中MDA、LPO、SOD、CAT、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase，GPx)和GR含量均出现不同程度的升高；肝糖原在复氧24 h后显著高于对照组(p<0.05)，复氧48 h后显著低于对照组(p<0.05)；肌糖原在复氧8 h、24 h和48 h后均显著低于对照组(p<0.05)。研究表明，低氧胁迫能够对军曹鱼幼鱼机体造成一定的氧化损伤，肝脏和肌肉组织的酶活力和能量供应发生变化；低氧胁迫后的再复氧环境，对机体造成更为强烈的氧化损伤，可通过自身生理调节逐渐恢复到正常水平。Abstract: This study investigated the oxidative stress and energy utilization responses of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) to environmental hypoxia stress, and provided reference for the healthy cultivation of cobia. Through the hypoxia stress-reoxygenation test, the oxidative stress and energy utilization indexes of liver and muscle tissues were measured after hypoxia ((2.64±0.25)mg/L) stress for 3 h and reoxygenation ((6.34±0.15)mg/L) stress for 8 h, 24 h and 48 h. The results showed that after hypoxia stress, the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the liver were significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.05), and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05). MDA and lipid peroxidase (LPO) activities in muscle were significantly lower than those in control group (p<0.05), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and LDH activities were significantly higher than those in control group (p<0.05). The contents of muscle glycogen and liver glycogen were significantly lower than those of control group (p<0.01). During reoxygenation, the contents of MDA, LPO, SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and GR in liver and muscle all increased differentially. Liver glycogen content was significantly higher than that of the control group 24 h after reoxygenation (p<0.05), and significantly lower than that of the control group 48 h after reoxygenation (p<0.05). Muscle glycogen content was significantly lower than that of control group after reoxygenation for 8 h, 24 h and 48 h (p<0.05). In conclusion, hypoxia stress can cause some oxidative damage to the body of cobia, and the enzyme activity and energy supply of liver and muscle tissues change. The reoxygenation environment after hypoxia stress causes more severe oxidative damage to the body, which can be gradually restored to the normal level through physiological regulation.
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Key words:
- Rachycentron canadum /
- hypoxia stress /
- oxidative stress /
- energy utilization
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图 1 低氧胁迫对军曹鱼幼鱼肝脏和肌肉氧化应激指标的影响
*表示差异显著（p<0.05）
Fig. 1 Effects of hypoxic stress on oxidative stress indicator of liver and muscle of juvenile cobia
* shows significant difference (p<0.05)
图 2 低氧胁迫对军曹鱼幼鱼肝脏和肌肉的乳酸脱氢酶活性、糖原含量的影响
*表示差异显著（p<0.05），**表示差异极显著（p<0.01）
Fig. 2 Effects of hypoxia stress on lactate dehydrogenase activity and glycogen content in liver and muscle of juvenile cobia
* shows significant difference (p<0.05), ** shows extremely significant difference (p<0.01)
表 1 复氧过程对军曹鱼幼鱼肝脏和肌肉氧化应激指标的影响
Tab. 1 Effects of reoxygenation on oxidative stress indicator of liver and muscle of juvenile cobia
氧化应激指标 复氧时间/h 肝脏 肌肉 丙二醛/nmol·mg−1
（以蛋白计）对照组 4.36±0.41a 2.31±0.06a 8 h 4.37±0.57a 3.49±0.16b 24 h 8.24±0.27c 4.95±0.58c 48 h 6.46±0.25b 2.52±0.11a 脂质过氧化物/μmol·g−1
（以蛋白计）对照组 0.31±0.01a 0.28±0.04a 8 h 1.19±0.27b 2.07±0.31c 24 h 1.96±0.65bc 1.71±0.18bc 48 h 2.29±0.26c 1.40±0.14b 过氧化氢酶/U·mg−1
（以蛋白计）对照组 15.64±1.36a 4.38±0.54a 8 h 26.58±4.02b 7.83±2.38ab 24 h 38.45±3.65c 9.08±2.02b 48 h 27.51±1.25b 6.83±3.18ab 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶/U·mg−1 （以蛋白计） 对照组 258.50±27.57a 12.21±0.81a 8 h 352.38±16.26b 25.99±2.10c 24 h 429.41±23.61c 24.23±1.07bc 48 h 424.53±21.03c 21.73±1.82b 超氧化物歧化酶/U·mg−1
（以蛋白计）对照组 6.86±1.76a 6.44±0.17a 8 h 9.23±1.56ab 11.02±1.28b 24 h 11.63±1.58b 12.57±1.83b 48 h 9.62±2.27ab 12.64±1.44b 谷胱甘肽还原酶/U·g−1
（以蛋白计）对照组 7.96±0.89a 5.27±0.98a 8 h 48.91±22.04b 38.73±15.49b 24 h 42.96±1.50b 40.07±16.66b 48 h 43.42±12.63b 22.58±9.64ab 注：同一列中不同字母上标的数值互相之间差异显著（p<0.05）。 
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表 2 复氧过程对军曹鱼幼鱼肝脏和肌肉能量利用指标的影响
Tab. 2 Effects of reoxygenation on energy utilization indicator of liver and muscle of juvenile cobia
能量利用指标 复氧时间/h 肝脏 肌肉 乳酸脱氢酶/U·g−1
（以蛋白计）对照组 165.37±39.61ab 251.12±39.10a 8 h 193.32±2.58b 320.55±101.18a 24 h 149.39±18.28ab 331.92±38.58a 48 h 140.87±11.27a 372.32±67.30a 糖原/mg·g−1 对照组 22.57±0.89b 2.74±0.03b 8 h 19.82±1.10ab 1.82±0.48a 24 h 33.28±1.73c 1.90±0.42a 48 h 18.81±1.94a 1.55±0.18a 注：同一列中不同字母上标的数值互相之间差异显著（p<0.05）。
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