长江分汊河口涨、落潮悬沙不对称特征及季节性差异

乔立新; 张国安; 何青; 张卫国; 李茂田

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.03.010

长江分汊河口涨、落潮悬沙不对称特征及季节性差异

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.03.010

华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200241

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41671007）；国家重点研发计划（2017YFE0107400）；科技部基础性工作专项重点项目（2013FY112000）。

详细信息

作者简介:
乔立新（1992-），女，山西省晋中市人，主要从事河口海岸水沙过程研究。E-mail：qiaolx1992@163.com

通讯作者:
张国安，副教授，主要从事河口海岸动力地貌和动力沉积研究。E-mail：gazhang@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TV148⁺.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-02-13
- 修回日期: 2019-03-13
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-03-25

Tidal and seasonal asymmetry of suspended sediment concentration in branched channels of the Changjiang River Estuary

State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

摘要

摘要: 入海河口由于径流的存在以及河口地貌形态的影响，存在涨、落潮水动力、悬沙以及盐度分布等不对称现象，同时这一不对称现象还存在显著的区域性和季节性差异。根据2013年7月和2014年1月洪、枯季长江口定点准同步水文泥沙调查结果，发现长江口分汊型河槽悬沙浓度在时间上存在洪枯季、大小潮不对称特征，在空间上存在东西向沿程分布、南北向横向分布以及垂向上表底层分布不对称特征。河势演变形成南、北支河口涨、落潮悬沙浓度不对称分布的整体格局；洪、枯季变化影响河口涨、落潮悬沙分布的再分配过程；大潮涨、落潮过程对悬沙分布不对称影响显著大于小潮；季节性风浪作用影响河口最大浑浊带涨、落潮悬沙不对称南北差异；底部高含沙浓度对口门段涨、落潮悬沙不对称性贡献显著。
- 分汊型河口 /
- 河槽 /
- 悬沙浓度 /
- 涨、落潮不对称 /
- 季节性差异
Abstract: Due to the influence of runoff and estuarine morphology, asymmetrical phenomena of hydrodynamics, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and salinity occurs between the flooding and ebbing stage in the estuary. Such a phenomena also shows significant regional and seasonal differences. Based on hydrological survey in July 2013 and January 2014 in the Changjiang River Estuary, it is found that suspended sediment concentration in the branched channels of the Changjiang River Estuary has asymmetric characteristics, which varies with flood and dry season as well as spring and neap tide. In terms of spatial variability, there exists along channel difference, inter-channel difference as well as water colume difference. The evolution of the estuary controlls the overall SSC difference between the North Branch and South Branch. The flood and dry seasons affect the redistribution process of SSC in the estuary. Spring tides has a stronger impact on SSC asymmetry than that of neap tides. Theseasonal wave condition affect the SSC asymmetric distribution in the turbidity maximum zone of the estuary along the north-south direction. The high sediment concentration near the bottom contributes significantly to the SSC asymmetry between flooding and ebbing stages at the river mouth.
- branched estuary /
- channel /
- suspended sediment concentration /
- flood-ebb asymmetry /
- seasonal difference

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图 1 研究区域及观测站位布置

Fig. 1 Locations of the survey stations in Changjiang River Estuary

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图 2 OBS浊度和悬沙浓度的关系

Fig. 2 The relationship of the turbidity measured with OBS and suspended sediment concentration

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图 3 观测期间长江大通站径流量

Fig. 3 The runoff of Datong Station during observation period in Changjiang River

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图 4 长江口典型河槽洪枯季(a)、大小潮(b)悬沙浓度分布

Fig. 4 Suspended sediment concentration in typical channels of flood and dry seasons (a), spring and neap tide (b) in the Changjiang River Estuary

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图 5 南支河口典型河槽悬沙浓度沿程分布

Fig. 5 Distribution of suspended sediment concentration along the typical channels of the South Branch of Changjiang River Estuary

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图 6 南支河口典型河槽悬沙浓度洪、枯季涨、落潮沿程分布

Fig. 6 Distribution of suspended sediment concentration between flood and ebb of flood and dry seasons along the typical channels of the South Branch of Changjiang River Estuary

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图 7 南支河口典型河槽悬沙浓度大、小潮涨、落潮沿程分布

Fig. 7 Distribution of suspended sediment concentration between flood and ebb of spring and neap tides along the typical channels of the South Branch of Changjiang River Estuary

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图 8 长江河口最大浑浊带悬沙浓度分布

Fig. 8 Distribution of suspended sediment concentration in the maximum turbidity zone of the Changjiang River Estuary

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图 9 长江口涨、落潮表、底层悬沙不对称

Fig. 9 Asymmetry of suspended sediment concentration at the surface and bottom between flood and ebb of the Changjiang River Estuary

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表 1 长江河口典型河槽悬沙浓度分布（单位：kg/m³）

Tab. 1 Suspended sediment concentration in the typical channels of Changjiang River Estuary（unit: kg/m³）

	徐六泾	北支中段	北支下段	南支	南港和北港上段	南、北槽和北港下段	口外10 m线
洪季	0.10	1.29	0.62	0.15	0.19	0.65	0.22
枯季	0.18	1.17	0.41	0.19	0.51	0.76	0.47
大潮	0.16	1.56	0.89	0.18	0.45	1.05	0.51
小潮	0.12	0.90	0.14	0.15	0.24	0.36	0.18
平均	0.14	1.23	0.51	0.17	0.35	0.71	0.34

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表 2 长江口南、北支河口涨、落潮含沙量分布（单位：kg/m³）

Tab. 2 Distribution of suspended sediment concentration between flood and ebb in the south and north branches of the Changjiang River Estuary (unit: kg/m³)

	洪季涨潮	枯季涨潮	涨潮平均	洪季落潮	枯季落潮	落潮平均	平均
徐六泾	0.11	0.18	0.14	0.10	0.18	0.14	0.14
北支河口	1.08	0.82	0.95	0.85	0.77	0.81	0.88
南支河口	0.47	0.63	0.55	0.37	0.54	0.45	0.50
口外10 m	0.24	0.49	0.36	0.19	0.45	0.32	0.34

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表 3 长江口洪、枯季涨、落潮盐度分布

Tab. 3 Distribution of salinity between flood and ebb of flood and dry seasons of the Changjiang River Estuary

	徐六泾	南支上段	南港、北港上段	南槽、北槽、北港下段	口外 10 m线
洪季涨潮	0.2	0.2	0.2	6.6	25.6
洪季落潮	0.2	0.2	0.2	9.1	25.3
洪季平均	0.2	0.2	0.2	7.9	25.4
枯季涨潮	0.2	0.9	0.6	12.9	25.3
枯季落潮	0.2	0.9	0.8	15.1	25.5
枯季平均	0.2	0.9	0.7	14.0	25.4

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表 4 长江口典型河槽潮差分布（单位：m）

Tab. 4 Distribution of tidal range in the typical channels of the Changjiang River Estuary (unit: m)

	徐六泾	南支上段	南港、北港上段	南槽、北槽、北港下段	口外 10 m线
洪季大潮	2.88	3.33	3.36	3.49	3.85
枯季大潮	2.55	2.93	3.24	2.96	3.60
大潮平均	2.71	3.13	3.30	3.23	3.73
洪季小潮	2.28	2.13	1.19	1.41	1.88
枯季小潮	2.05	2.20	2.16	2.21	1.88
小潮平均	2.17	2.16	1.67	1.81	1.88

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