长江感潮河段潮波传播变化特征及影响因素分析

黄竞争; 张先毅; 吴峥; 刘锋; 蔡华阳; 杨清书

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.03.003

长江感潮河段潮波传播变化特征及影响因素分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.03.003

黄竞争^{1, 2, 3,},
张先毅^{1, 2, 3},
吴峥⁴,
刘锋^{1, 2, 3},
蔡华阳^{1, 2, 3, ,},
杨清书^{1, 2, 3}

1.
中山大学海洋工程与技术学院/河口海岸研究所，广东广州 510275
2.
河口水利技术国家地方联合工程实验室，广东广州 510275
3.
广东省海岸与岛礁工程技术研究中心，广东广州 510275
4.
河海大学水利水电学院，江苏南京 210098

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0402600）；国家自然科学基金（51709287，41106015，41476073）；河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放课题基金（SKLEC-KF201809）；广东省自然科学基金（2017A030310321）；高校基本科研业务费青年教师重点培育项目（17lgzd12）；广东省水利科技创新项目（2016-20）。

详细信息

作者简介:
黄竞争（1992-），男，河南省商丘市人，主要从事河口区潮波传播机制研究。E-mail：huangjzh8@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
蔡华阳（1986-），男，福建省晋江市人，博士，主要从事河口海岸动力学研究。E-mail：caihy7@mail.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P731.23
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-01-24
- 修回日期: 2019-06-23
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-03-25

Investigation into the spatial and temporal tide-river dynamics and the underlying controlled factors along the tidal reach of the Changjiang River

Huang Jingzheng^{1, 2, 3
,},
Zhang Xianyi^{1, 2, 3},
Wu Zheng⁴,
Liu Feng^{1, 2, 3},
Cai Huayang^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
Yang Qingshu^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research/School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2.
State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Estuarine Hydraulic Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
3.
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou 510275, China
4.
College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

摘要

摘要: 径潮相互作用是感潮河段水动力变化的典型特征，受其影响潮波传播具有明显的洪枯季及沿程变化。本文基于长江感潮河段天生港、江阴、镇江、南京、马鞍山及芜湖6个潮位站2002−2014年连续高低潮位资料及大通站月均流量数据，统计分析长江感潮河段潮波振幅衰减率、潮波传播速度及余水位坡度等传播特征值的洪枯季及沿程变化特征，并探讨这些潮波传播特征的变化规律及其主要影响因素。结果表明，潮波传播特征的洪枯季差异自上游至下游逐渐减小，其分界点位于天生港与江阴之间（其中，天生港和江阴站的多年平均洪枯季潮差差值约为0.01 m和−0.04 m）；径流动力对潮波衰减的影响主要位于江阴以上河段，江阴以下河段主要受潮汐动力控制；径流驱动下余水位坡度引起的余水位及水深增加，导致潮波传播的有效摩擦减小，当流量超过某个阈值时潮波振幅衰减反而减弱，特别是上游马鞍山-芜湖段最为明显，统计结果表明该河段流量阈值约为33 000 m³/s。本文分析结果作为前人研究的重要补充，可为长江河口感潮河段径潮相互作用机制研究及河口治理等提供基础参考。
- 长江河口 /
- 感潮河段 /
- 径流 /
- 潮波衰减 /
- 余水位
Abstract: As tidal waves propagate into the estuary, they are featured by significant longitudinal variation in seasonal scale due to the nonlinear interactions between tide and river discharge. In this study, the variations of tide-river dynamics in terms of tidal damping rate, wave celerity and residual water level slope were explored based on long-term time series of tidal water levels from 2002 to 2014 along the tidal reach of the Changjiang River (including the Tianshenggang, Jiangyin, Zhenjiang, Nanjing, Maanshan and Wuhu stations) in together with the monthly averaged river discharge observed at Datong hydrological stations. Subsequently, the underlying controlled factors that influence the tidal wave propagation were discussed. It was shown that the seasonal difference in tide-river dynamics was gradually reduced in the seaward direction. We identified a transitional zone located between the Tianshenggang and Jiangyin stations, where the seasonal differences in tidal range are 0.01 m and −0.04 m, respectively. Generally, upstream from Jiangyin Station the dynamics character was river-dominated, while in the lower reaches it was mainly controlled by the tidal forcing. In addition, we show that there exists a threshold in river discharge in the upper reaches of the tidal reach of the Changjiang River due to the increase of residual water level and hence water depth caused by the residual water level slope. This phenomenon was particularly true in the upstream reach between Maanshan to Wuhu stations, where the threshold of river discharge was approximately 33 000 m³/s. The results obtained from this study can enhance our understanding of tide-river interaction, and will, hopefully, provide guidelines for water resources management in the tidal reach of the Changjiang River.
- Changjiang River Estuary /
- tidal river /
- river discharge /
- tidal damping /
- residual water level

HTML全文

图 1 长江流域（a）及长江感潮河段（b）潮位站与水文站点分布

Fig. 1 The tidal gauging stations and the hydrological stations of the Changjiang River basin (a) and its tidal reach (b)

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图 2 大通站2002−2014年日均流量变化（红线表示多年平均流量）

Fig. 2 Temporal variation of daily averaged river discharge observed at Datong Station between 2002 and 2014 (the red line indicates the multi-year averaged river discharge)

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图 3 长江感潮河段沿程各站点平均潮位(a)和平均潮差(b)的洪枯季变化

Fig. 3 Seasonal variation of tide level (a) and tide range (b) along the tidal reach of the Changjiang River

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图 4 长江沿程各河段余水位坡度(a)及潮波振幅衰减率(b)的洪枯季变化

Fig. 4 Seasonal variation of the residual water slope (a) and the tide amplitude damping rate (b) for different reaches along the tidal reach of the Changjiang River

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图 5 长江沿程各河段高潮位(a)、低潮位(b)传播速度的洪枯季变化

Fig. 5 Seasonal variation of the high water level celerity (a) and low water level celerity (b) for different reaches along the tidal reach of the Changjiang River

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图 6 余水位坡度（a−e）、潮波振幅衰减率(f−j)及潮波传播速度(k−o)与河段下游站点潮波振幅的关系

Fig. 6 The relationship between residual water level slope (a−e), tidal amplitude damping rate (f−j), tidal wave celerity (k−o) and tidal wave amplitude at the downstream station for different reaches along the tidal reach of the Changjiang River

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图 7 长江流域不同河段余水位坡度（a）和潮波振幅衰减率(b)随流量的变化

Fig. 7 The variation of residual water level slope (a) and tide amplitude damping rate (b) as a function of river discharge for different reaches along the tidal reach of the Changjiang River

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图 8 长江不同感潮河段潮波振幅衰减率与余水位坡度的变化关系

Fig. 8 The relationship between tide amplitude damping rate and residual water level slope for different reaches along the tidal reach of the Changjiang River

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图 9 长江不同感潮河段潮波传播速度的平方（c²）随振幅衰减率（δ_H）的变化

Fig. 9 The variation of the square of the wave celerity (c²) as a function of the tidal amplitudedamping rate (δ_H) for different reaches along the Changjiang River Estuary

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表 1 大通站流量特征值和沿程主要潮位站潮波特征值

Tab. 1 Characteristic values of discharge at Datong Station and characteristic values of tide wave at different tidal gauging stations

站点	特征值	最大值	最小值	中位数	标准差	洪季均值	枯季均值
大通	流量/m³·s⁻¹	66 600	8 380	23 400	13 237	36 825	16 848
芜湖	潮位/m	9.04	1.16	3.97	2.01	6.02	2.77
芜湖	潮差/m	0.63	0.10	0.27	0.14	0.19	0.39
马鞍山	潮位/m	7.91	0.91	3.38	1.74	5.24	2.39
马鞍山	潮差/m	0.90	0.15	0.41	0.19	0.29	0.56
南京	潮位/m	6.78	0.64	2.81	1.49	4.44	1.99
南京	潮差/m	1.05	0.24	0.58	0.22	0.42	0.72
镇江	潮位/m	5.37	0.25	2.30	1.08	3.42	1.63
镇江	潮差/m	1.36	0.52	0.96	0.22	0.76	1.10
江阴	潮位/m	3.29	−0.41	1.24	0.54	1.78	0.85
江阴	潮差/m	2.05	1.49	1.76	0.11	1.72	1.76
天生港	潮位/m	2.98	−0.67	1.17	0.40	1.41	0.73
天生港	潮差/m	2.33	1.76	1.99	0.11	2.00	1.99

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表 2 长江不同感潮河段潮波传播特征值之间的线性相关系数

Tab. 2 Linear correlation coefficient of tidal wave propagation in different tidal reaches of the Changjiang River

相关系数	马鞍山−芜湖	南京−马鞍山	镇江−南京	江阴−镇江	天生港−江阴
流量−余水位坡度	0.94	0.98	0.95	0.98	0.89
流量−衰减率	0.51	0.54	0.75	0.95	0.49
余水位坡度−衰减率	0.44	0.54	0.84	0.97	0.41
δ_H−c²	0.31	0.12	0.42	0.64	0.11

下载: 导出CSV

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