Study on the tempo-spatial distribution of green macroalgal micro-propagules along the coasts of Jiangsu and Shandong provinces
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摘要: 为研究暴发浒苔绿潮的黄海近岸水体中大型绿藻微观繁殖体时空分布和种群演替，以及绿潮对海域繁殖体群落结构的影响，本研究在江苏－山东沿岸设置4个站位，开展周年取样调查研究。通过室内培养和分子检测结合的方法，共鉴定出6种大型绿藻：缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、浒苔(U. prolifera)、扁浒苔(U. compressa)、孔石莼(U. pertusa)、未命名种(Ulva sp.) 和盘苔(Blidingia sp.)。定量研究结果表明，各站位微观繁殖体丰度和种类组成具有明显时空变化特征，苏北浅滩与青岛近岸周年绿藻微观繁殖体丰度明显高于连云港燕尾港和日照岚山港站位；各站位丰度呈双峰型波动，春季到初夏达最高，秋季为次高峰，其他季节丰度较低。群落结构组成研究表明，苏北浅滩周年存在较高丰度的浒苔微观繁殖体(平均为77株/L)，其中造成黄海大规模绿潮的“漂浮生态型”浒苔占绝对优势，年均占浒苔微观繁殖体总数的75.7%；青岛近岸微观繁殖体种类组成波动显著，在夏季大规模浒苔绿潮到达时，优势种从缘管浒苔转变成浒苔，其中，“漂浮生态型”浒苔微观繁殖体数量急剧上升，并在绿潮消退时快速消失。对比研究显示，苏北浅滩海域是浒苔微观繁殖体“栖息地”，对维持浒苔种群、造成绿潮连年暴发具有重要作用；青岛近岸微观繁殖体群落受到大规模漂浮浒苔的季节性扰动，其组成结构在绿潮暴发期发生显著变化。Abstract: To study the tempo-spatial distribution and species succession of green macroalgal micro-propagules in the coastal waters affected by the green tides in the Yellow Sea, a year-round survey was conducted at the four stations (ZGS, YWG, LSG and YY) along the coasts of Jiangsu and Shandong provinces. Through the lab-culture and molecular analysis, there were six green macroalgal species detected, including 4 ulvoid species (Ulva linza, U. prolifera, U. compressa and U. pertusa), an unclassified Ulva sp. and one Blidingia sp. Quantitative analyses revealed evident tempo-spatial variations of the abundance and species composition of micro-propagules at the four stations. The abundances of micro-propagules were significantly higher at ZGS and YY than those at YWG and LSG. A seasonal bi-peak pattern of the abundances was consistent throughout the four stations. The numbers of micro-propagules were generally highest during the spring to early summer, and reached a minor peak in fall, but were low in other seasons. The U. prolifera propagules (77 individuals/L in average over the year) were existing at ZGS of the Subei Shoal throughout the year, and majority (75.7% in average) of them was the ‘floating’ type, an ecotype causing the green tides in the Yellow Sea. In comparison, species composition of micro-propagules fluctuated significantly at YY of Qingdao. The dominant species switched from U. linza to U. prolifera in summer when the large-scale floating biomass of U. prolifera approached the coasts of Qingdao. The quantity of ‘floating’ type of U. prolifera increased dramatically in this period and descended rapidly with the cessation of the green tide. This study suggested that the Subei Shoal is an important ‘habitat’ for U. prolifera, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the U. prolifera population and causing the successive green tides. Whereas in Qingdao coastal water, the large-scale floating U. prolifera biomass could temporarily influence the local micro-propagule community, and cause a rapid shift of the micro-propagule species during the blooming season of the green tides.
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Key words:
- Ulva prolifera /
- green tides /
- micro-propagules /
- species succession
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图 1 江苏−山东沿岸4个取样站位
Fig. 1 Four sampling locations along the coasts of Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces
图 2 2016年3月至2017年3月江苏−山东沿岸各站位绿藻微观繁殖体数量变化（平均值±标准误差，*代表未采样）
Fig. 2 Micro-propagule abundance at four sampling locations along the coasts of Jiangsu and Shandong provinces from March 20016 to March 2017 (mean±SE, * indicates no samples collected)
图 3 2016年3月至2017年3月ZGS和YY站绿藻微观繁殖体种类组成（*代表未采样）
Fig. 3 Species composition of the mciro-propagule communities at ZGS and YY stations from March 2016 to March 2017 (* indicates no samples collected)
图 4 2016年3月至2017年3月ZGS、YY站浒苔微观繁殖体丰度及“漂浮生态型”浒苔占比（*代表未采样）
Fig. 4 Abundance of the total and ‘floating’ type of U. prolifera at ZGS and YY stations from March 2016 to March 2017 (* indicates no sample collected)
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