乐清湾大型底栖动物群落及其与环境因子之间的关系

王航俊; 姚炜民; 林义; 邹清; 刘亚林

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.02.008

乐清湾大型底栖动物群落及其与环境因子之间的关系

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.02.008

王航俊^1,,
姚炜民^1, ,,
林义¹,
邹清¹,
刘亚林¹

国家海洋局温州海洋环境监测中心站，浙江温州 325000

基金项目: 浙江省海洋环保与生态项目（浙海渔计[2012]100号）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王航俊（1987—），男，浙江省东阳市人，工程师，主要从事海洋底栖生物生态学研究。E-mail：wanghj@ecs.mnr.gov.cn

通讯作者:
姚炜民，高级工程师，主要从事海洋生态评价研究。E-mail：ywm@ecs.mnr.gov.cn

中图分类号: Q958.1
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- 文章访问数: 527
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-03-09
- 修回日期: 2019-04-29
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-02-25

Macrobenthic community and its relationship with environmental factors in the Yueqing Bay, Zhejiang Province, China

Wang Hangjun^1
,,
Yao Weimin^{1
, ,},
Lin Yi¹,
Zou Qing¹,
Liu Yalin¹

Wenzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Wenzhou 325011, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解和掌握乐清湾大型底栖动物群落及其与环境因子的相关性，于2015年1月、3月、5月、8月和10月开展了5个航次的大型底栖动物和环境因子的调查。结果表明，1月、3月和5月3个月份的群落结构和空间分布均较为接近，优势群落的主要特征种为薄云母蛤和不倒翁虫；8月和10月的优势群落不明显，主要群落特征种有不倒翁虫、双形拟单指虫、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕、小头虫、中蚓虫属一种等。丰度/生物量曲线(ABC曲线)分析表明5月的群落结构较稳定，1月、3月、8月和10月均处于不同程度的扰动状态，其中8月的受扰动程度最大。BVSTEP分析表明亚硝酸盐是乐清湾大型底栖动物群落各月份差异的主要环境驱动因子，盐度和氨氮分别是影响乐清湾3月和5月大型底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子。典范对应分析(CCA)表明水温对乐清湾大型底栖群落特征种时空分布影响最大，其次是盐度、溶解氧、含氮营养盐和pH等。通过CCA排序图发现大部分群落特征种分布在含氮营养盐较低的水域，表明高浓度的含氮营养盐已经对乐清湾的大型底栖动物产生了负面影响。
- 乐清湾 /
- 大型底栖动物群落 /
- 环境因子 /
- 丰度/生物量曲线 /
- 典范对应分析（CCA）
Abstract: To evaluate the relationship between macrobenthic communities and environmental factors in the Yueqing Bay, five surveys were conducted in this study in January, March, May, August and October 2015. We found that both community structure and spatial distribution were similar in January, March and May, with Yoldia similis and Sternaspis sculata as the characteristic species. The dominant communities were not obvious in neither August nor October, the characteristic species of the main community were S. sculata, Nephtys oligobranchia, Capitella capitata, and Mediomastus sp. With the aid of abundance/biomass curve (ABC curve) analysis, we found that the communities were the most stable in May, and the most vulnerable in August. Results of BVSTEP analysis showed that nitrite was the dominant environmental factor for monthly difference of macrobenthic communities in the Yueqing Bay. In addition, salinity and ammonia nitrogen were the key environmental factors affecting the macrobenthic community structure in March and May, respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) further showed that water temperature had the greatest influence on the spatial and temporal distribution of characteristic species of macrobenthic communities in the Yueqing Bay, followed by salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen nutrients and pH, etc. The CCA biplot also showed that the majority of the community species were distributed in the waters with low nitrogen nutrients, indicating that high concentrations of nitrogen nutrients had a negative impact on the distribution of macrobenthos in the Yueqing Bay.
- Yueqing Bay /
- macrobenthic community /
- environmental factors /
- abundance/biomass curve /
- canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)

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图 1 乐清湾大型底栖动物取样站位

Fig. 1 Sampling stations of macrobenthos in the Yueqing Bay

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图 2 乐清湾大型底栖动物群落结构聚类分析

Fig. 2 Cluster analysis of macrobenthic community structure in the Yueqing Bay

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图 3 乐清湾大型底栖动物群落空间分布

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of macrobenthic community in the Yueqing Bay

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图 4 乐清湾大型底栖动物群落ABC曲线

Fig. 4 ABC curves of macrobenthic community in the Yueqing Bay

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图 5 乐清湾大型底栖动物群落特征种与环境因子的CCA二维排序图

图中序号为各月份的群落特征种，1：寡鳃齿吻沙蚕；2：索沙蚕属一种；3：后指虫；4：多丝独毛虫；5：不倒翁虫；6：薄云母蛤；7：中蚓虫属一种；8：沙钩虾属一种；9：日本细莱毛虫；10：蛇尾幼体；11：钩虾一种；12：腺袋才女虫；13：钩毛虫属一种；14：叶须虫属一种；15：背毛背蚓虫；16：光滑河篮蛤；17：冠奇异稚齿虫；18：全刺沙蚕属一种；19：双形拟单指虫；20：似蛰虫；21：米列虫；22：异蚓虫；23：小头虫；24：中华后指虫；25：异毛虫一种；26：双唇索沙蚕；27：纽虫一种；28：长吻沙蚕

Fig. 5 CCA biplot of macrobenthic community characteristic species and environmental factors in the Yueqing Bay

Community characteristic species names of each month, 1: Nephtys oligobranchia; 2: Lumbrineris sp.; 3: Laonice cirrata; 4: Tharyx multifilis; 5: Sternaspis sculata; 6:Yoldia similis; 7: Mediomastus sp.; 8: Byblis sp.; 9: Levinsenia gracilis japonica; 10: Ophiuroidea; 11: Gammaridae; 12: Polydora triglanda; 13: Sigambra sp.; 14: Phyllodoce sp.; 15: Notomastus cf.aberans; 16: Potamocorbula laevis; 17: Paraprionospio cristata; 18: Nectoneanthes sp.; 19: Cossurella dimorpha; 20: Amaeana trilobata; 21: Melinna aberrans; 22: Heteromastus filiforms; 23: Capitella capitata; 24: Laonice sinica; 25: Paraonidae; 26: Lumbrineris cruzensis; 27: Nemertea; 28: Glycera chirori

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表 1 乐清湾海域环境参数（平均值±标准差）的月份变化

Tab. 1 Monthly change of environmental parameters (mean±standard deviation) in the Yueqing Bay

调查时间	1月	3月	5月	8月	10月
水深/m	8.0±4.7	9.9±6.1	8.1±4.0	8.4±5.3	9.4±5.6
水温/℃	10.8±0.6	10.7±0.6	19.6±1.3	29.2±1.3	23.4±0.5
pH	8.12±0.06	8.01±0.04	7.94±0.08	7.97±0.05	8.04±0.03
盐度	25.654±0.799	25.728±1.722	27.155±0.612	28.980±1.982	25.218±0.623
溶解氧/mg·L⁻¹	9.19±0.15	8.94±0.59	7.16±045	6.12±0.40	6.93±0.18
化学耗氧量/mg·L⁻¹	1.30±0.37	1.62±0.56	1.38±0.82	1.02±0.55	1.44±0.79
悬浮物/mg·L⁻¹	222.3±106.4	459.4±247.4	353.8±334.4	291.4±293.4	262.8±156.8
叶绿素a/μg·L⁻¹	1.2±0.3	1.1±0.3	1.2±0.4	2.5±1.1	1.3±04
磷酸盐/mg·L⁻¹	0.046 5±0.003 1	0.043 4±0.003 0	0.039 9±0.005 3	0.041 5±0.008 7	0.055 0±0.007 4
亚硝酸盐−氮/mg·L⁻¹	0.005 8±0.002 8	0.008 7±0.006 5	0.014 1±0.013 7	0.011 2±0.017 0	0.013 0±0.009 9
硝酸盐−氮/mg·L⁻¹	0.588 0±0.049 4	0.610 7±0.088 8	0.590 0±0.044 7	0.339 7±0.091 0	0.554 1±0.042 3
氨−氮/mg·L⁻¹	0.045 8±0.014 6	0.060 0±0.041 0	0.053 1±0.027 4	0.050 4±0.029 5	0.043 6±0.011 1
油类/mg·L⁻¹	0.014±0.006	0.025±0.021	0.025±0.021	0.028±0.028	0.038±0.030
砂/%	−	−	−	4.40±11.65	−
粉砂/%	−	−	−	67.23±8.54	−
黏土/%	−	−	−	28.37±5.28	−
注：“−”表示无数据。

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表 2 乐清湾大型底栖动物群落结构与环境因子的BVSTEP相关性分析

Tab. 2 BVSTEP analysis of community structure and environmental factors of macrobenthos in the Yueqing Bay

时间	多因子组合	相关系数	显著性水平	单因子	相关系数
年度	亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐、叶绿素a、氨氮、水温	0.340	0.01	亚硝酸盐	0.228
1月	盐度、油类、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐、pH、悬浮物	0.432	0.06	盐度	0.294
3月	盐度、水温、硝酸盐、氨氮	0.488	0.02	盐度	0.435
5月	氨氮、磷酸盐、pH、溶解氧	0.605	0.01	氨氮	0.461
8月	磷酸盐、亚硝酸盐、粉砂、化学耗氧量、悬浮物、氨氮	0.43	0.38	磷酸盐	0.182
10月	氨氮、溶解氧	0.111	0.90	氨氮	0.103

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表 3 乐清湾大型底栖动物群落结构特征种与环境因子之间CCA分析结果

Tab. 3 CCA results of structural characteristics and environmental factors of macrobenthic community in the Yueqing Bay

排序轴	1	2	3	4
特征值	0.426	0.315	0.252	0.209
特征种和环境因子相关性	0.885	0.810	0.706	0.705
特征种−环境变量累积百分数/%	23.37	40.66	54.47	65.95

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表 4 环境因子的解释率和显著性检验结果

Tab. 4 Interpretation rate of environmental factors and significance test results

环境因子	解释率/%	F值	P值
水温	4.7	4.2	0.002
盐度	4.4	3.9	0.002
溶解氧	4.2	3.7	0.002
硝酸盐−氮（NO₃-N）	3.9	3.4	0.002
亚硝酸盐−氮（NO₂-N）	3.8	3.4	0.002
pH	3.7	3.3	0.002
氨氮（NH₄-N）	3.4	2.9	0.016
叶绿素a	2.5	2.2	0.018
磷酸盐（SRP）	2.5	2.2	0.006
化学需氧量（COD）	2.4	2.1	0.010
油类	2	1.7	0.038
悬浮物（SS）	1.7	1.4	0.106
水深	1.1	1.0	0.522

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