Distributions and influencing factors of dissolved aluminum in the Zhujiang River Estuary,continental slope of the northern South China Sea in autumn and summer
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摘要: 于2014年10月和2015年6月对珠江口、南海北部陆坡区域溶解态铝的分布进行观测，探讨影响其分布及季节差异的主要因素，并以其作为示踪因子探讨潜在的陆源物质跨陆架输送途径。研究结果显示，夏、秋季珠江口盐度为0时溶解态铝的浓度分别为690.0 nmol/L和360.0 nmol/L，在淡咸水混合初期溶解态铝迅速自水体清除，夏季的清除率(55.8%)大于秋季(29.7%)。在南海北部陆坡区域，夏季表层溶解态铝浓度表现为沿纬线方向西高东低的分布特点，秋季则相反；夏、秋季底层溶解态铝浓度均呈现出随着离岸距离增加逐渐降低的分布趋势。秋季溶解态铝浓度的分布与盐度呈现显著的负相关关系，表明其行为近乎保守，陆架混合水及黑潮次表层水等水团混合是影响南海北部陆坡区域溶解态铝分布的主要因素。并且以溶解态铝作为示踪因子发现，在21.6～22.2 kg/m3密度面区间存在自陆架向陆坡方向的跨陆架输送。而夏季陆坡中部受到珠江冲淡水的影响出现低盐水舌，但溶解态铝的浓度相对较低，表现出明显的不保守行为。浮游植物的清除作用是导致夏季陆坡区域溶解态铝分布异常的重要因素。Abstract: Distributions of dissolved aluminum in the Zhujiang River Estuary and slope of the northern South China Sea (NSCS) were observed in October 2014 and June 2015, respectively. We discuss the main factors affecting its distribution and seasonal variation, and use dissolved aluminum as a tracer to explore the potential cross-shelf transport of terrestrial materials. The concentrations of dissolved aluminum in the Zhujiang River were 690 nmol/L and 360 nmol/L in summer and autumn, respectively. Dissolved aluminum were significantly removed from the water column in the initial mixing of fresh and saline water in the Zhujiang River Estuary, with scavenging rate of 55.8% and 29.7% in summer and autumn, respectively. In the slope of the NSCS, the concentration of dissolved aluminum in the surface decreased from east to west along the latitude in summer and was completely opposite in autumn. The concentrations of dissolved aluminum in the bottom were gradually decreased across the NSCS shelf with the increasing distance from the coast both in summer and autumn. The negative correlation between dissolved aluminum and salinity in autumn indicated that the behavior of dissolved aluminum was nearly conservative and the mixing of different water masses including shelf mixed water and kuroshio subsurface water was the main influencing factor. Dissolved aluminum showed decreasing trend from the continental shelf to the middle of NSCS along the isopycnal surfaces of 21.6 to 22.2 kg/m3, indicating the potential cross-shelf transport path in the NSCS. In summer, there was a water tough with lower salinity appeared in the middle of the study area, indicating the influence of the Zhujiang diluted water. However, the concentration of dissolved aluminum was relatively low corresponding to the water mass with low salinity. Scavenging by phytoplankton bloom in the top mixed layer was the major influencing factor of semi-conservative behavior of dissolved aluminum in summer.
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图 1 2014年10月和2015年6月南海北部陆坡以及珠江口的采样站位
a、b 代表CTD-Niskin采水器采样站位，c 代表飞鱼采水器采样站位
Fig. 1 The sampling stations of the continental slope of the northern South China Sea and the Zhujiang River Estuary in October 2014 and June 2015
a、b represents the sampling stations collected by CTD-Niskin, c represents the sampling stations collected by Towed-fish
图 2 2014年10月和2015年6月珠江口区域溶解态铝浓度和盐度的关系图
蓝色和红色虚线分别代表2014年10月、2015年6月溶解态铝浓度和盐度的对数拟合线
Fig. 2 The relationship between the dissolved aluminum concentration and salinity in the Zhujiang River Estuary in October 2014 and June 2015
The dotted blue and red lines represent the logarithmic fitting lines of dissolved aluminum concentration and salinity in October 2014 and June 2015, respectively
图 3 2014年10月和2015年6月表、底层温度（℃）、盐度和溶解态铝浓度（nmol/L）的平面分布
Fig. 3 The distribution of temperature (℃), salinity and dissolved aluminum concentration (nmol/L) in the surface and bottom in October 2014 and June 2015
图 4 秋、夏季断面2的温度（℃）、盐度及溶解态铝浓度（nmol/L）的分布
1 000 m深度为界限的不等间距坐标
Fig. 4 The distribution of temperature (℃), salinity and dissolved aluminum concentration (nmol/L) in Section 2 in autumn and summer
Note that the use of different scales for depths above and below 1 000 m
图 5 秋、夏季溶解态铝-盐度的关系
黑点代表研究区域的值，玫红点代表黑潮次表层水（盐度为35.04，溶解态铝的浓度为6.2 nmol/L）和陆架混合水的端元值（盐度为31.00，溶解态铝的浓度为66.4 nmol/L）
Fig. 5 The relationship between dissolved aluminum concentration and salinity in autumn and summer respectively
The black dots represent the value of the study area; the red rose dots represent the end element value of the Kuroshio Subsurface Water (salinity: 35.04, dissolved aluminum concentrion: 6.2 nmol/L) and the mixed water of continental shelf (salinity: 31.00, dissolved aluminum concentrion: 66.4 nmol/L)
图 6 2015年6月叶绿素a浓度的卫星遥感图片（https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/） （a）及夏季混合层溶解态铝的清除比例（叶绿素a的浓度为不等间距坐标） （b）
Fig. 6 Chlorophyll a satellite remote sensing images in June 2015（https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/） （a） and removed proportion of the dissolved aluminum in mixed layer in the summer (note that the use of different scales for chlorophyll a) （b）
图 7 秋季南海北部陆坡断面1温度（℃）、盐度、溶解态铝（nmol/L）和深度的关系
Fig. 7 The relationship between temperature (℃), salinity, dissolved aluminum (nmol/L) and depth in Section 1 in the north continental slope of the South China Sea in autumn
表 1 GEOTRACES互校样品测定结果
Tab. 1 The results of GEOTRACES cross-calibrated sample
标准样品 推荐值/ nmol·L−1 实测值/ nmol·L−1 GS (GEOTRACES 大西洋地表水样本) 27.2±0.3 27.2±0.3 GD (GEOTRACES 大西洋深水样本) 18.0±0.7 17.7±0.2 
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表 2 2014年10月和2015年6月南海北部陆坡表、底层温度、盐度、溶解态铝的浓度范围及平均值
Tab. 2 Concentration ranges and the averages of temperature, salinity and dissolved aluminum concentration in the northern continental slope of the South China Sea in October 2014 and June 2015
季节 采水器 区域 层次 温度/ ℃ 盐度 溶解态铝浓度/ nmol·L−1 秋季 飞鱼 珠江口 表层 − 0.20～33.90 20.0～360.0 陆坡 表层 25.2～28.4 33.31～34.10 8.9～24.7 (27.7±0.5) (33.78±0.20) (18.1±7.2) CTD-Niskin 陆坡 表层 26.8～27.9 33.50～34.12 13.9～27.0 (27.5±0.3) (33.89±0.18) (18.1±3.6) 底层 2.4～22.2 34.33～34.57 2.2～25.4 (9.8±8.6) (34.52±0.09) (7.7±6.9) 夏季 飞鱼 珠江口 表层 − 0.11～33.80 18.6～674.4 陆坡 表层 − − 7.9～17.9 (12.6±3.0) CTD-Niskin 陆坡 表层 29.3～31.1 31.43～34.04 9.7～32.0 (30.6±0.6) (33.44±0.93) (19.9±6.5) 底层 2.4～18.3 34.41～34.63 2.0～19.8 (9.2±5.9) (34.57±0.08) (8.2±5.5) 注：“−”代表未测数据；括号里的数据代表平均值
（夏季飞鱼和CTD-Niskin采水器采集表层样品的区域不完全一致，取相同区域铝的数据进行Mann-Whitney U检验，p >0.05, n=27, 无显著性差异）。
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